推理判斷閱讀題.doc

閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練四判斷推理題做判斷推理題要牢記三點(diǎn)：理解事實(shí)；分析事實(shí)；作出決定。一、常用的關(guān)鍵提問詞有infer, imply, suggest，conclude，show，support，assume, know，learn，draw a conclusion from等。比如： 1. The passage is intended to _. 2. The passage implies that _. 3. It can be inferred from the passage/text that _. 4. It can be concluded from the passage that _. 5. The author suggests that _. 6. From the last paragraph we know that _. 7. In the paragraph following this one, we may expect the author to discuss _. 8. The passage is most likely to be taken from_. 9. The passage is most likely a part of_.二、推理判斷題一般分為三類： 1) 局部推理題：即考查對(duì)于文章細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的判斷能力，如上文所說，其對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容可以是文章的一句話或幾句話、抑或是一兩個(gè)段落，是相對(duì)比較容易快速定位的推理題，題干中經(jīng)常包含了以下一些詞匯，如the author believes that, the author implies that等。 2) 全文推理題：這種題型一般不是考查對(duì)于全文中心思想的推理，同樣也是考查對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理，只不過是這些細(xì)節(jié)散布在文章的各個(gè)角落，需要考生進(jìn)行全面的歸納，同時(shí)題干中也經(jīng)常包含了以下詞匯， 如we can learn from the passage that, we can imply from the text that等。 3) 推測(cè)文章來源：問何種題材，體裁；文章可能選自何種專著等。這類問題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷其出處： A.報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。 B.廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。 C.產(chǎn)品說明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。 三、推理判斷題正確答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)1、當(dāng)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)全能憑常識(shí)判斷或者都符合題目意思的時(shí)候，意義最豐富的那個(gè)選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案；或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中惟一一個(gè)不是常識(shí)項(xiàng)的是答案。2、正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，不會(huì)用絕對(duì)詞匯，而會(huì)用一些相對(duì)能夠留下一些余地的詞匯，如often, usually, sometimes, relatively, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably, be likely to等。四、推理判斷題干擾答案選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)1、選項(xiàng)中意思雖然與原文相符，但是只是涉及一些細(xì)枝末節(jié)，不符合題干。2、選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)表示絕對(duì)意義的詞匯，如all, never, none, absolutely, everything, anything, nothing等一般不是答案。3、選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合常識(shí)判斷，但是卻無法通過文章的內(nèi)容推導(dǎo)出來。4、選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文無關(guān)。5、選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容作了張冠李戴的處理。6、選項(xiàng)對(duì)文章內(nèi)容作了偷換概念的處理，使用了與文章一樣的詞匯但是卻改變了其含義。7、選項(xiàng)將原文的邏輯關(guān)系因果顛倒：原文的原因變成了選項(xiàng)中的結(jié)果，或反之；8、選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容的簡單重復(fù)，不是推理得出的結(jié)論。9、選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容純屬主觀臆斷得出的結(jié)論，文章根本沒有提及。五、鞏固練習(xí)(A)One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.”“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.”1. The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects (B)When I was small and my grandmother died, I couldnt understand why I had no tears. But that night when my dad tried to cheer me up, my laugh turned into crying. So it came as no surprise to learn that researchers believe crying and laughing come from the same part of the brain. Just as laughing has many health advantages, scientists are discovering that so, too, does crying.Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or suffering -can be bad for physical health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problem and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its natural- and healthy- emotional response. 2. It can be inferred from the text that _.A. there are two ways to keep healthy B. crying does more good to health than laughingC. crying and laughing play the same rolesD. emotional health has a close relationship to physical health(C)Daylight saving time (DST) has been introduced this summer This year DST began on May 4. But next year, “Summer Time” will begin on the first Sunday in April. Clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, May 4 so that 2:00 AM became 3:00 AM. They should turn back one hour at 2:00 AM on Sunday, September 14. The new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours（千瓦小時(shí) ）of electricity per year across the country. The new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency (效率). During the DST period, the actual departure (發(fā)車) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.3. According to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. A. in 132 days B. in 133 days C. in 134 days D. in 4 months (D)The male and female mosquitoes make an odd couple. The female is a vampire(吸血鬼) and lives on blood. The male is a vegetarian(素食者) that sips nectar and plant juices. Females of different species choose different hosts on which to dine. Some feed exclusively on cattle, horses, birds and other warm-blooded creatures. Some favor cold-blooded animals. Still others prefer man. While the females menu varies, her bite remains the same. She drives her sharp, tubular snout through the skin, injects a fluid to deep the blood from clothing, and drinks her fill, which takes a minute or less. It is the fluid she injects that carries disease. After her blood meal, she rests while her eggs develop. She then looks for a moist (潮濕的)or flooded place to lay them. 4. It can be concluded from the paragraph that the male mosquito is _. A. dangerous B. relatively harmlessC. irritating(氣人的) D. openly aggressive 5. Female mosquitoes _. A. are a threat to most forms of living creatures B. cannot be controlled effectively C. offer important services to mankind D. are a necessary element in the balance of the nature 6. Which of the following are natural breeding(繁殖) places for mosquitoes? _ A. high, dry terrain (地帶) B. rivers and oceans C. damp, swampy(沼澤多的) area D. mountain forests (E)What might driving on an automated highway be like? The answer depends on what kind of system is ultimately adopted. Two distinct types are on the drawing board. The first is a special-purpose lane(行車道) system, in which certain lane is reserved for automated vehicles. The second is a mixed traffic system: fully automated vehicles would share the road with partially automated or manual driven cars. A special-purpose lane system would require more extensive physical modifications(修改) to existing highways, but it promises the greatest gains in freeway capacity. 7. We learn from the first paragraph that two systems of automated highways_. A. are being planned B. are being modified C. are now in wide use D. are under construction(F)Mrs. Harris, an elderly patient in a nursing home, sat all day in a chair. She did nothing else. She required complete physical care, even feeding. No one seemed to realize that she was partially deaf and blind. One day, a young doctor observed cataracts (白內(nèi)障) in both her eyes. He discovered that if he spoke in her ear, she seemed to respond. One eye was operated on, and when it was first uncovered, the old woman cried with joy. Her recovery was quick, and she soon became quite independent. She started feeding herself and took to smiling and talking with others. The change in her attitude was amazing. Not only did she require less nursing care, but she was also able to help other patients. She was again able to see and with this, seemed to experience some hearing recovery. 8. The regular attendants of the nursing home were most probably _. A. overworked to the point of exhaustion B. indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的) to the needs of the patients C. unaware of Mrs. Harris real problem D. highly trained medical experts 9. It can be reasonably inferred from this paragraph that _. A. a persons state of health affects his outlook on life B. nursing homes are staffed with unqualified attendants C. an elderly person should be cared for by his family D. state governments should supervise nursing homes closely 10. Evidence suggests that the young doctor was _. A. unusual B. alert C. independent D. casual (G)Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. “To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (緩解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.” For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.” 11. It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine_. A. helps you to fall asleep quickly B. may be dangerous to small children C. cannot be taken if one feels sleepy D. shouldnt be taken by children under six 12. This text is most probably taken from a_. A. textbook B. newsreel(新聞?dòng)捌? C. doctoers notebook D. bottle of medicine (H)(2008天津卷)Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishierthe shark(鯊魚).Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms. Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure. If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather. It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system. At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfishnone of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模擬) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts. She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. 13. The passage is most probably taken from _. A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine C. a research paper D. a personal diary判斷推理題答案1.解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進(jìn)來時(shí)的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對(duì)房屋