豌豆語法15虛擬語氣.ppt

豌豆語法課虛擬語氣 豌豆群： 7298916,虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。,一、虛擬語氣的概念,If+主語+動詞的過去式 （動詞be用were),主語+should,would, might,could動詞 原形,If+主語+had +過去分詞,主語should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主語+動詞過去式 2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形 3、If+主語+should +動詞原形,主語should, would might, could動詞 原形,二 基本的三種情況 1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況： 從句：If 主語+過去時(Be動詞用were) 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 3If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth 2、表示與過去事實相反的情況 從句：If 主語+had+done 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 2If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.,3、表示對將來情況的主觀推測 主句：主語+should/could/would/might + do 從句：if+主語+were to do if+主語+should/would/could/might + do if+主語+did（動詞過去式）/were e g： 1If he should come here tomorrow , I would talk to him. 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 3If she were to be here next Monday , I would tell her about the matter.,三、使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點：,有時，虛擬條件句中，結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。這種條件句叫錯綜條件句。 從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。 e g： If I had worked hard at school ,I would be an engineer ,too . If they had informed us , we would not come here now. 從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。 如： If he were free today , we would have sent him to Beijing. 。 If he knew her , he would have greeted her.,2當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were ,should ,had 時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were ,should , had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。E g： Should he agree to go there , we would send him there. Were she here , she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers , we would have hired him to work here.。,3、非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without，but for等 E g： But for his help , we would be working now. Without your instruction , I would not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number , otherwise we would have telephoned him.,4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通過這次考試的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了該多好啊。 5注意，在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was。 eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.,四、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運用,1 用于賓語從句, 、wish 后面的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：,表現(xiàn)在 過去時 表過去 過去完成時 表將來 would, might, could動詞原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 當表示“暗示、表明“講時，insist 表示”堅持說之意時，應用陳述語氣，作“堅決主張；堅決要求”講時，用虛擬語氣。如：,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動詞原形” should可以省略,2 用于表語從句和同位語從句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,3 虛擬語氣在主語從句中 A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形 1 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 Its natural that she should do so. Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required. that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動詞原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that句型中從 句也常用(should )+動詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should動詞原形，should不能省略,五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中,It is high time that you went / should go to school.,2. If only 引導的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài),If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 從句 動詞用過去式或過去完成時,I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( as though) 看起來 常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done).,He treats the boy as if he were his own son.,He spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四 情態(tài)動詞+ have done could have done 本來可以- - - might have done 本來可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本來應該做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 - - 你本不應該告訴她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本來會去做-,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B . will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help , even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C . may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party , there _no New China. A . would be B. has been C. should be D . was,5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wr