中國藥科大學(xué)2009屆中藥學(xué)院專業(yè)英語期末整理.docx

中國藥科大學(xué)2009屆中藥學(xué)院專業(yè)英語期末整理緒論Strengthening basic researches on Chinese Medicinal Plants and its relations to realizing the modernization of CMM加強(qiáng)中國藥用植物基礎(chǔ)研究及其與中藥現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)系Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 中藥health care衛(wèi)生健康Chinese traditional medicinal herbs 中草藥inciting side-effects明顯的副作用go back to the nature回歸自然 the modernization of Chinese Materia Medica (CMM) 中藥現(xiàn)代化 Surveys調(diào)查special projects專項(xiàng)調(diào)查scientific identification科學(xué)鑒定chemical constituents化學(xué)成分pharmacological experiments 藥理實(shí)驗(yàn)clinical applications臨床適應(yīng)性monographs 各論、專論manuals 手冊Pharmacopoeia 藥典therapeutical efficacy療效黃花蒿( Artemisia annua)，青蒿( Artemisia apiacea) chloroquine resistant malaria/抗氯喹寧瘧疾Pernicious（有害的） malaria/惡性瘧疾cerebral （大腦的,腦的） malaria/腦瘧疾derivatives/衍生物quinine/喹寧harringtonine 三尖杉酯堿homoharringtonine 高三尖杉酯堿extracted from 提取leukemia 白血病malignant lymphoma 惡性淋巴瘤ginkgetin 銀杏黃酮criteria 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) revise 修正，校訂systematic studies系統(tǒng)研究revising 修訂common-used Chinese materia medica常用中藥材品種整理和質(zhì)量研究impact n.沖擊，碰撞era 時(shí)代public health care 公共健康事業(yè)traditional Chinese patent medicines and preparations 中成藥和中藥制劑basic researches 基礎(chǔ)研究production 生產(chǎn)marketing 流通 research 研究Identification of species / 品種鑒定identifying 鑒別clarifying 澄清，闡明confused varieties 易混淆的變種false matters 偽品益胃生津，滋陰清熱 benefit the stomach, promote the production of body fluid and remove the excessive heatQuality control and evaluation/質(zhì)量的控制和評價(jià)intensive 加強(qiáng)的，透徹的contents =components, constituentswith great care :小心翼翼地habitat：產(chǎn)地qualitative and quantitative analysis 定性定量分析The methods of research研究方法biotechnology 生物技術(shù)molecular biology 分子生物學(xué)remedy: n. 藥物，治療法，賠償，v.補(bǔ)救，矯正modern scientific methodologies 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)方法Strengthen the study of medicinal plant resources 加強(qiáng)藥用植物基源研究exploring new resources 開發(fā)新的資源re-producting resources 可持續(xù)性利用資源conservation of germplasm of the rare and endangered medicinal plants 珍稀瀕危藥用植物的種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)Carry out the researches on specific biology of medicinal plantsspecific adj. 種的，明確的，特殊的，具有特效的 n. 特效藥，詳情，特性 Map out GAP (Good Agriculturing Practice) in medicinal cultivationmap out 規(guī)劃seed quality standards 種子的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)processing rules and regulations 加工方法及規(guī)范Established standards of quality control and renew methodologycriteria 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)protocol 草案foreign matter雜質(zhì)Apply modern comprehensive multidisciplinary studies on Chinese medicinal plantscomprehensive：綜合的，廣泛的multidisciplinary：多學(xué)科Establish information systems in modern research of Chinese medicinal herbsEthnobotany 人類植物學(xué)Ethnopharmacology民族藥理學(xué)Ethno- 民族，種族semi-colonial and semi-feudal nation/半殖民半封建的國家constraint and devastation/ 壓迫與毀壞the inheritance and development of Chinese troditional medicine /繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)many difficult and complicated diseases 疑難雜癥TERMINOLOGY部分要求的詞匯中藥 Traditional Chinese Medicines中藥材 Chinese Materia Medica (CMM)Traditional Chinese Medicinal MaterialsChinese Crude Drugs 中草藥 Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs Chinese Herbal Medicines 藥用植物學(xué) Medicinal Plants民間藥物 Folklore Medicaments Folk Herbs Indigenous Drugs中成藥 Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines 中藥制劑 Chinese Medicinal Preparations 藥用植物學(xué) Pharmaceutical Botany生藥學(xué) Pharmacognosy藥用植物分類學(xué)Pharmaceutical Plant Taxonomy植物化學(xué) Phytochemistry植物化學(xué)分類學(xué) Plant Chemotaxonomy藥用植物志 Flora of Medicinal Plants 中藥藥劑學(xué) Traditional Chinese Pharmaceutics 中藥炮制學(xué) Science of Processing Chinese Crude Drugs顯微生藥學(xué) Microscopical Pharmacognosy本草學(xué) herbals藥典 pharmacopoeia細(xì)胞 cell 細(xì)胞壁 cell wall初生壁 primary wall次生壁 secondary wall細(xì)胞核 nucleus 質(zhì)體 plastid葉綠體 chloroplast染色體 chromoplast紋孔 pit結(jié)晶體 crystal 淀粉粒 starch granule （grain）臍點(diǎn) hilum(pi.hila)層紋 striation單粒 single starch granule 復(fù)粒 compound starch granule半復(fù)粒 semi- compound starch granule蛋白質(zhì) protein 脂類化合物 lipid 揮發(fā)油 volatile oil 苷 glycoside生物堿 alkaloid 皂苷 saponin 萜 terpene 三萜皂苷 triterpenoid黃銅 flavonoid蒽醌 anthraquinone 酚 phenol香豆素 coumarin鞣質(zhì) rannin 氨基酸 amino acid菊糖 inulin草酸鈣結(jié)晶 calcium cxalate crystal簇晶 clusrer crystal (cluster,druse)針晶 acicular crystal (needle)Parenchyma 薄壁組織Parenchymatous cell 包庇細(xì)胞Epidermal tissue 表皮組織Epidermis 表皮Cuticle 角質(zhì)層stoma(pl.stomata) 氣孔guard cell 保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞subsidiary cell 副衛(wèi)細(xì)胞非腺毛 non-glandular hair 腺毛 glandular hair 腺鱗 glandular scale 周皮 periderm 木栓層 cork 木栓形成層 cork cambium (phellogen)栓內(nèi)層 phelloderm皮層 cortex 皮孔 lenticel 形成層 cambium次生木質(zhì)部 secondary xylem 次生韌皮部secondary phloem分泌組織 secretory tissue 樹脂道 resin canal 厚角組織 collenchyma 纖維 fibre (fiber)韌皮纖維 phloem fibre 木纖維 xylem fibre 晶鞘纖維 crystal fibre 層紋 striation木化 lignified 增厚 thickening 增厚細(xì)胞壁 thickened wall導(dǎo)管 vessel網(wǎng)紋導(dǎo)管 reticulated vessel具緣紋孔導(dǎo)管 bordered pitted vessel 篩管 sieve tube 維管束 vascular bundle 外韌維管束 collateral bundle 異性維管束 abnormal vascular bundle 形成層成環(huán) cambium ring主根 main (tap )root 定根 normal root 須根 fibrous root 不定根 adventitious root細(xì)根 rootler初生構(gòu)造 primary structure 次生構(gòu)造 secondary structure皮層 cortex 中柱鞘 pericycle 初生木質(zhì)部 primary xylem髓部 pith 射線 ray木栓層 cork 植物 phyta科 aceae丹參Pubescent 軟毛Stem 4-angled 莖4棱Angled 棱 Leaves opposite 葉對生Verticillate 輪生pseudo- 假的 Racemes 總狀花序stamens 雄蕊Gynobasic 著生于基部的 Nutlets 堅(jiān)果Ellipsoid 橢圓形Vermillion 朱紅色 serrate 鋸齒狀的 Retuse 淺凹形 Falcate 鉤狀的 Filament 花絲 Style 花柱 Anther 花粉囊 fragile: 脆的 astringent: 收斂性的ferric chloride: 三氯化鐵 TS：test solutiondull: 暗的 cortex: 栓皮，皮層 phelloderm: 栓內(nèi)層a stoppered test tube: 具塞試管 stand for ：靜置 residue: 殘?jiān)?reference drug:對照藥材 CRS：Chemical Reference Standard養(yǎng)心安神：clear heart-fire and remove restlessnessRhizomes short and stout, sometimes with remains of a stem at the apex.根莖短而粗壯，Externally brownish-red or dark brownish-red, rough, longitudinally wrinkled.dissolved on mounting in chloral hydrate solution.（沒翻譯）Boil 5 g of the powder in 50 ml of water for 1520 minutes, cool and filter. Concentrate the filtrate on a water bath, dissolve the extract in 35 ml of ethanol, filter. Apply several drops of the filtrate to a piece of filter paper, allow it to dry and examine under ultra-violet light (365nm) , a bright bluish-grey fluorescence is produced. Expose the filter paper to ammonia vapour for 20 minutes, remove the filter paper and examine again under ultra-violet light (365 nm ), a pale bluish-green fluorescence is produced.置5g粉末于50ml水中煎煮1520分鐘，冷卻后過濾.在水浴中濃縮濾液，用35ml乙醇溶解濃縮產(chǎn)物，過濾。將濾液在濾紙上點(diǎn)一些斑點(diǎn)，斑點(diǎn)揮干后在365nm波長紫外光下觀察，可看到明亮的藍(lán)灰色熒光。將濾紙置于氨氣中20分鐘后，在365nm波長紫外光下觀察，可見淡藍(lán)綠色熒光。To 0.5 ml of the filtrate obtained from Identification (1) , add 12 drops of ferric chloride TS: a dull green color is produced. 從（1）的濾液中移取0.5ml，加12滴三氯化鐵試液：可見濾液變?yōu)榘稻G色。Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of benzene-ethyl acetate (19:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5l of each of the three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in air. 照薄層層析色譜方法實(shí)驗(yàn)，吸取上述三種溶液各5l，分別點(diǎn)于同一硅膠G薄層板上，以苯-乙酸乙酯（19：1）作為展開劑，展開, 取出，晾干。供試品色譜中，在與對照藥材色譜相應(yīng)的位置上顯相同顏色的斑點(diǎn)；在與對照品色譜相應(yīng)位置上，顯相同的暗紅色斑點(diǎn)。（該部分是老師補(bǔ)充的含量測定的翻譯部分，英文當(dāng)時(shí)是老師抄寫在黑板上的）照高效液相色譜法（附錄 VI D）測定色譜條件及系統(tǒng)適用性試驗(yàn)以十八烷基硅烷鍵合硅膠為填充劑；以甲醇水（75:25）為流動(dòng)相；檢測波長為270nm。理論塔板數(shù)按丹參酮A 峰計(jì)算應(yīng)不低于2000。對照品溶液的制備精密稱取丹參酮A 對照品10mg，置于50ml棕色容量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，搖勻；精密量取2ml，置25ml棕色容量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，搖勻，即得（每1ml中含丹參酮A 16g）。供試品溶液的制備取本品粉末（過三號(hào)篩）約0.3g，精密稱定，置具塞錐形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，稱定重量，加熱回流1小時(shí)，放冷，再稱定重量，用甲醇補(bǔ)足減失的重量，搖勻，濾過，取繼濾液，即得。測定法分別精密吸取對照品溶液、供試品溶液各5l，注入液相色譜儀，測定，即得。本品按干燥品計(jì)算，含丹參酮A （C19H18O3)不得少于0.20。何首烏perennial 多年生的twining 纏繞的plump 豐滿的;胖嘟嘟的herbaceous 草質(zhì)的 petiole 葉柄 blade 葉片cordate 心形的glabrous 無毛的，光滑的 ocrea 托葉鞘 membranous 膜質(zhì)的terminal: 頂生 axillary： 腋生 panicles：圓錐花序 perianth perin：花被 acheneki:n：瘦果lenticel-like protrusions：皮孔樣凸起Texture ：質(zhì)地fracture：折斷面abnormal vascular bundles：異性維管束brocaded ：織成錦緞的starchy：粉性的viscous：粘性的horny：角質(zhì)樣橫斷面： transverse elongated橫切面：transverse section縱切面：longitudinal section Cork 木栓層Phloem 韌皮部Abnormal vascular bundles 異型維管束Cambium 形成層Xylem 木質(zhì)部pitted vessel：紋孔導(dǎo)管reticulated vessel：網(wǎng)紋導(dǎo)管scalariform vessel:梯紋導(dǎo)管spiral vessel：螺紋導(dǎo)管stellate :星形的elliptical： 橢圓的A perennial twining herb. The end of the root in a irregular plump mass.Stem somewhat woody at the base and much branched at the upperpart,herbaceous.Leave alternate,with a long periole;blade cordate,4-9cm long.2.5-5cm broad ,entire,glabrous;Flowers numerous,in terminal or axillary panicles,small;perianth 5-parted,white,the parts unequal in size.Achene elliptical,3-ridged,covered by the persisting winged perianth.2多年生纏繞草本；根末端肥大呈不整齊塊狀，紅褐色。葉互生，具長柄；葉片心臟形，全緣，表面光滑無毛；托葉鞘膜質(zhì)。圓錐花序頂生或腋生，花小而密，白色?；ū痪G白色具三翅。瘦果橢圓形，有三棱。In a mass or irregular fusiform,6-15cm long,4-12cm in diamerer.Externally reddish-brown,shrunken and uneven,shallowly grooved,with transverse elongated lenticels and fine rootler scars.Texture heavy,compact,uneasily broken,fracture pale yellowish-brown or reddish-brown,starchy,bark exhibiting 4-11 subrounded rings of abnormal vascular bundles,forming brocaded patterns,wood in central part relatively large,some having a woody core.Odourless;taste,bitterish and astringent 塊根呈團(tuán)塊狀或不規(guī)則紡錘形。表面紅褐色或紅棕色，凹凸不平，有淺溝，并有橫長皮孔。質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)而重，橫切面淡紅棕色，粉性，皮部常有411個(gè)類圓形異常維管束環(huán)列，形成“云錦花紋”，中央為一較大的中柱。味微苦、澀。Transverse section:Cork consisting of several layers of cells .filled with brown contents.Phloem relatively broad,scattered with 4-11 subrounded abnormal vascular bundles of collateral type,vessels rare in the bundles.In the central part of a root cambium in a ring;vessels in xylem less.Parenchymatous cells containing starch granules塊根橫切面：木栓層為數(shù)列細(xì)胞，充滿紅棕色物。韌皮部較寬廣，環(huán)形排列異型維管束4-11個(gè)，外韌型，導(dǎo)管稀少。中柱形成層成環(huán)，木質(zhì)部導(dǎo)管較少，有少數(shù)木纖維，根中心部位導(dǎo)管較多，射線寬。薄壁細(xì)胞含草酸鈣簇晶，并含淀粉粒。Boil about 0.1g of the powder in 10ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution for 3 min,cool and filter.Acidify the filtrate with hydrochloric acid,extract with equal quantity of ether, the layershows a yellow colour Heat under reflux about 0.2g of the powder in 5ml of ethanol for 5min,filter while hot,and allow to cool.Evaporate 2 drops of the filtrate to dryness in a porcelain dish ,add a drop of saturated solution of antimony trichlodide in chloroform ,a red-brown to violet-red colour is produced.（1）取粉末約0.1g，加10氫氧化鈉溶液10ml，煮沸3分鐘，冷后濾過。取濾液，加鹽酸使成酸性，再加等量乙醚，振搖，乙醚層應(yīng)顯黃色。分取乙醚液4ml，加氨試液2ml，振搖，氨試液層顯紅色。（2）取粉末約0.2g，加乙醇5ml，熱回流提取5分鐘，趁熱過濾，放冷。取濾液2滴，置蒸發(fā)皿中蒸干，趁熱加三氯化銻的氯仿飽和溶液1滴，顯紅棕色至紫紅色。 甘草harmonize：調(diào)和 mollify：緩和removed from提出ventilated dry place通風(fēng)干燥處preserved in保存在sunned to曬至 branchlets小枝 eliminating various toxicities. 消除各種毒素pubescences: 軟毛，絨毛，到達(dá)青春期；stipules deciduous. 托葉 每年落葉的 glandular : 腺體的 pinnately：羽狀的 racemes: 總狀花序 stamens: 雄蕊Calyx 花萼 ovary子房corolla 花冠 style 花柱Legume 莢果 Prickly多刺的 calcareous glasslands：鈣質(zhì)草原Ventilated 通風(fēng)的 Bales 大包，捆Furrows 溝紋 Sparse 稀疏的 cleft：裂隙bud scars 芽痕 pith 髓lignified fibres 木化纖維甘草甜素(glycyrrhizin)，為甘草酸(glycyrrhizic acid)的鉀、鈣鹽。Glycyrrhizic acid 甘草酸 Glycyamarin 甘草苦苷Root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis: Roots cylindrical, 25100 cm long, 0.63.5 cm in diameter. The outer bark loose or tight. Externally reddish-brown or greyish-brown, obviously longitudinally wrinkled, furrows, lenticel-like protrusions , and with sparse rootlet scars. 烏拉爾甘草根呈圓柱形，長25100cm，直徑0.63.5cm。外皮松緊不一。表面紅棕色或灰棕色，具顯著的縱皺紋、溝紋、皮孔樣突起及稀疏的細(xì)根痕。Texture compact, fracture slightly fibrous, yellowish-white, starchy, cambium ring distinct, rays radiate, some with clefts. Rhizomes cylindrical, externally with bud scars, pith present in the centre of fracture. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and characteristic. 質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)，斷面略顯纖維性，黃白色，粉性，形成層環(huán)明顯，射線放射狀，有的有裂隙。根莖呈圓柱形，表面有芽痕，斷面中部有髓。氣微，味甜而特殊。1. Phelloderm relatively narrow. 。2. most phloem fibres in parenchymatous cells containing prisms of calcium oxalate 3. Sieve tube 4. Fascicular cambium distinct. 5. Xylem rays in boundles, 6. Roots without pith at the centre根中心無髓；根莖中心有髓。Brownish-Yellow.Fibres in bundles,8-14 um in diameter,thickwalled,slightly lignified,surrounded by parenchymatous cells containing prisms of calcium oxalate,forming crystal fibres .Prisms of calcium oxalate frequent.Bordered pitted vessels large,reticulated vessels rare.Cork cells reddish-brown,polygonal slightly lignified粉末淡棕黃色。纖維成束，直徑814m，壁厚，微木化，周圍薄壁細(xì)胞含草酸鈣方晶，形成晶纖維。草酸鈣方晶多見。具緣紋孔導(dǎo)管較大，稀有網(wǎng)紋導(dǎo)管。木栓細(xì)胞紅棕色，多角形，微木化。Legume (pod) curved to be sickle-like, densely covered with brown prickly glandular hairs莢果彎曲成鐮刀狀，密被黃褐色刺狀腺毛。黃芪odd-pinnately compound：奇數(shù)羽狀復(fù)葉pinnae：小葉，由拉丁語轉(zhuǎn)變而來，復(fù)數(shù)stipule：托葉lanceolate ：披針形的tonic: 滋補(bǔ)劑，補(bǔ)藥racemes：總狀花序 calyx： 花萼 campanulate：鐘狀的 corolla：花冠 standard：旗瓣 wing：翼瓣keel：龍骨瓣 diadelphous：二體雄蕊 stalked：柄furrow: 皺紋 cork：木栓層 exfoliate：脫落 cortex：皮部 reticulate：網(wǎng)狀的tenacious：粘性的 striation：紋理 fissure: 裂隙phelloderm 栓內(nèi)層 collenchymatous cells 厚角細(xì)胞sieve tube groups 篩管群parenchymatous cells 薄壁細(xì)胞 lignified 木質(zhì)化primary walls：初生壁 tassel : 穗 bordered pitted vessels ：具緣紋孔導(dǎo)管formononetin，芒柄花黃素 3-hydroxyformonontin (calycosin), 毛蕊異黃酮（以下部分請自行翻譯，瞌睡了zZZ）Externally pale brownish-yellow or pale brown, with irregular, longitudinal wrinkles or furrows,，cork easily exfoliated, exposing yellowish-white phelloderm, sometimes showing reticulated fibre bundles.Texture hard and tenacious, uneasily broken, fracture highly fibrous and starchy, bark yellowish-white, wood pale yellow with radiate striations and fissures, the centre part of old root occasionally rotten-wood-shaped, blackish-brown or hollowed. Odour, weak; taste, slightly sweet and slightly bean-like on chewing.(重點(diǎn)句 the centre part of old root occasionally rotten-wood-shaped, blackish-brown or hollowed.)Transverse: Cork consisting of many rows of cells.Phelloderm, 35 rows of collenchymatous cells. Outer part of phloem rays often curved and fissured; fibres in bundles, walls thickened and lignified or slightly lignified, arranged alternately with sieve tube groups ; stone cells sometimes visible near phelloderm. Cambium in a ring. Xylem vessels scattered singly or 23 aggregated in groups,wood fibres existing among vessels;stone cells singly or 24 in groups, sometimes visible in rays. Parenchymatous cells containing starch granules. Power：Yellowish-white. Fibres in bundles or scattered, 830m in diameter, thick-walled, with longitudinal fissures on the surface, the primary walls often separated from the secondary walls, both ends often broken to be tassel-like, or slightly truncated. Bordered-pitted vessels colorless or orange, bordered pits arranged closely. Stone cells occasionally visible, rounded, oblong or irregular, slightly thick-walled.To 3g of the powder add 20ml of methanol and hcat under reflux on a water bath for 1h and filter.Apply the filtrate to a prepared neutral aluminium oxide column(100-120mesh.5g.10-15mm in internal diameter )and elute with 100ml of 40% methanol,collect the eluate.Evaporatc the eluate on a water bath to dryness.Dissolve the residue in 30ml of water and cxiract with 2 quantities of 20ml n-butanol saturated with water,combinc the n-butanol solutions and wash solution and evaporate the n-butanol solution to dryness on a water bath.Dissolve the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test solution.取本品粉末3克，加甲醇20毫升，置水浴上加熱回流1小時(shí)，過濾，濾液加于已處理好的中性氧化鋁柱上（100120目，5克，柱內(nèi)徑1015毫米）。用100毫升40%甲醇洗脫，收集洗脫液。水浴蒸干，殘?jiān)?0毫升水溶解，用水飽和的正丁醇萃取兩次，每次20毫升，合并正丁醇溶液，用水洗滌，正丁醇液蒸干，殘?jiān)?.5毫升甲醇溶解作為供試品溶液。Dissolve astragaloside IV CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. 另取黃芪甲苷對照品，加甲醇制成每1毫升含1毫克的溶液，作為對照品溶液。Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography (TLC）(Appendix B) using silica gel G as the coating substance and the lower layer of a mixture of chloroform, methanol and water (13:7:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 l of each of the two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry it in air, spray with 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol, and heat at 105 to the spots distinct. 參照薄層層析色譜法（附錄 B）試驗(yàn)，吸取上述兩種溶液各2微升，分別點(diǎn)于同一硅膠G薄層板上，以氯仿甲醇水（13：7：2）混合溶液的下層溶液為展開劑，展開，取出，晾干，噴以10%的硫酸乙醇溶液，并于105加熱至斑點(diǎn)清晰。A brown spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution. Examine under ultra-violet light ( 365 nm ), orange-yellow fluorescent spots are shown in both chromatograms. 供試品色譜中，在與對照品色譜相應(yīng)的位置上，顯相同的棕色斑點(diǎn)。置熒光燈365nm下檢視，在供試品和對照品色譜中具有黃棕色的熒光斑點(diǎn)。六味地黃丸pulverize 研磨refined honey 煉蜜 sift：評審，過篩make pills : 泛丸cleft：裂縫 hyphae：菌絲epidermal: 表皮的 pericarp: 果皮 beaded anticlinal walls垂周壁念珠狀增厚 kieselguhr: 硅藻土 triturate: 研勻 paeonol: 丹皮酚 cyclohexane: 環(huán)己烷 ferric chloride：三氯化鐵 hydrochloric acid ：鹽酸distil: 蒸餾 distillate 蒸餾液 volumetric flask: 容量瓶 spectrophotometry: 分光光度法 grind into 磨合 petroleum 石油醚 decant 傾倒 absolute ethanol-chloroform無水乙醇-氯仿 adhesive plaster 膠布disintegrate/溶解； grind/成粉末； Soxhelts extractor/索氏提取器macerate：浸軟 decant：倒出 absolute ethanol：無水乙醇ursolic acid: 熊果酸 formic acid: 甲酸integration values: 吸光度值 starch granules 淀粉粒 short cleft 短縫狀 V-shaped 人字形 chloral hydrate solution 水合氯醛液parenchyma 皺縮 thin layer chromalographic scanning 薄層掃描 cyclohexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate-formic acid 環(huán)己烷 氯仿 乙酸乙酯 甲酸 ursolic acid 熊果酸常用詞匯整理（根據(jù)老師給的某PPT