綜合教程第四冊(cè)課件 Unit5.doc

綜合教程第四冊(cè)Unit FiveI. Background 世上有一朵美麗的花，不是生長(zhǎng)在土壤里，而是開放在人們心靈的曠野中，像一朵火紅的月季： 世上有一股清泉，在天涯海角，年年歲歲地流淌著，流淌著。我們每一個(gè)行路者都在執(zhí)著地追求著，仿佛是在酷熱如火、口干舌燥的夏季渴望有一片涼爽的綠蔭一樣。于是，這股清泉就成了止渴的梅，就成了大漠深處的綠洲，給我們以鼓舞和力量。 這便是友情。 真正的友情沒有距離。 不管兩個(gè)好朋友相隔得有多么遠(yuǎn)，她們的心，始終是彼此挨著彼此的，始終是彼此牽掛著彼此的。她們也會(huì)為自己在遙遠(yuǎn)的另一方有一位知心的朋友而感到驕傲和欣慰。還記得留言簿上朋友的贈(zèng)言：“不通音訊并不意味著忘記，不再相見并不意味著分離。離開并不意味著真正的離開。因?yàn)?心的一角還系 在那方?！?真正的友情應(yīng)該真誠(chéng)、信任。 真誠(chéng)，是待人處世的最好方法；真誠(chéng)，也是溝通心靈的橋梁。人與人之間需要真誠(chéng)，真正的朋友之間更加需要真誠(chéng)。敞開心扉，與朋友坦誠(chéng)相待，就不會(huì)有隔膜，心與心也就因此而靠得更近，連得更緊。如果一個(gè)人對(duì)待自己的朋友真心付出過，換來的卻是種種謊言，那是友情的天空下起雨的緣故，而濕漉漉的感覺會(huì)讓人很難受。失去朋友信任的人也是最可悲的，曾經(jīng)有人說過“或許最叫人心傷的，不是你最愛的人說不再愛你，而是最重視你的人說不信任你?！?真正的友情是一株成長(zhǎng)緩慢的植物。 它需要我們用真心去慢慢地培養(yǎng)，常用水輕輕地澆灌，給它充足的陽光，讓它漸漸地成長(zhǎng)為一顆成熟的植物。 在你遭遇不章的時(shí)候，友情就是你避風(fēng)的港灣，它會(huì)幫助你走出不幸，給予你最貼心，最真切的關(guān)懷，使你不再悲傷，不再憂郁，重新?lián)P起生活的風(fēng)帆；在你獲得了榮譽(yù)，取得了成功的時(shí)候，友情就是鞭策你的繩索，讓你不要驕傲，朝著更新的目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。 把自己的快樂分給自己的朋友，就會(huì)變成兩份快樂，當(dāng)自己的痛苦與朋友一起承擔(dān)，它就變成了半個(gè)痛苦。 友情，是點(diǎn)綴青春的樂章，它是我們的人生中最美妙、最動(dòng)聽、最能打動(dòng)人心弦的樂章，它每一個(gè)音符無時(shí)無刻都在我們每個(gè)人的心靈中跳動(dòng)著；友情，是我們生活中的陽光，它使我們每個(gè)人的心都變得更加溫暖，使人與人之間更近了。 友情至真便是一份自私的情感，便是可以為之痛為之心碎。朋友之間的情感有如親情又有如愛情，朋友是世界上最美麗的名詞之一。不是每個(gè)人都希望功成名就，但是每個(gè)人都希望能有朋友。 只有真正懂得友情的人，才能真正懂得什么是生活。我們都應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)珍惜身邊的友情，用自己的心去體會(huì)“友情”這個(gè)美妙的詞語！你會(huì)感覺到，它，就在你心靈的最深處緩緩地流過！II. Analysis of the Text 本篇文章討論了兩類友誼：男人間的友誼和女人間的友誼。共分為四部 分：第一部分作者介紹了“她”所看過的電影c第二部分中作者進(jìn)而談到了男 女友誼的雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第三部分作者細(xì)述了兩類友誼的區(qū)別。第四部分作者 歸納男人之間和女人之間友誼的顯著區(qū)別。 Part I(Paragraphs l-2)：作者介紹了“她”看過的電影以及“她”對(duì)這些 電影的態(tài)度 Part（Paragraphs 3-6）：作者講述了電影內(nèi)容焦點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移并討論了兩種 友誼的區(qū)別。 Part（Paragraphs 7-18）：作者細(xì)述了兩類友誼的區(qū)別?？偟膩碚f，前者 以行動(dòng)為基礎(chǔ)，后者以感情為基礎(chǔ)。男人間的友誼是建立在相互合作需要的 基礎(chǔ)上，男人們面對(duì)逆境共同進(jìn)退。女人的友誼則是建立在愛的基礎(chǔ)上，需 要共同的感情支持。 Part(paragraph 19)：這是文章的結(jié)尾部分。作者重申了這兩類友誼 的區(qū)別。IIIWords & Phrases Study文中出現(xiàn)的重難點(diǎn)單詞及短語: chase, reflect, capacity, count, confidence，confess，restraint，grieve，intimate1. chase zv. follow rapidly in order to catch or overtake; pursue追趕，追捕 Liverpool are chasing their third league title in four years利物浦隊(duì)正全力以赴準(zhǔn)備四年后第三次贏得聯(lián)賽冠軍。（點(diǎn)撥）chase和pursue都含有“追隨”的意思。chase意為“為了某種目的主動(dòng)追逐、追趕”，句子的主語，賓語一般都是有生命力的人或動(dòng)物，如：The little boy watched a cat chasing birds小男孩看見貓追小鳥。pursue意為“為了達(dá)到目的而追趕，追逐”，有堅(jiān)持不懈，窮追不舍的勁頭，被追逐的可以是具體的人（物），也可以是抽象的事物。2. reflect v. manifest as a result of sth反映，表現(xiàn) （釋例）The election results do not always reflect back the views of the voters選舉的結(jié)果并不總能真實(shí)地反映選民的意見。（點(diǎn)撥）后接on或upon,意為“思索、蒙受、招致、博得”，如：reflecton a problem仔細(xì)思考一個(gè)問題 reflection ones conduct指責(zé)某人的行為/Such results reflected great credit upon us.這些成績(jī)給我們帶來了莫大的光榮。被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)和過去分詞作后置定語時(shí)，后接in或from，如：The mountains are reflected in the water群山倒映在水中。作及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語從句，如：She reflected that life is short她認(rèn)為生命太短暫了。3. capacity n. ability，quality of being suitable for or receptive to specified treatment能力；性能，品質(zhì)（釋例）Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full capacity.沒有外出工作的家庭主婦們常常覺得沒有充分體現(xiàn)出她們的工作才能。capacity和ability都有“能力”的意思，但capacity指人接受、容納、吸收、理解方面的能力，亦可表示無生命的事物的承受、容納、裝載能力；ability則一般指人辦事等實(shí)際應(yīng)用上的能力，或智力和體力方面的才能，本領(lǐng)。capacity后可接介詞for, of或不定式，如：The library has a capacity of more than 250，000 volumes.這個(gè)圖書館藏書達(dá)25萬多冊(cè)。/He succeeded for he had infinite capacity for taking pains他之所以成功在于他能吃苦耐勞。/The country has the capacity to compete with Japan in export trade這個(gè)國(guó)家在出口貿(mào)易方面有能力和日本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。4. count v. to believe or consider to be；deem認(rèn)為，相信或認(rèn)為是；認(rèn)為（釋例）She counts among the most gifted of the current generation of composers她算是當(dāng)代最有才華的作曲家。（點(diǎn)撥）作動(dòng)詞，后可接as, against, among, for, on 或upon;等介詞。后接as時(shí)，意為“把. .看作”，但as?？墒÷裕纾篐e counted himself (as) lucky他認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。后接against，意為“不利于”，如：His age counted against him他的年齡對(duì)他不利。后接among,意為“算在 內(nèi)”，如：You count among my best friends你算是我最要好的朋友之一。后接介詞for，意為“有價(jià)值或作用”，如:For him fame does not count for much在他看來，出名算不了什么。后接介詞on或upon，意為 “指望，依靠”，如：I have counted upon having it completed by March.我原來指望到三月份能完成此事。作名詞，常用短語有：lost count of數(shù)不清/on all counts從所有方面說，如：On all counts，I have been greatly benefited by his counsel.從各方面說，他的勸告使我受益匪淺。5confidence n( often confidences ) a secret or private matter told to someone under a condition of trust秘密;私事;私房話(釋例)A friend does not betray confidences.朋友是不會(huì)泄露秘密的。(點(diǎn)撥)confidence和assurance都表示一種信心。confidence是對(duì)某人能力的一種堅(jiān)定的信任，例如：I have every confidence in your ability to succeed.我對(duì)你的成功有“絕對(duì)把握。assurance更加強(qiáng)調(diào)把握性甚至暗示傲慢，例如:How can a nonscientist explain an abstruse theory with such assurance?怎么一個(gè)非科學(xué)家時(shí)這一抽象理論的解釋如此自信?6. confess v. admit or acknowledge something reluctantly, typically because one feels slightly ashamed or embarrassed 承認(rèn)，坦白，懺悔(釋例)He confessed himself to be totally ignorant of their plans.他承認(rèn)自己對(duì)于他們的計(jì)劃一無所知。(點(diǎn)撥)confess后接介詞賓語為名詞或動(dòng)名詞，如:He confessed to cheating on the exam.承認(rèn)考試作弊。7. restraint n. deprivation or restriction of personal liberty or freedom of movement抑制，制止，克制(釋例)He exercised considerable restraint in not, suing for a divorce. 他極力克制自己，不提出離婚訴訟。(點(diǎn)撥)后接in，意為“自我克制” ；后接on，意為“限制”，如：His restraint in not s owing his anger was admirable他對(duì)怒氣的克制真令人佩服。/The government places a restraint on public spending政府限制公費(fèi)開支。8grieve v. cause to be sorrowful; distress使人傷心，為傷心(釋例)It grieves me to hear how disobedient youve been聽說你很不聽話，使我感到非常難過。 grieve, mourn和deplore有“悲痛，哀悼”的意思，但三者有所區(qū)別。grieve常有獨(dú)自一人內(nèi)心悲痛的含義，比mourn的詞義強(qiáng)，如：The nation grieved for its war dead全國(guó)都為戰(zhàn)死的人悲傷。mourn常指表現(xiàn)出來的悲痛，多用于哀悼死者。如：She mourned for him so constantly that she became seriously ill她天天為他的死而悲傷，以致得了重病。deplore多用于不可挽回的悲慘之事，如：He deplored the loss of his dear friend他失去一位親密的朋友，深感惋惜。grieve的賓語通常是人，不可以是物，如:Her death grieved him.她的死使他很悲傷。9. intimateadj . having or being a very close and friendly relationship親密的，密切的(釋例)Were not exactly on intimate terms，but we see each other fairly often 我們雖算不上關(guān)系親密，但還常見面。(點(diǎn)撥）作形容詞，后接with，意為“與某人很親密”，如I am intimate with Joe; we have been friends for many years.我同喬關(guān)系密切，我們是多年的知己。作名詞，意為“知己，密友”，通常要受到前置或后置的定語修飾，幾乎不單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在句中，如:My intimate我的知己，an intimate of the presidents ,總統(tǒng)的一位密友。IV. Class Check1. He was punished _ he should make the same mistake again.A) unless B) lest C)if D)provided2. In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are _ get into universities.A) ambitious B) fortunate C) aggressive D)substantial3. The film provides a deep _ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings. A) insight B) imagination C) fancy D) outlook4. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play _ roles in raising children. A) incapable B) indispensable C) insensible D) infinite5. The group technicians are engaged in a study which _ all aspects of urban planning.A) embraces B) performs C) inserts D) grips6. On New Years Eve, New York City holds an out door _ which attracts a crowd a million or more people.A) incident B) event C) case D) affairV. Text Explanation 1. Ellen Goodman:埃倫古德曼:1941年出生的古德曼畢業(yè)子美國(guó)女子學(xué)院。她從1957年開始，成為波士頓環(huán)球報(bào)的一名編輯兼專欄作家。她在1979年出版過一本名為轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的書。1980年，她榮獲普利策杰出評(píng)論獎(jiǎng)。2000年，她和另一位作家合作山版了一本書，名為我完全理解你的意思友誼在女性人生中的份量。 2. 1t was, in many ways，a light movie.本句話可理解為In many respects it was a simple and ordinary film. 3. Claudia Weill:克勞迪亞威爾是拍實(shí)驗(yàn)電影和紀(jì)錄片山身的導(dǎo)演，她最有名的紀(jì)錄片是和莎莉麥克琳合拍的半邊夭中國(guó)記懷(THE OTHER HALF OF THE SKY: A CHINAMEHOIR)，記錄中國(guó)婦女的現(xiàn)狀，獲奧斯卡提名。她的劇情片女朋友( GIRLFRIENDS，1978）也是對(duì)女性生活、處境有深刻反映的電影。 4. Slowly，it panned across the tapestry of friendship:本句話可理解為:Step by step it gave an all-sided view of the complex structure of friendship.5. Hemingways:海明威(1899-1961)美國(guó)小說家、諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)獲得者。1899年7月21日生于芝加路市郊像膠園小鎮(zhèn)。父親是醫(yī)生和體育愛好者，母親從事音樂教育。6個(gè)兄弟姐妹中，他排行第二，從小酷愛體育、捕魚和狩獵。中學(xué)畢業(yè)后曾去法國(guó)等地旅行，回國(guó)后當(dāng)過見習(xí)記者。第一次大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，他志愿赴意大利當(dāng)戰(zhàn)地救護(hù)車司機(jī)。1918年夏在前線被炮彈炸成重傷，回國(guó)休養(yǎng)。后來去加拿大多倫多市星報(bào)任記者。1921年重返巴黎，結(jié)識(shí)美國(guó)女作家斯坦因、青年作家安德森和詩人龐德等。1923年發(fā)表處女作三個(gè)短篇小說和十首詩，隨后游歷歐洲各國(guó)。1926年出版了長(zhǎng)篇小說太陽照樣升起，初獲成功，被斯坦因稱為“迷惘的一代”。1929年，反映第一次世界大戰(zhàn)的長(zhǎng)篇巨著永別了，武器的問世給作家?guī)砹寺曌u(yù)。 30年代初，海明威到非洲旅行和狩獵。 1935年寫成非洲的青山和一些短篇小說。 1937年發(fā)表了描寫美國(guó)與古巴之間海上走私活動(dòng)的小說有的和無的。西班牙內(nèi)戰(zhàn)期間，他3次以記者身份親臨前線，在炮火中寫了劇本第五縱隊(duì)，并創(chuàng)作了以美國(guó)人參加西班牙人民反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)為題材的長(zhǎng)篇小說喪鐘為誰而鳴(1940)。他曾與許多美國(guó)知名作家和學(xué)者捐款支援西班牙人民正義斗爭(zhēng)。1941年偕夫人瑪莎訪問中國(guó)，支持我國(guó)抗日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。后又以戰(zhàn)地記者身份重赴歐洲，并多次參加戰(zhàn)。戰(zhàn)后客居古巴，潛心寫作。 1952年，老人與海問世，深受好評(píng)，翌年獲普利策獎(jiǎng)。 1954年獲諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)?？ㄋ固亓_掌權(quán)后，他離開古巴返美定居。因身上多處舊傷，百病纏身，精神憂郁，1961年7月2日用獵槍自殺。海明威去世后發(fā)表的遺作主要有：海流中的島嶼(1970)和伊甸園(1986)。他那獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格和塑造的硬漢子形象對(duì)現(xiàn)代歐美文學(xué)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。6. In contrast, they portrayed women picking on each other, the way they once picked berries:本句話可理解為：On the contrary, women were described fastidious and superficial in films who chose friends just as picked berries.7. A man once told her that men werent real buddies until they had been . until和till兩者都可作介詞、連詞，一般情況下可以互換使用。用于肯定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞只用延續(xù)性的，它所表示的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到ill或until表示的時(shí)間為止，意為“直到為止”；用于否定句時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性的，也可以是延續(xù)性的，它所表示的動(dòng)作直到till或until所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生，意為“直到（才）。如：She watched TV untiltill her mother came back她看電視直到她母親回來。（看電視的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到母來才結(jié)束）She didnt watch TV untiltill her mother came back直到她母親回來她才（開始）看電視。（看電視的動(dòng)作直到她母親回來才發(fā)生）現(xiàn)將一相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)作具體的介紹： 1)until和till以作介詞或連詞。作介詞用時(shí)，后面接名詞或副詞；作連詞用時(shí)，常用來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。當(dāng)它們用于肯定句中，主句動(dòng)詞常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示這個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到tilluntil所表示的時(shí)間為止。當(dāng)它們引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)往往要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如：They worked until/till six oclock他們一直工作到六點(diǎn)鐘。 He will wait for until/till your mother comes.他將等你直到你母親來。 2)not until/till意為“直到才”，主句常用終止性動(dòng)詞（即非延續(xù)性），表示until/till所表示的時(shí)間一到，該動(dòng)作就發(fā)生。如：He didnt go to bed until/till eleven last night.昨天夜里他直到十一點(diǎn)才上床睡覺。She didnt know me until/till last week.她直到上一周才認(rèn)識(shí)我。Einstein was not able to return to his homeland until the war was over直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后愛因斯坦才得以回國(guó)。 注意：not until放在句首時(shí)要用倒裝語序，如上面第三個(gè)例句可以改為放 在句首的倒裝句：Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland。 3)如果要放在句首，只能用until而不能用till，如：誤：Till I finished my homework, mother didnt let me out正：Until I finished my homework, mother didnt let me out直到我做完家庭作業(yè)媽媽才準(zhǔn)我出去。 4)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中也常常出現(xiàn)not until結(jié)構(gòu)，常見句型為：It iswas not untilthat。如下面這個(gè)句子：She didnt find me until I called her from behind.直到我從后面叫她之后.她才發(fā)現(xiàn)了我。改為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):It was not until I called her from behind that she found me.注:但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，not until置于句首構(gòu)成倒裝句以及until放在句首時(shí)，均不能用till替換until。例如:It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcast began.直到1920年才開始有定期的無線電廣播。Not until 12 oclock last night did Tom come back.(倒裝句)昨晚直到十二點(diǎn)湯姆才回來。Until I was 20 I had never been away from my hometown.我二十歲以前，從未離開過家鄉(xiāng)。8.Babbitt巴比特是一部反映美國(guó)商業(yè)文化繁盛時(shí)期城市商人生活的小說。這本小說不僅塑造了一個(gè)典型的商人形象“巴比特”，還漫畫式地表現(xiàn)出美國(guó)上個(gè)世紀(jì)二十年代商業(yè)文化的方方面面，具有文化對(duì)照和藝術(shù)欣賞的雙重價(jià)值。巴比特是一位成功的房地產(chǎn)商人，過著富足而又平板的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)生活。然而作為一個(gè)人，他受到虛空的襲擊，于是企圖尋找另一種“真正的生活”。為此，他外出漫游，嘗試過一種玩世不恭的生活，甚至染上了革命情緒。但巴比特又沒有勇氣去承受接之而來的社會(huì)冷落，于是，他重新投入了家庭生活和商人生涯的懷抱，在小說的結(jié)尾，巴比特將希望寄托在他的兒子身上。9. The only relationship that gave meaning to the claustrophobic life.: 本句話可理解為: What made the claustrophobic life of George Babbitt meaningful has been his relationship with Paul Riesling, without his relationship with Paul Riesling George Babbitt would have found his claustrophobic meaningless.VIWriting PracticeWhat is a good friend? As we all know, human is collective animal, which cannot be isolated from the society. In the society, people build many different relationships with others among these relationships, there are some basic ones which are necessary to all the people. Everyone has parents, friends, relatives and lovers. Today we will talk about friends? Everyone needs friends. From childhood to the old age, people will get many friends during different periods. You need friend to help you, to praise you, to protect you, to warm you .It is peoples nature to make friends but it is not easy to get good friends. What is a good friend? A good friend has share the sweetness and hardness with you. He or she trust you and understand you. When you make success, they will feel happy as you and keep you cold mind as usual. When you are hurt, they will comfort you and encourage you to recover. They can understand your minds though maybe they do not agree with you. You need not see them very often but in your hearts, they are always there. I have a good friend named Fang. Fang and l am both born in peasant families. The same ambitions and interests tied us when we were children. We had studied in the same school for six years. We both hoped to pass the National College Entrance Examinations and change our poor families. so we studied hard in the high school and imagined our bright future together. But one month before we attended the National College Entrance Examinations, Fang left school. She even did not say good-bye to me. I did not know why she gave up the chance to study in the college. At that time she was the top student in our class and every student and teacher thought she could enter a good university. One year later, 1 received a letter from her. From her letter I knew that her father had got serious illness before the National College Ent