關(guān)于主謂語(yǔ)一致問題.doc.doc

關(guān)于主謂語(yǔ)一致問題謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，須和主語(yǔ)在人稱上保持一致，這就叫做主謂語(yǔ)一致。語(yǔ)法上一致，意義上一致和就近一致是主謂語(yǔ)一致問題的三原則。一、主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)1.國(guó)名、人名、書名和組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專用名詞作主語(yǔ)，形式上是復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)TheUnitedStatesofAmericaisoneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.Hisselectedpoemswasfirstpublishedin1965.Athens(雅典)isacity.(thecapitalofGreece)2.表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離和重量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被看作是整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Twohoursisnotlongenoughforthistest.TwoUSdollarsisagoodenoughpriceforthisbook.Sixmilesisquiteadistance.若側(cè)重一個(gè)一個(gè)的個(gè)體，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Twentyyearshavepassedsincehewassenttoprison.3.凡以-ics結(jié)尾表示科學(xué)名稱的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Politicsisnnowtaughtinallschools.Physicswashermajor.(專修棵)4.oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。OneandahalfdaysareallIcanspare.5.有些用來(lái)表示有兩個(gè)相同部分連成一體的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。如；glasses,trousers,compasses,scissors,spectacles,shoes,clothes,chopsticks等。Thescissorsaresharp.Thetrousersareshortforme.但如果用akindof,apairof,aseriesof謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)有單位名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。Thereisapairofcompassesonthetable.Therearetwopairsofcompassesonthetable.二、主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)1.有些集體名詞形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)。如：cattle,police,people,militia等。Thecattlearegrazing.Trafficpolicearealwaysverybusy.Allthepeopleoftheworlddesirepeace.但people用作民族時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。TheChineseisagreatpeople.2有些以-sh,-ese,-ch結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)家，民族的形容詞與the連用時(shí)，表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilyatChristmas.TheChinesearekindandfriendly.當(dāng)上述形容詞用于語(yǔ)言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Frenchisspokeninmanycountries.3.某些形容詞前加:the表示一類人，其意義為復(fù)數(shù)。如：thepoor,therich,theold,theyoung,thesick,thedead,thebrave,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等。Theoldaretakengoodcareof.Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorerinmanycountries.三、主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞依情況而定1.有些集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；若表示全體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：family,class,group,team,enemy,audience,club,committee,company等。HisfamilyhasboughtacolourTVset.ThefamilywerewatchingTVwhenherunclecamein.TheclassisinthechargeofMrLi.TheclassaretakingnotesinEnglish.2.一些表示部分概念或不定數(shù)量的名詞作主語(yǔ)，形式為單數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：half,most,therest,some,part等。Halfofthemoneyisyours.Halfofthechildrenaregirls.Mostofthemilkissour(酸).Mostoftheorangesaresour.Twentyofofthemaregirls.Therestareboys.Therestneedsnotelling.3.分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語(yǔ)以及由alotof,lotsof,plentyof,等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和of后的名詞的數(shù)一致。Lotsoffoodisgoingtobewasted.Lotsofpeoplearewaitingforyou.Ninetypercentoftheworkhasbeendone.Abouttwentypercentofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.ThepopulationofChinaisverylargeandeightypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.4.不定代詞any,either,neither,none,all,some,more等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)上下文或具體場(chǎng)合而定。Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.Allarehere.(人)Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.5.疑問代詞what,which和who的數(shù)，按說(shuō)話人的意圖而定。Wholivesnextdoor?ItisTom.Wholivenextdoor?ItisTomandJohn.Whichis(are)yourbook(s)?Whatproduce(s)heat?6.主語(yǔ)從句，不定式（短語(yǔ)），動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Whowillgoisnotimportant.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntoall.Whyhediditwasntquiteclear.Climbingmountainsisagoodformofexercise.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningisnecessary.Itsnousepretendingtoknowwhatyoudontknow.ItsveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.7.連接代詞what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)從句的內(nèi)容或后面的表語(yǔ)而定。從句的內(nèi)容是兩個(gè)或表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Whatweneedismoretime.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whatdisappointedusmostwashisrefusal.Whatthechildrenwantarestory-books.Whatweneedaredoctors.8.關(guān)系代詞which,that,who的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。!Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournames.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.Peteroftentakeshisauntinacarwhichhasbeengiventohimasapresent.Henryisdoingexperimentswhichareimportanttohisstudies.9.oneofthe+復(fù)數(shù)名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，要根據(jù)one前面是否有the，有the用單數(shù)，無(wú)the用復(fù)數(shù)。SheisoneofthegirlswhohavebeentotheGreatWall.SheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohasbeentothegreatWall.Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.ThistheoneofthebooksonthesubjectsthathaseverbeenwritteninChinese.四、主語(yǔ)并列，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有下列情況：1.用and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。TomandIaregoodfriends.Thepenandthepencilarenew.Huntingandfishingareverygoodformofexercise.2.and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果指同一人，同一物或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Theeditorandpublisherofthismagazineisaveryableman.Thedoctorandteacherisgoingtogiveusareport.Thehammerandsicklewasflyingfromthetallflagpole.Wheretofindhimandhowtofindhimisnotknowntous.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.Allworkandnoplaymakesjackadullboy.Happinessandsuccessdependsonourselves.但:Fireandwaterdonotagree.3.and連接的連接的兩個(gè)名詞前有every,each,no時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Everydeskandeverychairismadeofwood.Eachboyandgirlinthenurseryhasgotatoy.Nopencilandpencil-knifeisinthepencil-box.4.and連接的兩個(gè)名詞修飾語(yǔ)+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這類結(jié)構(gòu)表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。ThethirdandthelastchapterarewrittenbyprofessorWang.第三章和最后一章是王教授寫的。（共兩章）但是:ThethirdandlastchapteriswrittenbyprofessorWang.第三章即最后一章是王教授寫的。（共一章）5.由or,either.or,nor,neither.nor,notonly.butalso連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近一致.Heoryouhavetakenmypen.Eitheryouorheiswrong.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoIamgoingthere.Neitherhenorhisparentsareathome.五其他情況1.asmuchas,aswellas,nomorethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,but,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,besides,except,inadditionto和of+名詞等,連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致.Maryaswellasherclassmateshaslearnedtodriveatractor.TheteachertogetherwithhisstudentsisgoingtovisittheGreatWallIratherthanheamtoblame.NooneexceptXiaoWangandXiaoLihasbeentoBeijing.He,likeyouandme,likestoplayfootball.MyclassmatesasmuchasIaregladtohearthat.Thenumberofthestudentsofourclassis50.He,nolessthanyou,isworthyofbeingpraised.Hisbrother,nomorethanJim,aretobeansweredforit.2.morethanone+單數(shù)名詞和manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),盡管意義上為復(fù)數(shù),但中心詞為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Thereismorethanoneanswertoyourquestion.Manyastudenthaspassedtheexam.但:more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.3.oneortwo后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),意思是afewthings.ThereareoneortwothingsIwanttotalkoverwithyou.Oneortwodayisquiteenoughtofinishthework.4.awordortwo作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可.Awordortwois(are)neededhere.5.a+單數(shù)名詞+andahalf和oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Anappleandahalfisleftontheplate.Oneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.6.由each修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；each位于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)之后或句末不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù).achstudenthasgotanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thestudentseachhavegotadictionary.Thestudentshavegotadictionaryeach.7.everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,nothing盡管在意以上為復(fù)數(shù)但在語(yǔ)法上被看作是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Everybodyishere.Isanybodyathome?Nothingistheworldisdifficultfortheonewhosetshismindtoit.世上無(wú)難事,只怕用心人.8.anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),anumberof以為many,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；thenumber+單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),number意為數(shù)字或編號(hào),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).!numberofpeopletherearewaitingforyou.Thenumberofpeoplethereis500.Agreatnumberofstudentslikedrawing.Thenumberofourbedroomis305.9.(large)quantitiesof+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),即和quantities保持一致；aquantityof+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),即和quantity保持一致.Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.Largequantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.冷卻需要大量的水.Thereisalargequantityofflowersinourschoolgarden.10.agreatdealof+不可數(shù)名詞和alargeamountof+不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；largeamountsof+不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).Alargeamountsof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.11.themajorityof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；themajority單獨(dú)使用時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可.Themajorityofboyslikefootball.Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.(提案)Ex.1.NobodybutJane_thesecret.A.knowB.kownsC.haveknownD.isknown2.Allbutone_herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were3.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be并列結(jié)構(gòu)的主謂一致問題1.就近型：由or,eitheror,neitheror,notbut,notonlybutalso等連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)通常要與靠近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Neitheryounorheistired.你和他都沒累。NotyoubutIamtoblame.不是你的錯(cuò)而是我的錯(cuò)。Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.不是我父親就是我兄弟要來(lái)。2.就遠(yuǎn)型：由aswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan等連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)通常與前面一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.不但兒子想去那兒，而且他的父母也想去。3.復(fù)數(shù)型：由and和both.and連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)總是用復(fù)數(shù)。如：(Both)NewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.紐約和倫敦都存在交通問題。注：當(dāng)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)受each,every,no的修飾時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。另外，當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)的詞語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或事物時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)。如：Everymanandwomanwantstojoinit.每個(gè)男女都想加入它。Ateacherandpoetvisitedourschooltheotherday.早幾天一位教師詩(shī)人參觀了我們學(xué)校。therest(of)等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)取決于什么請(qǐng)看下面兩道題：a.Therestoftheboys_watchingTV.b.Therestofthemoney_stolen.A.were，wereB.was，wereC.were，wasD.was，was此題應(yīng)選C。all，most，some，half，percent，therest等詞語(yǔ)后接介詞of再接名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若該名詞為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，則其謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若該名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，則其謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式()：1.a.Mostoftheapplesarebad.這些蘋果當(dāng)中大部分是壞的。b.Mostoftheappleisbad.這個(gè)蘋果壞了一大部分。c.Mostofthetimewasspentonit.這上面花了大部分時(shí)間。2.a.Halfofthebuildingsweredestroyedinthefire.有一半的樓房在大火中被毀。b.Halfofthebuildingwasdestroyedinthefire.這座大樓在大火中有一半被毀。c.Halfofthemoneywasspentonfood.有一半的錢用來(lái)買食物。3.a.30percentoftheworkersherearewomen.這里的工人有30%是女性。b.30percentoftheworkhasbeendone.有30%的工作已完成。c.30percentofthewallhasbeenpainted.墻壁有30%已被刷漆。謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該跟主語(yǔ)一致還是跟表語(yǔ)一致有這樣一道題：WeChinese_ahard-workingpeople.A.isB.areC.isbeingD.arebeing此題應(yīng)選B。這里考生要注意的是：我們通常說(shuō)的是主謂一致(即謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)保持一致)，而不是表謂一致(即不是謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)一致)，本題意為：我們中國(guó)人是一個(gè)勤勞的民族。注意以下類似例子()：ThesetwodictionariesareapresentformybestfriendJim.這兩本詞典是我送給我最好朋友吉姆的禮物。Theplanetsweretheobjectofhisstudy.這些行星是他研究的目標(biāo)。ThemostimportantthingIneedisbooks.我需要的最重要的東西是書。Thecountrysleadingexportiswatches.這個(gè)國(guó)家的主輸出品是手表。Thebestpartofthemealisthecoffeeandcookies.這餐飯最好的部分是咖啡和餅干。但是有些主語(yǔ)由于本身具有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種可能，它的謂語(yǔ)到底用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，要看具體的語(yǔ)境(多數(shù)情況是看其后面詞語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù))：1.a.Whoisyourbrother?誰(shuí)是你的兄弟?b.Whoareyourbrothers?哪些是你的兄弟?2.a.Whathesaidisquitecorrect.他所說(shuō)的完全正確。b.Whatheleftmeareonlyafewoldbooks.他給我留下的只是