高二語法名詞性從句.doc

高二語法-名詞性從句專講名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，其功同名詞一樣。一主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is 名詞從句It is a fact that 事實(shí)是It is an honor that 非常榮幸It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)(2) it is 形容詞從句It is natural that很自然It is strange that奇怪的是(3) it is 不及物動(dòng)詞從句It seems that 似乎It happened that碰巧(4) it 過去分詞從句It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It has been proved that已證實(shí)3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況 (1) if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens, It occurs 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (5) 含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)4. What 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如：1) What you said yesterday is right.2) That she is still alive is a consolation.二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞（及物動(dòng)詞）或介詞之后。1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（that 通?？梢允÷裕?例如：I heard that be joined the army.(2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：1) She did not know what had happened.2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介詞的賓語例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容詞的賓語例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.That 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. It 可以作為形式賓語It 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞這類動(dòng)詞有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例如：I admire their winning the match. (right)I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。）三表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1. 同位語從句的功能同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分名詞性從句用法綜述在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一 主語從句主語從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It 作形式主語和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那場(chǎng)電影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強(qiáng)調(diào)句型）2. 用it 作形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí)(2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動(dòng)詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí) It is said that 據(jù)說3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。（2）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主語從句的復(fù)合句是疑問句時(shí)，主語從句不可提前。例如： 正確表達(dá)：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation二賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?, 例如： I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。 b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。 (3) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對(duì)我說她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。2. 作介詞的賓語，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。注意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month. 我聽說她下個(gè)朋就會(huì)結(jié)婚了。5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞 這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。如： 正確表達(dá)：I admire their winning the match. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：I admire that they won the match.6. 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動(dòng)詞 有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞間接賓語that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：正確表達(dá)：He impressed the manager as an honest man. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。三. 表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動(dòng)詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位語從句同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）高一英語名詞性從句習(xí)題薈萃一1. _he does has nothing to do with me. A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer how_ A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about3. Energy is _makes thing work. A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is _the shenzhou V Spaceship landed. A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have no idea at all_. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone 7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease. A. that B. which C. of which D. of that 8. The order came _the soldiers _the small village the next morning. A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave C. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. _is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting_ we had enough money for our research. A. that B. which C. whether D. if 11. Is _he said really true? A. that B. what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray. A. while B. if C. that D. for 14. _more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. This C. who D. If 15._he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. _you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. That C. Who D. How17._all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what 18. _appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much. A. What B. It C. All that D. That19. It is widely _that smoking can cause cancer. A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped 20. _caused the accident is still a complete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys: 15 ABABC 610 AABAC 1115 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA 高二英語名詞性從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her.A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened 2. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man will look like what D. what look will man like 3. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it . A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 4. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That5. I t worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. _he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 8. Do you remember _ he came ? Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 9. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have . A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 12. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off ? A. why B. when C. what D. where13. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 14. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 15. I found _ strange _ she has not come yet.A. it, that B. that, that C. this, / D. it, /16. The difficulty lies _ we have no money. A. that B. in the fact C. in the fact that D. in fact that17. The reason why I burst into tears is _ I dont want to part my mother. A. that B. which C. / D. because 18. The problem _ we can master modern science and technology in a short time. A. is if B. is that C. is why D. is how 19. _ came to see me ? A. Who you think B. Do you think who C. Who do you think D. Whom do you think 20. _ the lovely girl is ? A. Do you know who B. Do you know whom C. Who do you know D. Whom do you know 21. The old gentleman never fails to help _ is in need of his help. A. whom B. who C. whoever D. whomever 22. _ puzzled the police most was how the murderer had been dead. A. The thing B. That C. What D. Whatever 23. This is one of the examples of _ by telegraph. A. how are messages sent B. that messages are sent C. that are messages sent D. how messages are sent 24. He seems different from _ he used to be. A. that B. what C. which D. /25. _ some mammals came to live in the sea is not known. A. That B. Since C. Although D. How 26. Wont you tell me what it is _ has been stolen ? A. which B. that C. whether D. what 27. _ we are doing has never been done before. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 28. That is just _ they are mistaken. A. when B. what C. where D. which 29. Take _ much you want and _ you want to .A. however, when B. whenever, how C. however, whenever D. however, whoever 30. _ a strong storm took place in that country.A. Word that came B. Word which came C. Word came which D. Word came that 31. She took it _ they would take her advice.A. for granting that B. for grant that C. for granted that D. for granted what 32. Sometimes we are asked _ the likely result of an action will be. A. that we think B. what we think C. what do we think D. that what we think 33. I asked him _ English is her favorite subject. A. that B. that whether C. which D. whether 34. A mans worth lies not so much in _he has as in _he is. A. that, what B. what, what C. that, that D. what, that 35. I doubt _ we will win the match. A. whether B. that C. what D. /36. It was _ he worked hard that he succeeded. A. because B. since C. as D. for 37. Have you seen Li Ming recently ? I wonder _ with his studies. A. how is he getting along B. that he gets along well C. what is he getting along D. if he is getting along well 38. He made _ that he wouldnt change his mind. A. that quite clear B. it quite clear C. quite clear D. how clear that 39. He often thinks of _ he can do more for the four modernizations. A. what B. how C. that D. which 40. He was interested in _ he had seen at the exhibition.A. which B. that C. all what D. all that【答案】15 CABCB 610 AAAAB 1115 BACCA 1620 CADCA2125 CCDBD 2630 BDCCD 3135 CBDBA 3640 AABBD選擇最佳答案。1. _ She is a rich woman is known to all in the city. A. / B. That C. Who D. Because2. My cousin asked me _ I could lend him the Chinese novel. A. whet