江蘇省紅螞蟻教育咨詢中心中考英語 知識點總結(jié)4(1).doc

知識點總結(jié)【知識梳理】 5i. 重點短語1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on 11. at times 12. ring sb. up 13. happy new year! 14. have a party 15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready 18. at the moment19. take out 20.the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42. fall asleep43. again and again 44. look over45. take exerciseii. 重要句型1. be good for sth.2. i think 3. i hope4. i love5. i dont like6. im sure7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on ones way to13. make ones way to14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.【名師講解】1. above/ over/ on 這三個介詞都表示“在之上”，但含義不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接觸；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接觸，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接觸。試比較：there is a book on the desk.課桌上有一本書。i raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高舉過頭。there is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石橋。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘記做某事”，實際上還沒做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘記做過某事”，實際上已經(jīng)做過了。試比較：i forgot to tell him the news.我忘記告訴他這條消息了。i forgot telling him the news.我已經(jīng)把這條消息告訴他了，我卻忘了。類似的詞還有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在漢語中都有“希望”的意思，但其含義和用法有所不同。主要區(qū)別如下：(1)wish可以用來表示不可實現(xiàn)的愿望；hope只能用來表示可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。例如：i wish i were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年輕二十歲。 i hope youll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起來。i wish the weather wasnt so cold. 但愿天氣不這麼冷。i hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能來。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)，而hope不可以。例如：do you wish me to come back later? 你是否希望我再來？4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用來表示說話人給對方提出要求，意思是“務(wù)必”，也可以用來表示說話人做出的推斷，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：be sure to lock the door when you leave.你離開時務(wù)必把門鎖好。its a good film. you are sure to enjoy it.這是一部好電影，你肯定會喜歡的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth. 可用來表示“某人對某事有把握”。例如：im sure of his success.我相信他會成功。i think it was three years ago, but im not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我沒有把握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“聽到”，從哪里聽到要用from來表示。例如：ive heard from xiao wu that well start out military training tomorrow.我聽小吳說，我們明天開始軍訓(xùn)。listen to the tape and write out what you hear from han mei.聽錄音，并寫出你從韓梅那里聽到的內(nèi)容。hear from還有一個意思是“收到某人的來信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：i heard from my pen friend in the u.s.a. last month. 上個月我受到了美國筆友的來信。i heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的來信。hear of和和hear from含義不同。hear of 意思是“聽說”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑問句和否定句里。例如：who is he? ive never heard of him.他是誰？我從來沒有聽說過他。i never heard of such a thing! 這樣的事我從來沒有聽說過。6. its a pleasure./with pleasure.its a pleasure這句話常用作別人向你表示致謝時的答語，意思是“那是我樂意做的”。例如：-thank you for helping me. 謝謝你地幫助。-its a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。-thanks a lot. bye.非常感謝。 再見。-its a pleasure. 那是我樂意做的。再見。類似的話還有 “not at all.” “you are welcome.” “thats all right.” with pleasure也用作客氣的答語，主要用在別人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的場合。例如：-will you please pass me the newspaper, please? 請你把報紙遞給我好嗎？-with pleasure. 當然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起來”講，但seem暗示憑借一些跡象作出的有根據(jù)的判斷，這種判斷往往接近事實；look著重強調(diào)由視覺得出的印象。兩者都可跟(to be)+形容詞和as if從句。如：he seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起來很高興。it looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情況中只用seem不用look：1)后跟不定式to do時。如：he seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。2)在it seems that .結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：it seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高興些了。8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for表示“已作好的準備”，強調(diào)狀態(tài)(2)get ready to do和get ready for表示“為做準備”，強調(diào)行為。如：im ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/隨時準備做一切做你要我做的事。im ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/隨時準備回答你可能問的問題。hes getting ready to leave for tokyo.他正準備動身去東京。lets get ready for the hard moment.我們?yōu)檫@一艱難時刻作好準備吧。(3)be ready to do 通?？衫斫狻皹酚谧瞿呈隆保此枷肷峡偸怯凶瞿呈碌臏蕚?。be not ready to do表示“不輕易做某事”。如：hes usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不輕易聽從別人。9. at table/at the tableat table在吃飯，at the table在桌子旁邊。例如：the greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃飯。mr. black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布萊克先生坐在桌旁讀書。10. reach, arrive/get to 三者都有到達之意。reach是及物動詞，后直接加名詞，get和arrive是不及物動詞，不能直接加名詞，須借助于介詞。get to后加名詞地點，若跟副詞地點時，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如： lucy got to the zoo before 8 oclock. 露西8點前到了動物園。 when did your parents arrive in shanghai? 你父母何時到上海的？ it was late when i got home. 我到家時天色已晚。11. sick/ill 二者都是形容詞。當“生病的，患病“之意時，ill只作表語，不作定語；而sick既可作表語也可作定語。sick有嘔吐，惡心的意思，只能作表語，而ill無此意。如： li lei was ill last week. (只作表語)李磊上周生病了。 hes a sick man. （作定語）他是病人。不能說成：hes an ill man. my grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表語）我祖父去年病了一個 月。12. in time/on time in time是及時的意思，on time是準時，按時。如：i didnt get to the bus stop in time. 我沒有及時趕上汽車。well finish our job on time. 我們要按時完成任務(wù)。13. may be/maybe it may be in your inside pocket. = maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也許在你里邊的口袋里。第一句中may be是情態(tài)動詞+be 動詞構(gòu)成的謂語部分，意思是也許是，可能是；第二句中的maybe是副詞，意思是可能，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相當于另一副詞perhaps。再如： maybe you put it in that bag.也許你放在了那只包里。（不能說you maybe put itin that bag.）it may be a hat.那可能是頂帽子。（不能說it maybe a hat. 或it maybe is a hat.）14. noise/ voice/ sound noise 指嘈雜聲，噪音大的吵雜聲。voice是指說話的聲音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是