新視野第三冊(cè)第八單元.doc

Part 1 Compound Dictation(每小題：1 分) Directions: In this section you will hear a passage or passages three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the information you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. Most researchers hope to use cloning as a faster and more efficient way to research drugs and treat diseases. However, to use the scientists technique to create a human clone was the very thing that caught the worlds 1. . Human cloning! The 2. of science fiction seemed about to become reality. Even before other labs had 3. the scientists discovery, a Harvard-trained physicist named Richard Seed made news. He declared his 4. to clone humans for commercial purposes. Few scientists found Seeds words believable, yet his 5. laid out a soul-shivering truth. Medicine has a strong 6. to use this technology. It would be used for basic research, to provide 7. to infertility (不育癥) or replace a dying loved one. But medicine is also required by the traditional rule to do no harm, and so it takes on added challenges 8. or whether they will suffer environmental mutations (突變) acquired during the life of their adult parent. 9. before work on human clones is done.What influence will this technology have on human development? Human cloning may be too profound (深?yuàn)W的) 10. , our traditions, our values, our laws and the future of the human gene bank. Perhaps, like nuclear warfare, the full meaning of cloning will be felt only when we get a taste of its bad use. Part 1 Compound Dictation (每小題: 1 分; 滿分：10 分) 小題 得分 對(duì)錯(cuò) 學(xué)生答案 Correct 1. 0 (未答) imagination 2. 0 (未答) stuff 3. 0 (未答) confirmed 4. 0 (未答) intention 5. 0 (未答) announcement 6. 0 (未答) desire 7. 0 (未答) solutions 8. 0 (未答) such as whether or not clones will die young because of their older DNA 9. 0 (未答) In addition, there are a great many other moral questions to be answered first 10. 0 (未答) to be carried out without the broadest possible understanding of its implications for our culture Subtotal: 0 Part 2 Cloze (with four choices provided)(每小題：2 分) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. Questions 1 to 20 are based on the following passage. This may all seem like some science fiction movie, but its not. Parents could 1. growclonemultiplyincrease a child killed in a sad accident. Or a child could reproduce a dying parent. We could have a child 2. literallystrictlyfaithfullygenuinely of our own with our own genes. This child would be created without the 3. occurrenceinterferencereferenceinference of another persons genes. In this way, your child can avoid the unnecessary, and potentially 4. inferiorsuperiorexteriorinterior, genes of another.It works like this: First we take genetic material, which can be 5. causedgeneratedeffectedassembled from almost any cell. This could 6. conceivablypreferablyadvisablyindispensably even be from a hair. Then we 7. includeconfinecombinerefine the genetic material with the nucleus of a special type of cell called a stem cell. That cell then 8. segregatesgeneratessplitsdivides and multiplies. If we are lucky, it begins the 9. accessexcessprocessionprocess of life. The life needs a place to grow and so we place it inside of a host mother to grow.Lets look at one possible 10. reflectionoutcomeimplicationconclusion from cloning research. It could be 11. a curea remedya medicinea drug for cancer. Or maybe we could create 12. elementsstructuresorgansunits for people who need donors. Surely, creating a clone to 13. equipsupplygrantyield organs to a victim of cancer is a good thing. It is an act of 14. excessiveradicalfarthestsupreme humanity.Cloning also opens the gates of parental expectation, leaving children 15. calculatedevaluatedexaminedinspected differently than they usually are now. Rather than being judged as to their genetic design, children will be judged according to how well they 16. live withlive onlive out tolive up to their genetic design.However, some people have 17. proposeddesignedprovidedvolunteered legislation to prohibit research on cloning. Some Republicans in the Senate are completely 18. ignorantinsensitiveunawareunconscious. They have claimed that cloning is 19. destructiveeviloffensiveinferior and against nature. The 20. applicationidentificationqualificationimplication is that science and progress should accord with their beliefs. Is that possible? Part 2 Cloze (with four choices provided) (每小題: 2 分; 滿分：40 分) 小題 得分 對(duì)錯(cuò) 學(xué)生答案 Correct 1. 0 (未答) clone 2. 0 (未答) literally 3. 0 (未答) interference 4. 0 (未答) inferior 5. 0 (未答) generated 6. 0 (未答) conceivably 7. 0 (未答) combine 8. 0 (未答) splits 9. 0 (未答) process 10. 0 (未答) outcome 11. 0 (未答) a cure 12. 0 (未答) organs 13. 0 (未答) supply 14. 0 (未答) supreme 15. 0 (未答) evaluated 16. 0 (未答) live up to 17. 0 (未答) proposed 18. 0 (未答) ignorant 19. 0 (未答) evil 20. 0 (未答) implication Subtotal: 0 Part 3 Skimming and Scanning (True or False Questions + Blank Filling)(每小題：1 分) Directions: Read the following passage and then answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose Y (YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage, choose N (NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage, choose NG (NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the same passage or dialog. Mystery of TimeIf you can read a clock, you will know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. Nor can we hear it. We know it only by the way we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the tiniest parts of time, time remains one of the great mysteries.One way of thinking about time is to imagine a world without time. There would be no movement, as time and movement cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no changes. For time and change are linked. When something changes, you know time has passed. In the real world, changes never stop. Some changes happen only once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon (月蝕). Others happen repeatedly, like the rising and setting of the sun. People have always noted natural events that repeat themselves. When people began to count such events, they began to measure time.In early human history, the only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light and darkness.The sun rose in the eastern sky, producing light. It moved over peoples heads and sank in the western sky, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of time. We have named each period light and darkness of one day. People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted the days that passed from the suns highest position until it returned to that position. They counted 365 days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year. Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must have wondered: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear? Where did it go?Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed a way to use the moons changing faces to tell time. The moon was full when its face was bright and round. They counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this number always remained the same, about 29 suns. Twenty-nine suns equaled one moon. We now know this period of time as one month.Early people killed animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups from place to place in search of food. Then people learned to plant seeds and grow crops. They learned to raise animals. They found they no longer needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So they developed calendars.No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on the movement of the moon, or lunar (陰歷的) months. When people started farming, the wise men of the groups became very important. They studied the sky. They gathered enough information to be able to say when the seasons would change. They announced proper time to plant crops.The measurement of time we use today was developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 years ago. Babylonians believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 days. They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, or months. Each month was 30 days. Then they divided each day into 24 equal parts, or hours. They divided each hour into 60 minutes, and each minute into 60 seconds.Humans have used many devices to measure time. The sundial (日晷) was one of the earliest and simplest among all these devices. A sundial measures the movement of the sun across the sky each day. It has a stick or other object that rises above a flat surface. The stick, blocking light from the sun, creates a shadow. As the sun moves, so does the shadow of the stick across the flat surface. Marks on the surface show the passing of hours and perhaps minutes.The sundial worked well only when the sun was shining. So other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented. One device was the hourglass. It used a thin stream of falling sand to measure time. The hourglass was shaped like the number eight: wide at the top and bottom but very thin in the middle. Then you turned the hourglass upside down. And it began to mark the passing of another hour.By the 1700s, people had developed clocks and watches with machine parts. And today, many of our clocks and watches are electronic.So we have devices to mark the passing of time. But what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same time. This is because time on Earth is set by the suns position in the sky above us. We all have a 12 oclock noon each day. Noon is the time when the sun is highest in the sky. But when it is 12 oclock noon where I am, it may be 10 oclock at night where you are.As international communications and travel grew, it became clear we needed a way to establish a common time for all parts of the world.In 1884, an international conference divided the world into 24 time areas, or zones. Each zone represents one hour. Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zones. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich as measured by the sun is considered to be Universal Time. We also know it as Greenwich Mean Time.Some scientists say time is governed by the movement of matter. They say time flows forward because everything is expanding. Some say it will stop expanding some day and will begin to move in the opposite direction, to grow smaller. Some believe time will also begin to flow in the opposite direction, from the future to the past.Some scientists believe there is one reason why time only moves forward. It is a well-known scientific law: the second law of thermodynamics (熱力學(xué)). That law says disorder increases with time. In fact, there are more conditions of disorder than of order. For example, there are many ways a glass can break into pieces. Disorder. But there is only one way the broken pieces can be organized to make a glass. Order. If time moved backward, the broken pieces could come together in a great many ways. Only one of these many ways, however, would re-form the glass. It is almost impossible to believe this would happen.Not all scientists believe time is governed by the second law of thermodynamics. They do not agree that time must always move forward. As long as they debate the nature of time, time will remain a mystery. 1. When people began counting the movement of natural events, they began to measure time. A. Y B. N C. NG 2. People noticed the sun was higher in the sky during the winter season. A. Y B. N C. NG 3. We now know the first calendar was developed by ancient Babylonians. A. Y B. N C. NG 4. The shadow of a sundial could tell the hour definitely but not the minutes. A. Y B. N C. NG 5. Electronic watches that we use today are more accurate than clocks with machine parts. A. Y B. N C. NG 6. The advance of international communications and travel makes possible the establishment of a common time worldwide. A. Y B. N C. NG 7. The main topic of this passage is how ancient people marked the passage of time. A. Y B. N C. NG 8. The name for the system that divides the world into 24 time zones is . 9. That disorder increases with time serves as an explanation of the . 10. Time will always be a mystery as long as disputes on exist among scientists. Part 3 Skimming and Scanning (True or False Questions + Blank Filling) (每小題: 1 分; 滿分：10 分) (In the case of True/False type of questions, A stands for True and B for False, or A for Y, B for N and C for NG.) 小題 得分 對(duì)錯(cuò) 學(xué)生答案 Correct 1. 0 (未選) A 2. 0 (未選) B 3. 0 (未選) B 4. 0 (未選) B 5. 0 (未選) C 6. 0 (未選) A 7. 0 (未選) B 8. 0 (未答) Greenwich Mean Time/Universal Time 9. 0 (未答) second law of thermodynamics 10. 0 (未答) the nature of time Subtotal: 0 Part 4 Reading Comprehension (Banked Cloze)(每小題：2 分) Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once. Questions 1 to 10 are based on the following passage. How does a scientist go about cloning a sheep? First they acquire an egg cell of a sheep. Then they combine it with the nucleus of a cell containing the DNA of the sheep they are attempting to clone. This is the ribbon-like molecule that contains 1. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate information. This molecule comes from the nucleus of any living cell, but it must be 2. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate if you want to clone an animal. In the right conditions, the newly created cell then begins to split, and then 3. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate and then the organism grows.Would the same 4. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate work for a human? Almost all scientists believe it would, and this is the issue that has 5. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate so much debate. The creation of Dolly has caused many organizations to 6. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate energetic protests. The topic has even found its way to the Congress of the United States. There, many government leaders are arguing over legislation that would 7. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate cloning of humans. They fear that the implications of cloning are too enormous to be fully understood at this time. Many are advising 8. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate experiments on cloning altogether until we know more about the scientific and moral dilemmas we might face. Still others 9. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate that many advances in medicine could come from these experiments. They wish to 10. pursuemultiplyproceedexpandprocessgeneratedexertbanningclaimintactmountinnocentaccelerategeneticregulate efforts to clones pigs specifically to develop medicines. Whatever it is we decide to do, we must proceed carefully. Part 4 Reading Comprehension (Banked Cloze) (每小題: 2 分; 滿分：20 分) 小題 得分 對(duì)錯(cuò) 學(xué)生答案 Correct 1. 0 (未答) genetic 2. 0 (未答) intact 3. 0 (未答) multiply 4. 0 (未答) process 5. 0 (未答) generated 6. 0 (未答) mount 7. 0 (未答) regulate 8. 0 (未答) banning 9. 0 (未答) claim 10. 0 (未答) pursue Subtotal: 0 Part 5 Reading Comprehension (Multiple Choice)(每小題：2 分) Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. It seems that the art of survivalor continual positive projectionin the world of popular music these days, depends very much on change. If artists fail to recreate their image over and over againthey risk facing criticisms of dullness; that they are not fashionable.This phenomenon applies especially to the female ranks. It is not enough for an artist to be beautiful and sexy. These characteristics too must be changed often, and remodeled to avoid being bogged down by a stereotype.One example of the rock n roll