高考英語 重難增分篇 第二講 非謂語動(dòng)詞課件 新人教版.ppt

第二講非謂語動(dòng)詞第一課時(shí)知識過關(guān)課 李仕才 復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞還需掌握以下幾點(diǎn) 1 句法作用 除謂語外的其他成分 2 時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 以do為例 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的判斷方法 3 非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語 4 有特殊要求的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語 1 有的動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式而不能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語 如ask demand 要求 plan intend mean 計(jì)劃 manage do tryone sbest makeanattempt learn 學(xué)習(xí) wish hope desire expect long want wouldlike shouldlike wouldprefer 希望 愿意 agree promise 同意 decide determine choose makeadecision makeupone smind 決定 offer 主動(dòng)提出 apply 申請 help 幫助 fail 不能 沒有 prepare 準(zhǔn)備 pretend 假裝 refuse 拒絕 happen 碰巧 afford 負(fù)擔(dān)得起 等 2 有的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后只能用動(dòng)名詞而不能接不定式 如allow permit 允許 consider 考慮 suggest advise 建議 keep on 反復(fù) 不停 finish 完成 imagine 想象 practise 練習(xí) understand 明白 appreciate enjoy 喜歡 miss 錯(cuò)過 懷念 prevent 阻止 forbid 禁止 escape 避免 include 包括 forgive pardon excuse 原諒 dislike 厭惡 discuss 討論 report 報(bào)道 admit 承認(rèn) mind 介意 risk 冒險(xiǎn) can tstand 不能忍受 burstout 突然開始 feellike 想要 insiston 堅(jiān)持 delay 推遲 延誤 putoff 推遲 giveup 放棄 bebusy 忙于 beworth 值得 等 3 下列動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞后接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同 remembertodo 記住去做 rememberdoing 記得做過 forgettodo 忘記去做 forgetdoing 忘記做過 regrettodo 遺憾地做 regretdoing 后悔做了 trytodo 設(shè)法做 trydoing 試做 goontodo 接著做另一事 goondoing 繼續(xù)做同一事 meantodo 打算做 meandoing 意味著 stoptodo 停下來去做 stopdoing 停止做 can thelptodo 不能幫助做 can thelpdoing 情不自禁做 4 在介詞后一般用動(dòng)名詞 下面是一些含介詞的固定句式 其中有的介詞有時(shí)會(huì)被省略 prevent stop keep fromdoing 阻止 做 spend wastetimeormoneyindoing 在做 方面花費(fèi) 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢 how whataboutdoingsth 做 怎么樣 havesomedifficulty troubleindoing 在做 方面有些困難 haveahardtimeindoingsth 做某事很艱難 thereisnosenseindoing 做 是沒有理由 道理的 thank excuse admire praise blame scold punishsbfordoingsth 因做某事而感謝 原諒 羨慕 表揚(yáng) 責(zé)備 責(zé)罵 懲罰某人 等 5 to是介詞的固定詞組很多 常見的有 lookforwardto 盼望 devote to bedevotedto 致力于 be getusedto 習(xí)慣 leadto 導(dǎo)致 getdownto 開始認(rèn)真 payattentionto 注意 referto 談到 pointto 指向 turnto 轉(zhuǎn)向 objectto 反對 beequalto 等于 能勝任 belongto 屬于 等 6 在表示 需要 的need want require等后用v ing的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義 此時(shí)也可用不定式的被動(dòng)式 7 在make let have 使 讓 等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓補(bǔ)的不定式要省略不定式符號to 但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)后作主補(bǔ)時(shí)要加上to 在hear see watch等感官動(dòng)詞后 作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) 用原形表示動(dòng)作全過程 用現(xiàn)在分詞表示當(dāng)時(shí)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生 若是被動(dòng)語態(tài) 原形前要加上to 此外 表示情感的動(dòng)詞 其分詞作形容詞用時(shí) v ing表示 令人 的 事物 v ed表示 感到 的 如 surprising令人吃驚的 事物 surprised 人 感到吃驚的 讀語篇 悟語法 反復(fù)朗讀下列短文 留意領(lǐng)悟黑體畫線的非謂語動(dòng)詞 思考 是哪類非謂語動(dòng)詞 在句中作什么成分 goodafternoon ladiesandgentlemen itisagreathonorformetointroduce 1 thisenglishspeechcontest asweallknow tomaster 2 aforeignlanguageisveryimportantforus takingpart 3 inenglishspeechisahelpfulwaytolearnenglish 4 everyonewantstoshow 5 theirbest whenwehavebeenpreparingforit wecanimproveourlisteningandspeaking 6 ability developing 7 agoodhabitoflearningenglish 8 intheprocessofthecompetition youshouldpayattentiontotherulesmadebyus 9 first youshouldmakeyourvoiceheard 10 clearlybyeveryone soreadingaloud 11 isverynecessary second youshouldtryyourbesttoexpress 12 yourselfinenglishfluently finally youshouldfinishyourspeechinfiveminutes iamsuretheenglishspeechcompetitionwillbeagreatsuccessandtheaudiencewillfeelsatisfied 13 withourperformance thankyou 1 tointroducethisenglishspeechcontest是不定式作真正的主語 it是形式主語 2 tomasteraforeignlanguage也是不定式作主語 3 takingpartinenglishspeech是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語 4 tolearnenglish是不定式作定語 修飾way 5 toshowtheirbest是不定式作賓語 在want hope decide等動(dòng)詞后 若用動(dòng)詞作賓語 只能用不定式 6 listeningandspeaking是動(dòng)名詞作定語 修飾ability 表示類別 7 developingagoodhabitoflearningenglish是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語 8 learningenglish是動(dòng)名詞短語作介詞of的賓語 9 madebyus是過去分詞短語作后置定語 10 heardclearlybyeveryone是過去分詞短語作賓補(bǔ) 11 readingaloud是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語 12 toexpressyourselfinenglishfluently是不定式作目的狀語 13 satisfied是過去分詞作形容詞 在句中作表語 意為 感到滿意的 單句填空 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday wear sunglasses 2 inoticedaman sit atthefront 3 hespatitout say itwasawful 4 shewishedthathewasaseasy please ashermother whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume 5 forexample theproverb pluckingupacrop help itgrow isbasedonthefollowingstory wearing sitting saying toplease tohelp 6 simonmadeabigbamboobox keep thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly 7 hisfirstbook publish nextmonthisbasedonatruestory 8 lydiadoesn tfeellike study abroad herparentsareold 9 sarahpretendedtobecheerful say nothingabouttheargument 10 ihadgreatdifficulty find thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant 11 itrainedheavilyinthesouth cause seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces 12 thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand weigh lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat tokeep tobepublished studying saying finding causing weighing 13 ican tstand work withjaneinthesameoffice shejustrefuses stop talkingwhilesheworks 14 asaresultoftheseriousflood two thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed repair 15 isn tittimeyougotdownto mark thepapers 16 mr reedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto set upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren 17 tsinghuauniversity found in1911 ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures working tostop repairing toberepaired marking setting founded 18 lijianputupapictureofyaomingbesidethebedtokeephimself remind ofhisowndreams 19 offer animportantroleinanewmovie andyhadgotachancetobecomefamous 20 clairehadherluggage check anhourbeforeherplaneleft 21 alexandertriedtogethiswork recognize inthemedicalcircles 22 agreatnumberofstudents question saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano reminded offered checked recognized questioned 單句改錯(cuò) 下列每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤 每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加 刪除或修改 請指出并改正 動(dòng)詞不定式 1 hemanagedescapefromthefire 2 nothingwillmakemetochangemymind 3 marydoesn thavetobemadelearnbecauseshealwaysworkshard 4 hehurriedtothetrainstation onlyfindthetrainhadgone 5 tiredfromwork hewantstodonothingbuttowatchtv 6 atpresent ihavenochoicebutwait 在manage后加to 去掉to 在bemade后加to 在find前加to 去掉watch前的to 在but后加to 7 youfeelstressedout whynothavingachatwithourteachers 8 idon tthinkitpossibletomasteringaforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork 9 i veworkedwithchildrenbefore soiknowwhatexpectinmynewjob 10 allofyoucanhaveanothertryifyouwant having have mastering master 在expect前加to 在want后加to 11 inourcity therearealotofrestaurantsthatservingwesternfood 12 youcan timaginehowexciteditistolistentotopscientistssharetheirpredictiononwhattheworldwillbelikeinacentury 13 sitbesideme mybeloveddaughtergavemeavividdescriptionofwhatsheexperiencedinherdream 14 wewerekepttowaitingforquitealongtimebeforethehostturnedup 15 onthedragonboatfestival wesawtheseashorecrowdedwithpeoplewatchedthedragonboatrace 動(dòng)詞 ing形式 去掉that serving serve excited exciting sit sitting 去掉waiting前的to watched watching 16 itisnogoodcopytheanswerwithouttryingtounderstandit 17 missingthetrainmeanwaitingforanotherhour 18 themajorityofthepeoplequestionedinanonlinesurveyareopposedtoincreaseretirementage 19 asasenior3studentpreparingforthecomingtest hespendsmostofhistimeimprovethisproblem solvingability 20 itisreportedthatthehurricanecausedgreatdamagetotheconstructionsofthetown withtensofhundredsofhousesdestroyedbythefallentrees copy copying mean means increase increasing improve improving fallen falling 21 nowwhenpeoplerefertoenglandyoufindwalesincludingaswell 22 exhausting islidintobedandfellfastasleep 23 thepaintingsbeingstolenfromthemuseumhaven tbeenfound 24 themurdererwasbroughtin withhishandstyingbehind 25 mr smith tiredoftheboredspeech startedtoreadanovel 26 seeingfromthespace theearthlooksblue 動(dòng)詞 ed形式 including included exhausting exhausted 去掉stolen前的being tying tied bored boring seeing seen 27 thearchitectsinvitingbythekingthoughthighlyofthebridgebuilt andgavemoresuggestionsbeforeitwasfinished 28 keepinrefrigerator thesevegetableswillremainfresh 29 doyouthinktheworkerscangetthejobfinishingontime 30 wehearitsayfrequentlythatwhatnowpeoplemostdesireissecurity inviting invited 在built前加being keep kept finishing finished say said 語篇填空 用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空 1 fall inlovewithabeautifullady alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2 marry hertohim theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay not3 hope togivetheirdaughtertothelion theydidnotwant4 anger thekingofbeasts atlastthefathersaid weareglad5 marry ourdaughtertoyou butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther so6 remove yourclawsandteeth youcanmarryher 7 love theladyverymuch theliontrimmed 修剪 hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth 8 come totheparentsagain hewassimplylaughedinhisface 9 beat outofthehouse thelionfelt10 depress anddiedsoon 語篇導(dǎo)讀 這是一則有深刻意義的寓言故事 寓意 有些人輕易相信別人的話 拋棄自己的長處 結(jié)果輕而易舉地被原來害怕自己的人擊敗了 1 falling alion與fall是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 用v ing形式作狀語 表示原因 2 tomarry asksbtodosth 不定式作賓補(bǔ) 3 hoping they與hope是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 用v ing形式作狀語 表示讓步 相當(dāng)于althoughtheydidn thopeto 4 toanger want后只能用不定式作賓語 意為 不想激怒百獸之王 5 tomarry 在作表語的形容詞glad后作狀語 表示原因 只能用不定式 6 removing you與remove是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 用v ing形式作狀語 表示條件 相當(dāng)于ifyouremove 7 loving thelion與love是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 用v ing形式作狀語 表示原因 8 coming he與come是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 用v ing形式作伴隨狀語 9 beaten thelion與beat是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 用v ed形式作狀語 表示原因 10 depressed 表示獅子 感到沮喪的 用v ed形式作表語 第二課時(shí)高考研究課 非謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 4步法 輕松搞定語法填空 第一步 利用 有無連詞 原則確定是謂語還是非謂語分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 判斷出句子的主干 主語和謂語 如果題線處作謂語 則要用謂語動(dòng)詞 如果題線處不作謂語 則要用非謂語動(dòng)詞 第二步 根據(jù)句意和作用確定句子成分根據(jù)句意和題線處在句子中的位置和作用 確定其所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?從而確定空格內(nèi)所需填入的非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 第三步 根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定語態(tài)如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語之間為主謂關(guān)系 則用v ing形式或不定式的主動(dòng)式 若為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 則用v ing形式的被動(dòng)式 不定式的被動(dòng)式或過去分詞 第四步 根據(jù)與謂語動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系確定時(shí)態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前用過去分詞或不定式的完成式 如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后用不定式或v ing形式的一般式 1 thisincludeddigginguptheroad lay thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop 2017 全國卷 2 fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet theyarerequired process thefoodthatweeat torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions 2017 全國卷 laying laying和句中的diggingup building并列 作include的賓語 真題驗(yàn)證1 toprocess requiresbtodosth要求某人做某事 3 fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt by eat morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet 2017 全國卷 4 butunlikeherschoolfriends 16 year oldsarahisnotspendinghalf term rest instead sheisearning 6 500adayasamodelinnewyork 2017 全國卷 eating by在此處表示 通過 是介詞 后接動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語 resting spendtime in doing花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事 為固定句型 5 butsarah whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels wants prove thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty 2017 全國卷 6 sixteenyearsearlier pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring cook ameal 2017 浙江卷 toprove 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 此處應(yīng)該使用不定式作動(dòng)詞want的賓語 tocook 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 本句已有謂語動(dòng)詞remove 故此處用不定式作目的狀語 7 myambassadorialdutieswillinclude introduce britishvisitorstothe120 pluspandasatchengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofbifengxia 2016 全國卷 8 ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice you llbelesslikely bring yourworkhome 2016 全國卷 introducing 動(dòng)名詞introducing作include的賓語 tobring belikelytodo 有可能做 為固定句型 9 inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto aircondition ahousewithout use electricequipment 2015 全國卷 10 whenanewdaybreaks thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough cool thehouseduringthehotday 2015 全國卷 using 介詞后常常用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語 tocool be adj enoughtodo足夠 可以做 為固定句型 11 abercrombie kent atravelcompanyinhongkong saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople live inshanghaiandhongkong 2015 全國卷 12 yangshuoisreallybeautiful astudyoftravelers conduct bythewebsitetripadvisornamesyangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld 2015 全國卷 living live和people之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系 故用現(xiàn)在分詞 conducted conduct與其所修飾的名稱study構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系 故用過去分詞作后置定語 非謂語動(dòng)詞在短文改錯(cuò)中的考查點(diǎn) 1 正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 如果句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞 那么另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在無連詞的情況下要改為非謂語動(dòng)詞 2 根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中所作成分 句式的特殊要求 判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式 3 確定非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關(guān)系還是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 4 牢記一些常用搭配 5 介詞后常常使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語 規(guī)律方法 1 ishowedthemiwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes 2016 全國卷 2 afterlooksatthetoyforsometime heturnedaroundandfoundhisparentsweremissing 2015 全國卷 3 we vebeenspendingalotoftimesinginkaraokebars 2015 四川卷 真題驗(yàn)證2 wear wearing 介詞后應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語 looks looking 介詞后應(yīng)使用動(dòng)名詞作賓語 sing singing spendtime in doing 為固定句型 4 ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview 2015 浙江卷 5 oneeveningatsunset wesatbythefire haveourbarbecue 陜西卷 6 haveteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner whichmightnotbeserveduntil8o clockatnight 全國卷 sit sitting enjoy后常常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語 have having 句中謂語動(dòng)詞為sat 且句中無連詞 故have應(yīng)該改為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語 have having 謂語動(dòng)詞為provides 根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知 其前應(yīng)該為主語 故用動(dòng)名詞having作主語 第三課時(shí)寫作增分課 非謂語動(dòng)詞在寫作中的增分點(diǎn)一 用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語寫句子 1 如果你想上一個(gè)好的大學(xué) 學(xué)好英語是一件必須做的事情 beadmittedtoakeycollege learnenglishwell amust 也可用tolearn 用learning時(shí)句子表達(dá)的是一般常識 用tolearn you指的是具體的一個(gè)人 learningenglishwellisamustifyouwanttobeadmittedtoakeycollege 2 經(jīng)常鍛煉身體不僅對我們的健康有好處 還可以使我們學(xué)習(xí)更高效 takeexerciseregularly doalotofgoodto learnmoreeffectively 3 現(xiàn)在輟學(xué)不是個(gè)好主意 你以后會(huì)后悔的 dropoutofschool regret takingexerciseregularlywilldoalotofgoodtoourhealth whichcanalsohelpuslearn moreeffectively todropoutofschoolnowisnotagoodidea forwhichyouwillregretinthefuture 二 用非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語寫句子1 我的愛好是聽音樂和踢足球 hobby 2 我的職責(zé)是照看所有這些花 duty takecareof 3 我的夢想是上重點(diǎn)大學(xué) dream gotoakeycollege myhobbiesarelisteningtomusicandplayingfootball mydutyistakingcareofalltheseflowers mydreamistogotoakeycollege 三 用不定式作賓語 動(dòng)名詞作賓語寫句子1 我下決心盡我最大努力來趕上別人 determine doone sbest catchupwithothers 2 由于下雨 我沒能按時(shí)到達(dá)那里 becauseof fail 3 我向我們的老師求助 他建議我每天練習(xí)說英語 turntosomebodyforhelp suggest practice speakenglish ideterminedtotrymybesttocatchupwithothers becauseoftherain ifailedtogetthereontime iturnedtoourteacherforhelp andhesuggestedpracticingspeakingenglisheveryday 4 為什么不試著坐火車去旅行呢 坐火車既舒適又安全 whynot trydoing comfortableandsafe 5 我想集中注意力學(xué)習(xí) 但我整天總是情不自禁地想起這個(gè)事 concentrateon can thelp keeponthinkingaboutit 6 除去向你求助 我別無選擇 havenochoice but turnto whynottrytravellingonatrain it scomfortableandsafe itrytoconcentrateonmystudies butican thelpkeepingonthinkingaboutitallday ihavenochoicebuttoturntoyouforhelp ihavenothingtodobutturntoyouforhelp 7 我盼望快點(diǎn)收到你的來信 lookforwardto hearfrom 8 當(dāng)談到學(xué)英語 每個(gè)人都有自己的方法 whenitcomesto method iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon whenitcomestolearningenglish everyonehashisownmethod 四 用非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語寫句子1 解決這個(gè)問題的最好辦法是依靠你自己 thebestway solvetheproblem dependon 2 有許多人認(rèn)為學(xué)生在學(xué)校不應(yīng)帶手機(jī) therebe take withthematschool 3 仍有許多問題有待解決 therebe remaintobedone thebestwaytosolvetheproblemistodependonyourself therearemanypeoplethinkingthatstudentsshouldn ttakecellphoneswiththematschool therearemanyproblemsremainingtobesolved 4 我寫信申請昨天 中國日報(bào) 上所登廣告的那個(gè)職位 applyfortheposition advertise 5 三分之二被采訪的學(xué)生說他們贊成這個(gè)主意 twothirds interview infavorof iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionadvertisedinyesterday schinadaily twothirdsofthestudentsinterviewedsaytheyareinfavoroftheidea 五 使用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 輕松寫高級句式1 因此 他這次考試考得非常好 在班級排第一名 asaresult rankfirst 2 我相信 你要趕上別人 不會(huì)有什么困難 havetrouble catchupwith 3 每節(jié)課你都應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)真聽講 盡力不要錯(cuò)過任何要點(diǎn) listenwithfullattention tryto missanypoint asaresult hedidverywellintheexam rankingfirstinhisclass iamsureyouwillhavenotroublecatchingupwithothers ineverylesson youshouldlistenwithfullattention tryingnottomissanypoint 4 我每天夜里睡得都很晚 在為即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備 stayuplate makepreparationsfor thecomingexams 5 再給我一次機(jī)會(huì) 我會(huì)做得更好 givemeanotherchance 6 面對這樣一個(gè)問題 我不知道該怎么辦 facing facedwith ataloss istayeduplateeverynight makingpreparationsforthecomingexams givenanotherchance icandobetter givemeanotherchance andicandobetter facedwith facingsuchaproblem iamatalosswhattodo 六 使用非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語寫句子1 在你離開的時(shí)候 不要讓 自來 水流著 leavethewaterrunning 2 我將派人去機(jī)場接你 havesomeonedosomething pickup 3 我們要求采取更多的措施來阻止這樣的事情再次發(fā)生 askmoreto prevent from don tleavethewaterrunningwhenyouleave iwillhavesomeonepickyouupattheairport weaskmoretobedonetopreventsuchthingsfromhappeningagain 七 用非謂語動(dòng)詞的完成式 進(jìn)行式 被動(dòng)式和否定