豌豆語法15虛擬語氣.ppt

豌豆語法課虛擬語氣 豌豆群： 7298916,虛擬語氣,虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。,一、虛擬語氣的概念,If+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式 （動(dòng)詞be用were),主語+should,would, might,could動(dòng)詞 原形,If+主語+had +過去分詞,主語should, would, might, could have done,1、If+主語+動(dòng)詞過去式 2、If+主語+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形 3、If+主語+should +動(dòng)詞原形,主語should, would might, could動(dòng)詞 原形,二 基本的三種情況 1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況： 從句：If 主語+過去時(shí)(Be動(dòng)詞用were) 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 2If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 3If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth 2、表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況 從句：If 主語+had+done 主句：主語+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 2If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.,3、表示對(duì)將來情況的主觀推測(cè) 主句：主語+should/could/would/might + do 從句：if+主語+were to do if+主語+should/would/could/might + do if+主語+did（動(dòng)詞過去式）/were e g： 1If he should come here tomorrow , I would talk to him. 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 3If she were to be here next Monday , I would tell her about the matter.,三、使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：,有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，結(jié)果主句和條件從句的謂語動(dòng)作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。這種條件句叫錯(cuò)綜條件句。 從句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。 e g： If I had worked hard at school ,I would be an engineer ,too . If they had informed us , we would not come here now. 從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)不符。 如： If he were free today , we would have sent him to Beijing. 。 If he knew her , he would have greeted her.,2當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動(dòng)詞含有were ,should ,had 時(shí)，if可以省略，這時(shí)條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were ,should , had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。E g： Should he agree to go there , we would send him there. Were she here , she would agree with us. Had he learnt about computers , we would have hired him to work here.。,3、非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語中，如without，but for等 E g： But for his help , we would be working now. Without your instruction , I would not have made such great progress. We didnt know his telephone number , otherwise we would have telephoned him.,4、 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。 省略從句 He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。 You could have passed this exam. 你本能通過這次考試的。 省略主句 If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。 If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了該多好啊。 5注意，在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was。 eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.,四、虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用,1 用于賓語從句, 、wish 后面的賓語從句中。 一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動(dòng)詞形式為：,表現(xiàn)在 過去時(shí) 表過去 過去完成時(shí) 表將來 would, might, could動(dòng)詞原形,I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I wouldcould go.,用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞后面的賓語從句。,insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.,We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.,They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.,注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明“講時(shí)，insist 表示”堅(jiān)持說之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語氣，作“堅(jiān)決主張；堅(jiān)決要求”講時(shí)，用虛擬語氣。如：,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.,The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.,在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名詞后的表語和同位語從句中要用“should動(dòng)詞原形” should可以省略,2 用于表語從句和同位語從句,My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.,My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.,We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.,3 虛擬語氣在主語從句中 A.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 1 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 Its natural that she should do so. Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required. that-clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型 It is demanded that we should work out a plan. C. 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that句型中從 句也常用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.,1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略,五、虛擬語氣在其他從句中,It is high time that you went / should go to school.,2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)態(tài),If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday!,3. would rather + 從句 動(dòng)詞用過去式或過去完成時(shí),I would rather you told me the truth. I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.,4. as if ( as though) 看起來 常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成式 (had done).,He treats the boy as if he were his own son.,He spoke as if he had known about it,5. even if ( even though)即使,Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.,Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.,四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have done could have done 本來可以- - - might have done 本來可能 - - - should / ought to have done 本來應(yīng)該做 - - - shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。 You shouldnt have told her the truth . neednt have done 本不必做 - - - 比較：didnt need to do 沒必要做也沒有做 - - - 我沒必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了 I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it. would have done 本來會(huì)去做-,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,Choose the best answer: It is strange that the little boy _ _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B . will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help , even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C . may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party , there _no New China. A . would be B. has been C. should be D . was,5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wr