山東省2020屆新高考英語總復習第三板塊完形填空第二部分題型應對策略教案.docx

第二部分題型應對策略句內(nèi)層次題句內(nèi)層次題的解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)，在讀懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解題信息就可直接作答。對于此類題目，考生可以邊讀邊填，將原文信息盡量復原。利用習慣搭配及固定結構解題完形填空中經(jīng)常會考查一些習慣搭配、固定結構和固定句式，這時考生就需要運用習慣搭配及固定結構來解題。典例(2019全國卷)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog，Id hope that somebody would be _60_ to go that extra mile.”60A.suitableBproudCwise Dwilling解析：D考查形容詞。此處表示如果這是“我”的狗的話，“我”也會希望有人會愿意多走那段路給“我”送來。be willing to do sth.愿意做某事。利用生活常識和文化背景解題完形填空的語篇中往往滲透著諸如文化科學、歷史地理、風俗民情等方面的知識?？忌谧鲱}時，若能積極地調(diào)動自己掌握的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，特別是注意中西文化的差異，將會大大簡化復雜的分析與判斷過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間，從而輕松地做出正確判斷。典例(2018全國卷)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person，we usually say “sorry，_41_ number！” and move on.41A.unlucky BsecretCnew Dwrong解析：D利用生活常識和文化背景解題，根據(jù)生活常識，接到來自陌生人的短信，我們常說，“對不起，你錯人了”。利用對應成分分析法解題完形填空文章的上下文之間以及句子內(nèi)部之間往往有著一定的邏輯關系，它使句子的各個成分之間形成一定的對應關系?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)這種邏輯關系找出與未知填空相對應的已知成分，將它作為線索，通過它推斷出未知填空的答案。典例(2018全國卷)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57.accompanied by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！He was so _59_and kind to do this.”59A.smart BcalmCsweet Dfair解析：C本題可以利用對應成分分析法解題。從上述分析可以看出，第59題與kind形成對應關系。因為有and這一并列連詞，并且and前后意思應該一致，表示“他做這件事真是太友好和善良了”。故選C。利用邏輯關系解題此方法是通過分析未知填空前后文與已知信息之間的邏輯關系來確定答案，主要應用于完形填空的兩類題型：一是考查連接詞和起連接詞作用的短語，二是考查上下文的邏輯關系。典例(2019全國卷)Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lostdog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove _46_.48A.home BpastCback Don解析：CEhlers很擔心那只丟失的(lost)狗。根據(jù)空處所在句可知，四天后，他叫上朋友Greg，兩人一起開車回去(back)。利用語境暗示分析法解題上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為：全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。在句內(nèi)層次中，我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文語境，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。典例(2018全國卷)The instructors called for an ambulance._55_，after a brief stay in hospital，Ben was well enough to be allowed to _56._leave and later the family met up for dinner.55A.Fortunately BFranklyCSadly DSuddenly解析：A本題可利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文提到本在醫(yī)院里待了很短時間就康復了，這是幸運的事(fortunately)。 frankly坦率地；sadly悲傷地；suddenly突然地。句組層次題句組層次題是比句內(nèi)層次題稍難一級的題目，其解題信息分布在空格前后的一組意群之中，解題時需前瞻后顧，綜合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。利用語義復現(xiàn)解題復現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段，它通過原詞、同義詞或近義同、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞等重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起。因此，考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解文章的結構和語境，利用文章中的復現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象來選擇正確的答案。典例1(2019全國卷)They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the towns central_51_， creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 52.appeared,_Rjukan residents gathered together.“People have been 53.sitting there and standing there and taking 54.picture of each other，”Ro says，“The town square was totally 59.full.I think.”Alibrary BhallCsquare Dstreet解析：C本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。由下段中的“The town square was totally.”可知此空填square。典例2(2017全國卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this_41_process and found something that has changed my_42._experience at college for the better：I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手語)41A.searching BplanningCnatural Dformal解析：A本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。第41空是上文“explore”的近義詞復現(xiàn)，故選A項。利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題在高考完形填空文章中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速確定某些題目的正確答案。典例(2019全國卷)“Its not very 59.big，”she says，“but it is enough when we are _60_.”60A.trying BwaitingCwatching Dsharing解析：D本題可以利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題。此處表示“它(新光線)不是很大(big)，但當我們分享(share)的時候就足夠了?！庇烧Z境及作者的感情色彩可知，此處填“sharing”恰當。利用邏輯關系解題在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。典例(2016全國卷)Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(裝置)on your desk.And theyve never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away._43_ they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the 45.telephone is.43A.Thus BYetCThen DIndeed解析：B本題是典型的考查上下文邏輯關系的題目，可以利用邏輯關系解題。通過上述對本空前后文已知信息的分析，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文是明顯的轉折關系，因此答案可以確定為B.Yet。thus“因此”，then“隨后”，indeed“的確，確實”。利用語境暗示分析法解題在句組層次題中，有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確答案。典例(2018浙江卷6月)I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43.habit.Once that happened，I just kept 44.pushing my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was _45_really late at night to get my work done.45A.hanging out Bstaying upCjogging round Dshowing off解析：B本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。上文中提到我一再往后推遲做作業(yè)和學習的時間，然后我到達我要熬夜才能把作業(yè)做完的地步。stay up“熬夜”。語篇層次題高考擔負著區(qū)分考生、選拔人才的功能，每篇完形填空中總有23道這樣的較難題目來擔負著區(qū)分考生的功能。這類題目的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡、作者的思想、意圖或主人公的心理，然后進行準確的推理、判斷，從而做出正確的選擇，我們通常稱這類題目為語篇層次題。對于此類題目，一定要堅持這樣一個原則不急于解答，讀完文章最后一個詞后綜合思維再做判定。“語篇層次題”解題口訣句內(nèi)句組不能解，暫把題目放一放。此類問題不要慌，放眼全篇細思量。語義復現(xiàn)和結構，邏輯關系能用上。文章脈絡與首尾，五大方法來幫忙。利用語義復現(xiàn)解題在語篇層次題中，我們同樣可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。典例(2018浙江卷6月)When I got into college，things 40.changed.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this 41.extra time，there was no sense of 42.urgency to do my school work immediately.One day I46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline (副業(yè))Since his regular job was48.boring，I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline fulltime.He said without the job，he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in _50_.50A.childhoodBcollegeCtown Dbusiness解析：B本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。本題為原詞復現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其是“When I got into college.noon time.”可知，就會像我在大學(college)期間那樣(感覺時間多，從而經(jīng)常拖延)。利用總分結構對照分析法解題完形填空往往采用總分對照結構，總述是對分述的總結和概括，而分述是對總述的展開和詳述，兩者之間有著明確的相互支撐、相互印證的對照關系?？偡謱φ战Y構可以為我們提供重要的解題線索。典例(2016全國卷)Powerful，yes，but not always _46_.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani，my faceless agent whom Id never met 47.in_person，got me rockbottom prices on airfares，cars，and hotels.But her cold voice really 48.annoyed me.I sometimes wished to 49.find another agent.One morning，I had to 50.book an immediate flight home for a family emergency.I ran into Ranis office 51.for_the_first_time.The woman sitting at the desk,52.seeing my madness，sympathetically jumped up.She gave me a 53.comforting smile，nodded while listening patiently，and then printed out the 54.ticket immediately.“What a wonderful lady！” I thought.Rushing out 55.gratefully I called out over my shoulder，“By the way，whats your name？” “Im Rani，” she said.I turned around and saw a 56.pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.I was 57.speechless! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was，well，so 58.nice.Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport，I figured it all out.Ranis 59.friendlinessher warm smile，her nods，her Im here for you 60.attitudewere all silent signals that didnt travel through wires.46A.direct BusefulCeasy Daccurate解析：D本題可以利用總分結構對照分析法解題。此題在一個總述句“Powerful，yes，but not always _46_.(電話是強大的，但不總是準確的)”中。這是為什么呢？下文敘述的事件給了我們本空的答案。因此，僅僅看到本題所在句子包含的信息是不夠的，還要看后文的相關信息，這個關鍵信息就在下文的分述部分。只要抓住分述部分作者態(tài)度的轉變過程，本題就迎刃而解了?？偨Y一下分述部分，很容易判斷出第46題答案就是D項accurate。因為下面分述部分講的是作者在電話里覺得Rani是冷漠的，但見面后印象完全轉變，由此可知，電話的威力雖然強大，但并不總是準確的。利用邏輯關系解題在語篇層次題中，利用邏輯關系也是一種重要的解題方法。典例(北京卷)Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night, the two of them 36.sat side by side at the piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning, _38_， their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain (抱怨) about the sound of the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent (管理員) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning, Dario suggested that they write a letter to their41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.38A.therefore BhoweverCotherwise Dinstead解析：B本題是典型的考查上下文邏輯關系的題目，可以利用邏輯關系解題。通過上述對本填空前后文已知信息的分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文是明顯的轉折關系，因此答案可以確定為選項B。利用文章發(fā)展脈絡解題我們主張在做完形填空的時候要合理想象，其實就是合理思考和推理，不能腦洞大開，甚至“胡思亂想”，必須“隨文應變”，不可“一意孤行”，要隨著文段發(fā)展脈絡，調(diào)整預測偏差。典例(2017全國卷).The 46.story began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past.This newness just left me 51.wanting more.After that, feeling the need to _52_ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Clubs meetings.I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.52A.exercise BexploreCexpress Dexplain解析：B本題可以利用文章發(fā)展脈絡解題。所節(jié)選部分文章發(fā)展脈絡為：大學第一周我觀看了美式手語俱樂部的表演我被表演所吸引我想進一步學習更多手語方面的知識我參加俱樂部的會議。根據(jù)文章發(fā)展脈絡可知，第52題是在作者觀看了美式手語俱樂部的表演后感受到了進一步“探索”(explore)的必要。故答案為B項。利用首尾呼應關系解題記敘文類的完形填空在很多情況下不僅僅是在講一個故事，而是要通過故事來升華主題，而升華的內(nèi)容往往在文章結尾處，與首段內(nèi)容形成首尾呼應關系。因此，我們做題不是只到最后一空，而是要看到最后一個詞，而且要學會“回頭看”(重點是首段)。不要因我們過早地放松，忽略了首尾呼應關系，在最后一兩道題上留下遺憾。典例(2017北京卷)Hannah Taylor is a schoolgirl from Manitoba, Canada.One day, when she was five years old, she was walking with her mother in downtown Winnipeg.They saw a man 36.eating out of a garbage can.She asked her mother why he did that, and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry.Hannah was very 37.upset.She couldnt understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.Hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解決) the problem of homelessness.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a _55_ in the world.You can, too!55A.choice BprofitCjudgement Ddifference解析：D本題可以利用首尾呼應關系解題。文章首段講到漢娜在五歲時看到無家可歸的人在垃圾箱里撿東西吃，她很難過。通過首段尾句“Hannah started to think about how she could 38.help,_but, of course, there is not a lot one fiveyearold can do to solve (解決) the problem of homelessness.”可知她很想幫助這些人。而末段“Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a _55_ in the world.You can，too！”這句話與首段呼應。根據(jù)文章可知，漢娜的做法是眾多年輕人中的一個例子，通過她的努力對這個世界有不小的影響。make a difference為固定短語，意思是“有影響，起作用”。故選D項。小題夯基練一、句內(nèi)層次題1Two years ago, while Cathy was watching the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head to be a swimmer.Last summer, she wanted to 18.join our local swim team.She practiced hard and finally _19_ it.19A.increased BfoundCcreated Dmade解析：D此題屬固定搭配。根據(jù)空前“She practiced hard”可知，她最后做到了。make it“做到，成功”，是固定搭配。2(全國卷)51Approaching the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay _52_ until the emergency personnel arrived, 53.but she thought the car was going to 54.explode.52A.quiet BstillCaway Dcalm解析：B本題可以利用生活常識和文化背景解題。根據(jù)生活常識，當時處境危險，救護人員來之前不能動(stay still)，以免傷勢加重。quiet“靜靜的”，常表示一個人的性情穩(wěn)定或外表安靜；still“靜止的，不動的”；away“離開”；calm“平靜的，鎮(zhèn)靜的”。3To _51_ the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.51A.show BrecordCdecrease Dmeasure解析：C本題可以利用對應成分分析法解題。52environment，more governments.從上述分析可以看出，第51題與protect形成對應關系。因為后面有and這一并列連詞，并且and前后意思應該一致，我們可以很輕松地選出正確答案C項(decrease“減少”)。4Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _55_ she injured her neck.55A.as if BunlessCin case Dafter解析：C本題可以利用邏輯關系解題。拉里告訴她他已經(jīng)把火撲滅，她不應該動，以免(in case)傷了脖子。5Several years ago I _37_ a letter from seventeenyearold Kerry, who described herself as a worldclass faultfinder, almost always 38.bothered by things.37A.received BansweredCexpected Drejected解析：A本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)下文語境“who described herself as.”可知，作者“收到”了一封信，信中一個十七歲的女孩凱里描述自己是一個世界級的吹毛求疵的人。二、句組層次題1While we were 36.eating,_Kurt asked me, “John, what is your _37_ for personal growth？”. Kurt 41.listened patiently, but then he 42.finally smiled and said, “You dont have a personal plan for growth，do you？”37A.suggestion BdemandCplan Drequest解析：C本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。本題為原詞復現(xiàn)。由42空后的“You dont have a personal plan for growth, do you？”可知選plan，表示個人成長計劃。2For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met 47.in_person,_got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels.But her cold voice really _48_ me.I sometimes wishes to 49.find another agent.48A.annoyed BinterestedCdiscouraged Dconfused解析：A本題可以利用態(tài)度或感情色彩關聯(lián)解題。前文提到多年來，作者與他的旅行代理人僅以電話來溝通，從未見過面，這個旅行代理人總能給自己最低價格(rockbottom prices)，但是她的聲音卻是冷冰冰的，后文又提到作者有時希望另外找個代理人，可知代理人冷冰冰的聲音讓作者不開心，很生氣。3All around the world, we can see the 50.consequences of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger.To 51.decrease the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52.environment,_more governments are requiring people to recycle materials._53_， this is not enough to solve (解決) our problem.53A.However BOtherwiseCTherefore DMeanwhile解析：A本題可以利用邏輯關系解題。通過上述對本空前后文已知信息的分析，能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)上下文是明顯的轉折關系，因此答案可以確定為選項A。4When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant 41.beating_out Miller King, who was the best _42_ at our school.42A.coach BstudentCteacher Dplayer解析：D本題可以利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)上文中的“my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”可知，此空與“球員，選手”(player)有關，而不是教練(coach)、學生(student)或老師(teacher)。三、語篇層次題1Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 41.above grade level, but she did not like to read.On a family car trip, her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter, as a surprise for her 42.niece.But Lainey took one look at it, 43.rolled her eyes, and said, “Borrrring！” Aunt Dede, a teacher, had read the book to her students, and they loved it.44.Even the youngest children in the class were 45.attracted by the story.They 46.listened with great interest, and then 47.enthusiastically joined in grand conversations about Harrys adventures.“How can you say its _48_？Have you read it？” asked Aunt Dede.48A.amazing BboringCridiculous Dhumorous解析：B本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。本題為原詞復現(xiàn)。上文“and said，Borrrring！”中的Borrrring是第48空的原詞復現(xiàn)，故選B項。2Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device (裝置) on your desk.And theyve never actually 41.met you.Everything they know about you 42.came through this device sometimes from hundreds of miles away.43.Yet they feel they can know you44.just from the sound of your voice.Thats how powerful the _45_ is.Powerful, yes, but not always 46.accurate.For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone.45A.telephone BvoiceCconnection Dimpression解析：A本題為語篇層次題。本題很容易因為前文中的“the sound of your voice”而錯選B項“voice”，但是文章開頭說到“that little device”，因此這里講的是“你書桌上的那臺小裝置”，下文也提到“only by phone”，因此本題選A項“電話”。3Two years later, Dad started his own _31_， which wasnt doing so well. After my graduation, Dads business was getting back on track.31A.family BbusinessCtask Djourney解析：B本題可以利用語義復現(xiàn)解題。本題為原詞復現(xiàn)。下文“Dads business was getting back on track”中的business是31空的原詞復現(xiàn)，故選B項。大題提能練A(記敘文)I had been standing perfectly still for a few minutes when a large black snake was moving past me.The long body _1_ moving so slowly by that it _2_ appeared to move.I stood shaking with _3_，not daring to make the slightest _4_.At last it _5_，and I ran away，thinking that _6_ again would I venture into or near that _7_ spot.However，I did venture.The picture of that black mysterious thing was always in my _8_ from the moment of _9_ in the morning until I fell asleep at night.Yet I never said a word about the _10_ to anyone：it was my _11_，and I knew it was a dangerous one，_12_ I did not want to be told not to _13_ that spot again.And I simply could not _14_ it；the desire to look again at that strange thing was too _15_.I began to visit the place again，day after day.And I had decided I would take to my heels if it did _16_.Once again that slight sound，like that a few days before，reached my _17_.And there appeared the black head and neck，followed by the long，endless body.I dared not _18_，since attempting to escape might be dangerous.About a yard from me there was a _19_ in the ground，and into it the snake put his head and slowly，slowly _20_ itself in，while I stood waiting until the head to the tip of the tail disappeared and all danger was over.解析：語篇解讀每個人都會有自己歷險的經(jīng)歷。本文作者以生動的筆觸講述了自己冒險探秘、觀看蛇入洞的經(jīng)歷。1A.continuedBstartedCenjoyed Dstopped解析：A考查動詞。此處的“The long body”指前文出現(xiàn)的“a large black snake”，前面已經(jīng)提到這條蛇正在從作者旁邊爬過去，所以不能說蛇開始移動；又由“moving so slowly by”可知，蛇并沒有停止移動。故選A。2A.naturally BhardlyCfinally Dclearly解析：B考查副詞。結合前面的slowly一詞可知，此處表示蛇移動得如此緩慢以至于幾乎看不出它在動。hardly幾乎不。3A.surprise BjoyCterror Dcold解析：C考查名詞。根據(jù)前面的shaking可知，此處表示作者在蛇經(jīng)過時嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。4A.mistake BmovementCdifference Dchange解析：B考查名詞。此處表示“絲毫不敢動”，與第一句中的“standing perfectly still”相呼應。5A.disappeared BdiedCrested Dpaused解析：A考查動詞。此處表示蛇從作者身邊經(jīng)過后消失了。6A.ever BonceCnever Dstill解析：C考查副詞。從上文蛇經(jīng)過時的描述可知，蛇嚇得作者發(fā)抖，作者應該再也不敢冒險到這個蛇出沒的地方了。7A.attractive BdangerousCboring Dquiet解析：B考查形容詞。通過venture及terror等詞的提示可知，此處表示作者認為有蛇出沒的這個地方很危險，下文也出現(xiàn)過dangerous一詞。8A.eye BopinionCmind Ddream解析：C考查名詞。此處表示那個黑色的神秘東西的圖像總是浮現(xiàn)在作者的腦海里。9A.waking BsleepingCplanning Dexercising解析：A考查動詞。此處與空后的“fell asleep at night”相呼應，表示從作者清晨醒來的那一刻。10A.picture BplanCsnak