英語翻譯技巧總.doc

英語學(xué)習(xí)：英語長句的翻譯技巧英語學(xué)習(xí)：英語長句的翻譯技巧長句一般指的是各種復(fù)雜句，復(fù)雜句里可能有多個從句，從句與從句之間的關(guān)系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。所以翻譯長句，實際上我們的重點主要放在對各種從句的 上。從功能來說，有三大復(fù)合句，即:名詞性從句，包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句;形容詞性從句，即我們平常所說的定語從句;狀語從句正確英語句子是者必須解決的問題.對于一些結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的難句,我們應(yīng)當(dāng)使用技巧使其簡單化.一般來說,可以使用順序法、逆序法、分句法和插入語靈活翻譯法.這些句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，邏輯性強，起來困難相當(dāng)大。但是，無論多長的句子、多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，找出整個句子的中心內(nèi)容及其各層意思，然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再按漢語的特點和表達(dá)方式就可以譯出原文了。在長句的英譯漢實踐中，我們始終應(yīng)記住英漢在句法結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異，不必拘泥于形式.請大家練習(xí)翻譯下面句子！1.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations. 1.野生禽類和許多其他動物每年的遷徙，當(dāng)然不能被看做是一種探險行為，因為，這些遷徙活動實際上只是從一個棲息地轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個棲息地，以躲避氣候的季節(jié)性變化。2.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics; can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldnt traditionally have; can improve the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentallyfriendly fertilizers.2. 轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的倡導(dǎo)者指出，用生物技術(shù)生產(chǎn)食物有很多益處：它能加速作物和牲畜的生長速度，并使它們具有所要求的特點；它可以給食物增添以往不具備的特征；可以改進食物的營養(yǎng)價值；可以生產(chǎn)出廉價、環(huán)保效果更好的肥料。3.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance and nonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positive responses, and arriving early.3.前階段包括寫一封確認(rèn)函、集中注意自己的儀表和非語言行為、準(zhǔn)備好自己的資料、設(shè)想一些問題以及對這些問題的正面回答、早到面試地點。4.Based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific job data.5.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae.6.They predict that a complete understanding of the human genetic code would provide untold benefits for humanity, for example, those abilities to diagnose, cure, and eventually prevent many diseases caused by faulty genes.7 .In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed by the ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government can reserve the power to modify or terminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.8.In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, some developing countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements, specifying that the agreements will be governed by “general principles of law recognized by civilized nationsa set of legal principles or rules shared by the worlds major legal systems.9.And not only is it technically impossible to censor current content of the Internet, but the Internet is set to explode exponentially in the indefinite future, with there being literally millions of changes and additions to web content on a daily basis.10. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects-a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen-is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.譯文 4. 在明確這些目標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上，將自己設(shè)想為面試你的人，在以下三個方面為自己設(shè)想出一些問題以及這些問題的答案：公司數(shù)據(jù)信息，個人信息，有關(guān)某份工作的特定信息。5.但是，毫無疑問，正是由于在申請工作的過程中具有大學(xué)學(xué)歷的人數(shù)增加，使得簡歷更加重要。6.他們預(yù)計，對人體基因編碼的全面認(rèn)識將給人類帶來無法言喻的利益，例如，使人類能夠診斷、治療并最終預(yù)防基因缺陷造成的很多疾病。7.在美國和英國，ZZZZZ合同受普通合同法的約束，因此，ZZZZZ只能通過將自己的權(quán)力寫進合同的方式，來保留單方面更改或終止合同的權(quán)力.8.為了使經(jīng)濟開發(fā)協(xié)議對投資者更具吸引力，有些發(fā)展中國家企圖提高協(xié)議的安全性，規(guī)定這些協(xié)議受“文明國家公認(rèn)的總法律原則”的約束，這些原則由世界幾個主要法律體系所共有的一套原則和規(guī)范組成。9.而且，不僅從技術(shù)上無法審查因特網(wǎng)目前的內(nèi)容，而且因特網(wǎng)的設(shè)立意味著信息內(nèi)容在未來會以指數(shù)激增，每天改變或增加的網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息內(nèi)容簡直將達(dá)幾百萬條。10.盡管它裁決并沒有憲法權(quán)利來支持醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺行為，最高法院實際上支持了被稱為雙重效果的醫(yī)療原則；這個已有幾個世紀(jì)歷史的道德原則認(rèn)為一個可能有兩個效果的行為-一個想要達(dá)到的好的效果和一個已經(jīng)預(yù)見到的有害的效果是被允許的，如果行為的實施者想要的只是好的效果的話。英語翻譯技巧：經(jīng)典長句翻譯這些句子摘自大學(xué)課本，都是很好的寫作操練材料，對考生的 詞句規(guī)范化很有幫助。反復(fù)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞語，然后通過漢譯英的反復(fù)的回譯操練，直至以后英語寫作中想到相關(guān)漢語就能出現(xiàn)對應(yīng)表達(dá)的程度。1 Do you often go online chatting with strangers? Everyday, millions of people, especially the young, are online chatting with friends or with strangers. 你經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)閑聊嗎？每天有數(shù)百萬人，尤其年輕人，在網(wǎng)上與網(wǎng)友或陌生人聊天。2 The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology, which will definitely contribute to the economic growth of our country. 載人航天飛機神州五號的成功發(fā)射及返回既是國家榮譽的一個象征，也是先進的科技能力的標(biāo)志，這對我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展無疑會產(chǎn)生促進作用。3 We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries. Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher education because of insufficient educational facilities. 我們都知道，中國還是一個發(fā)展中的國家，其教育水平仍然落后于發(fā)達(dá)國家。不少中國年青人由于教育設(shè)施的匱乏而得不到接受高等教育的機會。4 They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russias icy defender proved them wrong. 人道是驕兵必敗。就拿拿破侖和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）來說吧，他們所想披靡，便以為自己戰(zhàn)無不勝，不可阻擋。但俄羅斯的冰雪戰(zhàn)士證明他們錯了。5 Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in (affects) his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning around 100 thousand dollars a year in a computer software company. He told me that, from his own experience, those who can decide whether an applicant could be employed prefer people who are well prepared. 常言道，好的開端是成功的一半。在時，求職者事先做好充分的準(zhǔn)備是非常重要的。我認(rèn)為，事先做不做準(zhǔn)備常常會影響求職者的成功機會。我有一個朋友在一家計算機軟件公司供職，年薪十萬美元左右。他根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)歷告訴我說，那些對未來雇員具有錄用決定權(quán)的人喜歡有充分準(zhǔn)備的人。6 I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First, extensive reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learnt into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. 我認(rèn)為總結(jié)一下學(xué)習(xí)英語的經(jīng)驗是值得一試的。這里，我想談?wù)勅齻€相關(guān)的問題。首先，大量閱讀應(yīng)被視作學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重點，因為我們是通過閱讀獲取最大量語言輸入的。其次，盡可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。大腦中儲存了大量很好的文章，我們在用英語表達(dá)自己思想的時候，就會覺得容易多了。最后，我們應(yīng)把所學(xué)到的東西用到實踐中去，這是至關(guān)重要的。通過多讀、多寫、多聽、多說，我們就能完成提高英語水平的任務(wù)。7 Is America going to decline like other great powers (nations) in history ? The author thinks not, arguing that the type of society created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it. Read what he has to say and see whether you agree. 美國是否會如同歷史上其他強國一樣走向衰亡？作者持否定態(tài)度，認(rèn)為美國創(chuàng)建的社會模式不同于任何已出現(xiàn)的社會模式。讀一讀他的觀點，看看你是否同意。8 More than a decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few, but now it is very common. The rapid spread of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the great miracles of our time. 十幾年前，手機只是少數(shù)人才能使用的奢侈品，但現(xiàn)在手機已很普遍。手機的快速普及也許是我們時代的偉大奇跡之一。9 Some people seem easy to understand：their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I dont know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people, the more they puzzle me. 有些人似乎容易了解：他們的個性在初次交往時就表露無遺。然而，外表可能具有欺騙性。三十年來，我一直在研究我的人類同胞，但至今了解不多。每當(dāng)有人跟我說他對一個人的首次印象向來不錯的時候，我就聳聳肩。我想這種人不是無知，就是自大。就我而言，我覺得，認(rèn)識一個人的越長，就越覺得困惑。(be ignorant or self-righteous；self-centered; self-confident; self-discipline; self-educated; self-employed; self-esteem; selfish)10 As the pace of life in todays world grows ever faster, we seem forever on the go. With so much to do and so little time to do it in, how are we to cope? Dr. Smith sets about untangling the problem and comes up with an answer. 隨著當(dāng)今世界生活節(jié)奏日益加快，我們似乎一直在不停奔忙。事情那么多，時間卻那么少，我們該怎么辦？史密斯博士著手解決這一問題，并提出了解決方法。11 In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life. 在美國，不少人對鄉(xiāng)村生活懷有浪漫的想象，許多居住在城鎮(zhèn)的人夢想著自己辦個農(nóng)場，夢想著靠土地為生。很少有人真去把夢想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實?；蛟S這也沒有什么不好，因為，正如吉姆多而第當(dāng)初開始其寫作和農(nóng)場經(jīng)營雙重生涯時所體驗到的那樣，農(nóng)耕生活遠(yuǎn)非輕松自在。但他寫到，自己并不后悔，對自己做出的改變生活方式的決定仍然熱情不減。12 Professor Huntingtons paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural society we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and look at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Huntington教授的論文使我深受啟發(fā)。他認(rèn)為，在一個多元化(plural)社會里，不同意見是不可避免的。關(guān)鍵在于怎樣正確對待不同意見，使之發(fā)揮建設(shè)性、而非破壞性的作用。他還說，在一個多元化（plural）社會里，我們必須重視人際關(guān)系，強調(diào)合作，多從他人視角考慮問題。如果某些群體自視高人一籌，不尊重其他種族或宗教，那么整個社會有可能陷入癱瘓。我相信，要是我們把上述想法付諸實踐，那我們就有可能創(chuàng)造出一種新的文明。13 Making a living as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin, both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face. Bill Porter puts up with all this and much, much more. 干挨家挨戶上門推銷這一營生得臉皮厚，這是因為干這一行不僅要經(jīng)受風(fēng)吹日曬，還要承受一次又一次的閉門羹。比爾.波特忍受著這一切，以及別的種種折磨。14 When children take up ways of making a living that differ greatly from their parents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is what Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and ambitions from his father. Here he writes about how this affected their relationship. 當(dāng)子女的謀生方式與父母大相徑庭時，很容易產(chǎn)生觀念上的差異。這正是Alfred的發(fā)現(xiàn)。他在一個建筑工人的家庭里長大，他所受的教育使他產(chǎn)生了不同于父親的興趣和抱負(fù)。他在本文中敘述了這一差異如何影響著他們的父子關(guān)系。翻譯技巧：如何提高英語翻譯技巧是把一種語言文字的意義用另一種語言文字表達(dá)出來的一種創(chuàng)造性的語言活動。翻譯能力的提高是一個長期實踐和不斷積累的過程。從事英文護理文獻(xiàn) 的朋友，特別是初學(xué)者，要想提高自己的能力，應(yīng)該在以下幾個方面多下功夫。1.加強自身基本素養(yǎng)所謂基本素養(yǎng)，是指者必須具備的基本條件，亦即對翻譯者的基本要求。除了應(yīng)該具有高尚的“譯德譯風(fēng)”和嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真、一絲不茍的科學(xué)態(tài)度之外，譯者必須具備三方面的素養(yǎng)，即一定的英語水平、較高的漢語修養(yǎng)和豐富的學(xué)科專業(yè)知識。量的翻譯實踐表明，這三方面的素養(yǎng)越高，越能順利地完成工作。關(guān)于英語水平，應(yīng)注意打牢基礎(chǔ)，擴量，廣泛閱讀，最好能聽、說、讀、寫、譯五方面訓(xùn)練同時并進，較之單攻能更快提高英語水平。在漢語修養(yǎng)方面，應(yīng)加強、邏輯、修辭等方面知識的研修，多、多些、多練習(xí)修改文章。在學(xué)科專業(yè)知識方面，要努力精通本職業(yè)務(wù)，多了解相關(guān)專業(yè)知識；經(jīng)常閱覽國內(nèi)、外護理專業(yè)期刊，掌握學(xué)科發(fā)展動態(tài)。2.在翻譯實踐中錘煉是一項創(chuàng)造性的語言活動，具有很強的實踐性。不通過量的實踐而要提高翻譯能力，無異于想學(xué)游泳卻又不下水一樣。當(dāng)然，實踐也要講究科學(xué)性。初學(xué)者若無行家里手的指點，最好是先找一些難度切合自己水平且有漢語譯文的材料進行練習(xí)。自己的譯文寫成后同人家的譯文相對照。先看看自己在理解方面是否準(zhǔn)確，其次看看自己的表達(dá)是否符合漢語的語言習(xí)慣，從中找到不足。隨著水平的提高，可找些比較簡單的本專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識方面的文章進行翻譯，以后逐步過渡到英文護理文獻(xiàn)的翻譯。堅持循序漸進多多投稿，定會果實累累。在允許的情況下，最好能堅持每天都多少搞點翻譯。隨著時間的推移，一定會有長進。3.向他人學(xué)習(xí)并勇于創(chuàng)新初學(xué)的同志一方面可多讀些英漢對照類閱讀材料或有漢語注釋的讀物；另一方面還可根據(jù)譯文類雜志上提供的某篇譯文的原文出處去查找到相應(yīng)的原文，繼而進行對照閱讀。通過對比分析，可以找出自己的差距，學(xué)習(xí)和吸收他人在理解原文精神和翻譯表達(dá)等方面的長處，促進翻譯能力的提高。如果是自己選材進行翻譯，當(dāng)遇到問題難以解決時，要虛心向他人求教。另外經(jīng)常閱讀一些有關(guān)翻譯技巧的書籍，也有助于能力的提高。與此同時，還要有敢于創(chuàng)新的精神。在翻譯過程中，既不能拘泥于別人提供的譯文，也不能受囿于以往形成的條條框框。隨著翻譯能力的不斷提高，可以根據(jù)翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求去創(chuàng)造新的表現(xiàn)手法，進一步完善翻譯工作。綜上所述，有志于從事英文護理文獻(xiàn)翻譯的朋友，特別是初涉領(lǐng)地的青年朋友，應(yīng)不斷加強自身素質(zhì)修養(yǎng)，只要勇于實踐，在翻譯的田園里辛勤耕耘，翻譯能力就會不斷提高，一定能結(jié)出豐碩之果。翻譯：口譯必備十個經(jīng)典句型1. leave sb the choice of . or . 要么，要么 （選擇類經(jīng)典句）Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us the choice of brave resistance or the most abject submission.敵人冷酷無情/鐵石心腸，我們要么頑強抵抗，要么屈膝投降。 The age of 30s leaves you the choice of marriage or remaining a bachelor.年過三十，要么成婚，要么單身。2. be the instrument of sth 引來某事物的人或事 （使動類經(jīng)典句）The eyes of all our countrymen are now upon us, and we shall have the blessings and praises, if happily we are the instruments of saving them from the tyranny meditated against them.全國同胞都在關(guān)注我們，如果我們有幸能夠拯救他們脫離強加于身的暴政，那將得到他們的祝福和贊頌。The organization he had built up eventually became the instrument of his downfall.他所建立的組織最終使他垮了臺。If I can be the instrument of your happiness, I will sacrifice all my belongings.能夠讓你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。3. it was the memory / memories of 追溯到 （回憶類經(jīng)典句）Perhaps it was the memories of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics and the 1988 Seoul Olympics, which were considered turning points in their nations development.追溯到1964年東京及1988年漢城舉辦的奧運會，可能分別被視為日韓兩國發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點It was the memory of 1945 Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered from the attacks of atomic bomb, from which originated the term of Zero Ground.追溯到1945年廣島和長崎遭受原子彈攻擊，從而形成了“零地帶”這個術(shù)語。4. on the premise / ground / prerequisite / proposition / hypothesis / presuposition that 基于一個前提 （假設(shè)類經(jīng)典句）中國政府在宣布實行和平統(tǒng)一的方針時，是基于一個前提，即當(dāng)時的臺灣當(dāng)局堅持世界上只有一個中國，臺灣是中國的一部分。The Chinese declared to implement the policy of peaceful reunification on the premise that the then Taiwan authorities maintained that there is only one China in the world and Taiwan is only one part of China.Advice to investors was based on the premise that interest rates would continue to fall.對投資者的建議是以利率會繼續(xù)下跌為根據(jù)的。5. be bound to 必定；一定 （意愿類經(jīng)典句）The Great Western Development is bound to be a bridge between China and the rest world, promoting the common economic development and prosperity of China and the world at large.西部大開發(fā)一定能成為溝通世界各國和中國的一座橋梁，促進中國和世界經(jīng)濟共同發(fā)展，共同繁榮。Just wars are bound to triumph over wars of aggression.正義戰(zhàn)爭必然要戰(zhàn)勝侵略戰(zhàn)爭。6. a matter of sth/doing sth 與有關(guān)的情況或問題（描述類經(jīng)典句）Considering the following statements, made by the same man eight years apart. Eventually, being poor wont be as much a matter of living in a poor country as it will be a matter of having poor skills.請思考一下同一個人現(xiàn)在及八年前說的話?！罢f到底，貧窮與其說是生活在貧窮的國家里，還不如說是技藝不精?！盌ealing with these problems is all a matter of experience.處理這些問題全憑經(jīng)驗。7. This is the similar case with/when 這恰如；正如；也會 （比較類經(jīng)典句）這恰如我們雖然看不懂莫扎特樂曲的總譜，卻照樣能同它的主旋律產(chǎn)生共鳴，擊節(jié)稱贊。This is the similar case when the main melody can evoke a strong echo for us to clap our hands in admiration despite our disability to understand the score of Mozarts musical pieces.除此以外，老百姓的服務(wù)性消費，如教育，信息，旅游等消費也會大量增長。Besides, this is also the case with the citizens expenditure such as education, information, traveling.8. be exemplified by 這一點也證明了；這點反映在以下事實： （舉例類經(jīng)典句）This American desire to keep the childrens world separate from that of the adult is exemplified also by the practice of delaying transmission of the news to children when their parents have been killed in an accident.如果父母在事故中喪生，人們總是晚些時候才告訴孩子們，這一點也證實了美國人想把兒童的世界和成人的世界隔離開的愿望。美國人想把兒童和成人的世界劃清界限，這一愿望還反映在以下事實：如果父母在事故中喪生，人們總是設(shè)法晚點將消息告訴他們的子女。The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. This is partly explained by the fact that people of all income groups go together to the same schools.體力勞動者在任何場合通常都相當(dāng)自在。收入檔次不同的人上同一所學(xué)校，這個事實多少說明了這一點。9. constitute （不用于進行式）是；認(rèn)為 （判斷類經(jīng)典句）History has proved eloquently that the division of labor based on equality and mutual benefit between China and USA constitutes the most reasonable and practical international relationship.歷史雄辯地說明，中美之間建立在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上的勞動分工是最為合理和實用的國際關(guān)系。My decision does not constitute a precedent.我的決定不應(yīng)視為先例。The defeat constitutes a major set-back for our diplomacy.這一失敗是我們外交上的一次較大的挫折。10. witness. 見證 （發(fā)生類經(jīng)典句）a time or event witnesses sth / sb in a particular situation or doing a particular thing.經(jīng)過二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會保持穩(wěn)定，市場經(jīng)濟體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟持續(xù)快速增長創(chuàng)造了有利的市場環(huán)境。The rapid development in the past 20-plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology in the western region of China在下一輪的會談中，我們將宣布中東地區(qū)永久?；饏f(xié)議，對此我抱有樂觀態(tài)度并充滿希望I am optimistic and hopeful that the next round of talk will witness a permanent cease-fire in the Middle East.翻譯：同聲傳譯的要求和技巧同聲傳譯的才能不是一種可望而不可及的天賦才能。常言說得好，“工夫不負(fù)有心人”。只要我們細(xì)心鉆研同傳知識和技巧，積極參與同傳強化訓(xùn)練，水到自然渠成。一、在同聲傳譯活動中對譯員的要求1、同聲傳譯要求譯員有良好的聽覺解意能力。同聲傳譯是一種即聽即譯的活動，聽入與譯出之間只保持幾秒鐘的距離，譯員在口頭傳譯幾秒鐘前聽到的信息的同時，還必須耳聽及解譯新的信息。因此這種聽覺解意能力非同一般意義的耳聽會意能力，它指的是一種譯員在有自我干擾的環(huán)境下及時聽解信息的能力。 但是譯員的聽解并非完全是一種被動的行為，譯中可以從大會的題、發(fā)言者的立場、發(fā)言論題或論點的背景知識等示意因素，使自己的聽譯建筑在“上下文”的基礎(chǔ)上，進而變被動聽譯為主動聽譯。2、同聲傳譯要求譯員具備在聽解的同時有迅速組織句子進行連貫流暢表達(dá)的能力。也許有人會認(rèn)為，漢語是我們的母語，因此英譯漢的困難在于能否及時聽懂英語內(nèi)容，不在于如何有漢語來組句和表達(dá)。這完全是對口譯工作的一種誤解。組句表達(dá)，無論是以外語還是以母語進行，都是一門學(xué)問，一種才能，尤其是在需要顧及聽的內(nèi)容的情況下。二、同聲傳譯的一些基本方法和技巧1、意譯同聲傳譯即聽即譯的特點，迫使譯員不得不“一心二用”，使譯員在翻譯過程中難以做到“形”“意”兩全。此外，譯員在同步傳譯時迫于壓力，也無法對目標(biāo)語的表達(dá)形式斟詞酌句一番。在“形”“意”難以兩全的情況下，譯員應(yīng)采用意譯的方法，以簡潔的語言迅速將來源語所包含的概念和命題傳達(dá)給聽眾。 2、順譯順譯是指一種順著來源語的詞序，按部就班地選擇目標(biāo)語的對應(yīng)詞進行傳譯的方法。這里所講的順譯僅限于順結(jié)構(gòu)、順詞序的傳譯，不包括詞詞對應(yīng)的順譯。漢語和英語的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)均為“主動賓”結(jié)構(gòu)，限定詞（如數(shù)詞和所有格代詞）和形容詞一般也都出現(xiàn)在名詞前面，這為英漢順譯或漢英順譯提供了必要的條件。3、截句截句是指譯員在同聲傳譯過程中及時、適時截斷來源語的長句，并按照目標(biāo)語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，將所聽到的信息分解成短句，或重組成聯(lián)句，然后傳譯過去。4.詞語置前例：中國政府將一如既往地支持聯(lián)合國主持正義、維護和平、促進全球繁榮的行動。The Chinese government will as always support the UN efforts to uphold justice, maintain peace and promote global prosperity.5.詞語后置或暫存例：聯(lián)合國維和部隊?wèi)?yīng)該駐扎在那一地區(qū)，一直到所有各方簽署了和約為止。我們的這一立場已得到公認(rèn)。Our position is widely received that the UN peace-keeping force will stay in that region until a peaceful agreement has been signed by all concerned parties. 6.添詞例：我很高興地向各位通報，中美就知識產(chǎn)權(quán)問題簽署了一項諒解備忘錄，從而避免了一場可能出現(xiàn)的貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。I feel very pleased to report to you that China and the United States signed a Memorandum of Understanding in terms of protecting intellectual property rights, an act that has averted a potential trade war.7.減詞例：中國同其周邊國家的關(guān)系比以往任何時期都好，這種十分珍貴的睦鄰友好關(guān)系無論對中國人民還是這些國家的人們來說，都極為有益。Chinas relations with its neighboring countries are better than ever before, a situation that best represents the interests of the Chinese people and the peoples of other countries concerned.8.重復(fù)例：多年來，中國經(jīng)濟的持續(xù)增長發(fā)揮了越來越重要的作用，這種作用在于促進了亞太地區(qū)乃至全球經(jīng)濟的健康發(fā)展。Over the years