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英語(yǔ)四種疑問(wèn)句的用法歸納一、學(xué)習(xí)一般疑問(wèn)句的五個(gè)要點(diǎn)就全句提出問(wèn)題,希望對(duì)方給予肯定或否定答復(fù)的問(wèn)句,叫做一般疑問(wèn)句?;卮饡r(shí)要用Yes或No來(lái)開(kāi)頭,句末用問(wèn)號(hào),朗讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。(一)、一般疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1. 如果謂語(yǔ)中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be,將這些詞移到主語(yǔ)之前。如:Eg: Can you dance? 你會(huì)跳舞嗎?Will he go there tomorrow? 他明天去那里?Are you a student? 你是學(xué)生嗎?2. 如果謂語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be,就在主語(yǔ)前加助動(dòng)詞do(does、did) ,原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞都用原形。如:Eg: Do you like English? 你喜歡英語(yǔ)嗎?Does your brother like English? 你的兄弟喜歡英語(yǔ)嗎?Did you sleep well last night? 你昨晚睡得好嗎?注:have做助動(dòng)詞時(shí),將其移至主語(yǔ)前;作“有”解時(shí)也可以將其移至主語(yǔ)前;不是作“有”解的為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),其疑問(wèn)式和其他行為動(dòng)詞一樣要在主語(yǔ)前加do(does、did) 。如:Eg: Has he gone to England? 他到英國(guó)去了?Have you (=Do you have) a car? 你有汽車嗎?Do you have lunch at school? 你是在學(xué)校吃中飯的嗎?(二)、一般疑問(wèn)句的簡(jiǎn)略回答Eg: Can you swim? 你會(huì)游泳嗎?Yes, I can. (No, I cant) 會(huì)。(不會(huì)) Have you finished your work? 你工作做完了嗎?Yes, I have. (No, I havent. ) 做完了。(還沒(méi)有。)Is this your pen? 這是你的鋼筆嗎?Yes, it is. (No, it isnt) 是的。(不是。)(三)、一般疑問(wèn)句的否定形式當(dāng)說(shuō)話人或是期待肯定的回答或是不期待對(duì)方的回答時(shí)用否定式。其結(jié)構(gòu),在口語(yǔ)里,總是把not與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或be縮略成一個(gè)詞;有時(shí)也將not放在主語(yǔ)后。如:Eg: Cant you see the kite? 難道你看不到那個(gè)風(fēng)箏?Dont you like playing football? 難道你不喜歡踢足球?Arent you (=Are you not) a You Pioneer? 難道你不是少先隊(duì)員?(四)、注意否定疑問(wèn)句的回答英語(yǔ)的yes和no是對(duì)答語(yǔ)的肯定或否定,而不是對(duì)問(wèn)句的肯定或否定,所以只要答語(yǔ)是肯定的,就用“Yes+肯定結(jié)構(gòu)”,答語(yǔ)是否定的,就用“No+否定結(jié)構(gòu)”。這與漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣不同。請(qǐng)比較:Eg: Wont he go to the hospital? 難道他不去醫(yī)院了?Yes, he will . (No, he wont. ) 不,他去。(是的,他不去。)Cant you speak English? 你難道不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)嗎?Yes, I can . (No, I cant. ) 不,我會(huì)。(是的,我不會(huì))二、 學(xué)習(xí)特殊疑問(wèn)句的三個(gè)要點(diǎn)(一)、特殊殊疑問(wèn)句的概念就是對(duì)句中某一部分提出問(wèn)題的疑問(wèn)句,叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句。句首用疑問(wèn)詞,句末用問(wèn)號(hào),并用降調(diào)。不能用Yes或No回答,需要直接回答所問(wèn)內(nèi)容,與問(wèn)句重復(fù)的部分常省略。如:Eg: Whats there on the road? 路上有什么?Theres a truck on it. 路上有輛卡車。Who runs fastest in your class? 你們班誰(shuí)跑得最快?Tom does. 湯姆。(二)、疑問(wèn)代詞和疑問(wèn)副詞1. 疑問(wèn)代詞who誰(shuí)(作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)),whom誰(shuí)(作賓語(yǔ)),whose誰(shuí)的(作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)),which哪些(個(gè)) (作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)),what什么(作主語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ))。注:疑問(wèn)代詞都屬于第三人稱,一般為單數(shù),有時(shí)也有復(fù)數(shù)。what, whose, which作定語(yǔ)時(shí),必須放在它們所能修飾的名詞之前。2. 疑問(wèn)副詞(作狀語(yǔ))when何時(shí),where何地,why為什么,how如何,how much多少(不可數(shù)) ,how many多少(可數(shù)),how long多久,how old多大年紀(jì),how far多遠(yuǎn)。注:how修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí),必須放在形容詞和副詞之前。(三)、特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)1. 對(duì)主語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),與陳述句的語(yǔ)序相同。Eg: Who is in the room? 誰(shuí)在房間里?What makes you so worry? 什么事使你這么煩惱?Whose shirt is this? 這是誰(shuí)的襯衣?Which desk is yours? 哪張課桌是你的?2. 對(duì)句子的其他成分提問(wèn),是“疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句”。Eg: What are you doing? 你在干什么?Which do you want? 你要哪一個(gè)?What time does the train arrive? 火車幾點(diǎn)到站?When will you come back? 你什么時(shí)候回來(lái)?How long did they stay there? 他們?cè)谀抢锎袅硕嗑茫?三、選擇疑問(wèn)句學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)(一)選擇疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常提供兩種情況,要求對(duì)方從中作出選擇,其結(jié)構(gòu)是:一般疑問(wèn)句+or+一般疑問(wèn)句(后句常將與前句意思相同的部分省去)。說(shuō)話時(shí),前句用升調(diào),后句用降調(diào)。如:Eg: Shall I go or will you go yourself? 是我去還是你自己去?Will he go on Sunday or on Monday? 他是星期日還是星期一走?(二)選擇疑問(wèn)句的回答從問(wèn)句提供的幾種情況中用完全的句子回答。如:Eg: Were you fifteen or sixteen last year? 你去年是15歲還是16歲?I was sixteen last year. 去年我是16歲。 四、反意疑問(wèn)句的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)(一)、反意疑問(wèn)句的基本概念表示問(wèn)話人有一定看法,但不是完全肯定,需要對(duì)方證實(shí);有時(shí)說(shuō)話人還會(huì)用反意疑問(wèn)句來(lái)加強(qiáng)陳述句的語(yǔ)氣,并不要求對(duì)方回答。反意疑問(wèn)句前面的陳述句部分用逗號(hào)和降調(diào),疑問(wèn)部分用問(wèn)號(hào),表示疑問(wèn)時(shí)用升調(diào),用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)用降調(diào)。Eg: He is a student, isnt he? 他是學(xué)生,是不是?(表示疑問(wèn),用升調(diào))The play is interesting, isnt it? 這部戲很有趣,不是嗎?(加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,用降調(diào))(二)、反意疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成,前一部分是一個(gè)陳述句,后一部分是一個(gè)省略的疑問(wèn)句。如果陳述句是肯定的,反意疑問(wèn)句用否定;如果陳述句是否定的,反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定的。反意疑問(wèn)句通常由兩個(gè)詞組成,第一個(gè)詞是be、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,若是否定式,not通常要用簡(jiǎn)略形式;第二個(gè)詞是人稱代詞主格(與陳述句的主語(yǔ)相同) 。如:Eg: Kate and Joan can swim, cant they? 凱特和瓊會(huì)游泳,是不是?Tom wont come, will he? 湯姆不會(huì)來(lái),對(duì)嗎?(三)、反意疑問(wèn)句的回答要用yes或no回答,回答的內(nèi)容是肯定的就用yes,回答的內(nèi)容是否定的就用no,這與漢語(yǔ)不完全相同,同學(xué)們要特別注意。如:Eg: You will never forget him, will you? 你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他,是嗎?Yes, I will. 不,我會(huì)忘記。No, I wont. 是的,我不會(huì)忘記他。 (四)、英語(yǔ)反意疑問(wèn)句的三種基本結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)一:肯定的陳述句 + 否定的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句?Eg :Its Monday today, isnt it? 今天星期一,是嗎?He often goes to school by bike, doesnt he? 他常常騎自行車上學(xué),對(duì)嗎?They went to the park yesterday, didnt they? 他們昨天去的公園,是嗎?用法說(shuō)明:前面陳述部分是肯定形式,后面簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句用否定形式。簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句的主謂部分通常由陳述部分的主謂語(yǔ)來(lái)決定,即人稱一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致。對(duì)于反意疑問(wèn)句的回答,總的一個(gè)原則是:不管問(wèn)題的提法如何,只要事實(shí)上是肯定的,就用 yes 回答,事實(shí)上是否定的,就用 no回答。但當(dāng)陳述部分是否定句時(shí),回答譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)不一樣。這與漢語(yǔ)截然不同,應(yīng)特別注意。如:Eg: You dont want to go out, do you? 你不想出去,對(duì)吧?Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 不,我想出去。/ 對(duì),我不想出去。結(jié)構(gòu)二:否定的陳述句 + 肯定定的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句?Eg: That isnt your book, is it? 那不是你的書,是嗎?Jim doesnt speak French, does he? 吉姆不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ),對(duì)嗎?用法說(shuō)明:當(dāng)陳述部分有 hardly, seldom, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等否定詞時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分要用肯定形式。如:Eg: He never said she would come, did he? 他從來(lái)沒(méi)說(shuō)她會(huì)來(lái),是嗎?Nobody can answer the question, can they? 沒(méi)有人能回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題,是嗎?Few people know about it, do they? 幾乎沒(méi)有人知道有關(guān)這件事情,是嗎?You have never seen the film, have you? 你從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影,是嗎?Neither you nor I can work it out, can we? 你我都不能算出它,對(duì)嗎?結(jié)構(gòu)三:祈使句 + 簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句?Eg: Stop talking, will you? 停止講話,好嗎?Pass me the pen, will you / wont you? 把這支鋼筆傳給我,好嗎?Dont be late again, will you? 不要再遲到了,行嗎?Let us help you, will you? 讓我們幫助你,好嗎?Lets have a rest, shall we? 咱們休息一會(huì)兒,行嗎?用法說(shuō)明:1. 祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句,若前面是否定結(jié)構(gòu),則附加問(wèn)句只能用 will you。若前面是肯定結(jié)構(gòu),附加問(wèn)句用 will you,也可用 wont / would / can / cant you 或 shall we 等,它形式上是反意疑問(wèn)句,但并不表示正式的疑問(wèn)句,也不表示反意,而是表示邀請(qǐng)或表示請(qǐng)求。如:Eg: Close all the windows, will you / wont you? 把所有的窗戶都關(guān)上,好嗎?Dont go to the park by bus, will you? 別乘公共汽車去公園,好嗎?2. lets 用于提出建議并包括對(duì)方時(shí),其附加問(wèn)句用 shall we。let us 表示征求對(duì)方許可,其附加問(wèn)句用 will you。let + 第三人稱時(shí),其附加問(wèn)句用 will you。這種反意疑問(wèn)句往往用來(lái)表示進(jìn)一步征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn),使口氣變得客氣、委婉一些。如:Eg: Lets go to see the pandas, shall we? 咱們首先去看熊貓,好嗎?Let us wait until 5:00, will you? 讓我們等到5點(diǎn),好嗎? 五、 英語(yǔ)選擇疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成及用法 (一)、提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的情況或事物來(lái)讓聽(tīng)話人對(duì)它作出判斷或選擇,這樣的疑問(wèn)句就叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。這樣的疑問(wèn)句不能用 yes 或 no 來(lái)回答,只能從句子中選擇一部分作為問(wèn)題的答案。選擇疑問(wèn)句,or 前面的部分讀升調(diào),or 后面的部分讀降調(diào)。如:Eg:Are you a soldier or a worker? 你是士兵還是工人?Im a worker. 我是工人。選擇疑問(wèn)句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式:1. 一般疑問(wèn)句 + or + 一般疑問(wèn)句?如:Eg: Have you been there or will you go there? 你是已經(jīng)去過(guò)那兒還將要去那兒?Can you speak English or can she speak English? 是你會(huì)講英語(yǔ)還是她會(huì)講英語(yǔ)?當(dāng)or后面的疑問(wèn)句與or前面的疑問(wèn)句有相同部分時(shí),相同部分一般省略。如:Eg: Will you go to work in Shanghai or (will you go to work ) in Shenzhen after your graduation? 你畢業(yè)以后是在上海工作還是去深圳工作呢?2. Which / Who 所引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,A or B? 如:Eg: Which do you like better, this one or that one? 你更喜歡哪一個(gè),這一個(gè)還是那個(gè)?Who are you waiting for, Li Lei or Li Ming? 你在等誰(shuí),是李蕾還是李明? (二)、英語(yǔ)反意疑問(wèn)句的回答及翻譯 1. 肯定反意疑問(wèn)句的回答當(dāng)陳述部分為否定式,反意疑問(wèn)句為肯定式時(shí),其回答往往與漢語(yǔ)不一致,需特別引起注意: Eg: It isnt cheap, is it? Yes, it is. “它不便宜吧?”“不,很便宜。”He doesnt love her, does he? No, he doesnt.“他不愛(ài)她,是嗎?”“是的,他不愛(ài)她。”2. 否定反意疑問(wèn)句的回答當(dāng)陳述部分為肯定式,反意疑問(wèn)句為否定式時(shí),其回答一般不會(huì)造成困難,一般只需照情況回答即可:Eg: Its new, isnt it? Yes, it is. “是新的,對(duì)嗎?”“對(duì),是新的。”He wants to go, doesnt he? No, he doesnt. “他想去,對(duì)嗎?”“不,他不想去?!?. 回答反意疑問(wèn)句的原則回答反意疑問(wèn)句通常應(yīng)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)確定,如有人問(wèn)你You are asleep, arent you? 你應(yīng)回答No, Im not. 因?yàn)榧热荒隳芑卮?,肯定你還沒(méi)有asleep。但如果別人問(wèn)你 You arent asleep, are you?(你還沒(méi)有睡著,對(duì)嗎),你也只能回答No, Im not.(是的,還沒(méi)有睡著),而不能回答為Yes, Im not. 也不能回答成 Yes, I am. 六、英語(yǔ)特殊疑問(wèn)句的用法 用特殊疑問(wèn)代詞或特殊疑問(wèn)副詞所引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。這種疑問(wèn)句不能用yes或no來(lái)回答,而應(yīng)根據(jù)具體情況作具體回答。疑問(wèn)句常用降調(diào)。1. 疑問(wèn)代詞:(1) what 問(wèn)事物、情況或人的職業(yè)身份;如:Eg: Whats that over there? 那邊的那個(gè)是什么?What do you like best? 你最喜歡什么?Whats your favorite subject? 你最喜歡的是哪一學(xué)科?注意特殊意義的特殊疑問(wèn)句:Eg: What day is it today? 今天星期幾?Whats the date today? 今天是幾號(hào)?What is your father? 你父親是干什么的?Whats Lee like? 李像個(gè)什么樣的人?(可以用來(lái)問(wèn)相貌也可用來(lái)問(wèn)人品) Whats the weather like today? 今天的天氣怎么樣? What does sb. / sth. look like? 某人或某物是什么樣子?(問(wèn)外貌) What do you think about sb. / sth. 你認(rèn)為某人或某物怎么樣?(詢問(wèn)你對(duì)某人或某物的評(píng)價(jià)) 。What will you go there for? 你去那兒干什么呢?(問(wèn)目的) What book do you want? 你想什么書?(2) who 問(wèn)人(作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)) ,如:Eg: Whos the man speaking over there? 在那邊說(shuō)話的那人是誰(shuí)?(3) whom問(wèn)人(作賓語(yǔ)) ,如:Eg: Whom / who are you talking about? 你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l(shuí)?(4) whose問(wèn)人(作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)) ,如:Eg: Whose is this? 這是誰(shuí)的?Whose bag is this? 這是誰(shuí)的口袋?Whose did you take? 你拿了誰(shuí)的?(5) which 問(wèn)人或事物(表選擇) ,如:Eg: Which will you take? 你想拿哪一個(gè)?Which one would like to buy? 你想買哪一個(gè)?2. 疑問(wèn)副詞:(1) how 問(wèn)情況、方式、程度等,如:Eg: How do you go to school? 你是怎么上學(xué)的?How do work out the problem? 你是如何算出這道習(xí)題的?注意具有特殊意義的疑問(wèn)句:How do you do? 你好嗎?(初次見(jiàn)面用語(yǔ)) How are you? 你好嗎?(熟悉人之間的問(wèn)候語(yǔ)) How is your father? 你父親好嗎?(詢問(wèn)他人情況) How do you like sth. / sb. ? / How do you find sth. / sb. ? 你認(rèn)為某人或某東西怎么樣?相當(dāng)于What do you think about sb. / sth. How can I get there? 我怎么去那兒?How old are you? 你多大了?How far is it from here to your school? 從這兒到你學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?How much is five and three? 五加三等于幾?How much is a kilo of pork? 一公斤豬肉多少錢?How long is it? 它有多長(zhǎng)?How long will you stay there? 你講在那兒呆多久?How soon will you come back? 你過(guò)多就回來(lái)?How often do you have a sports class? 你每隔多久上一次體育課。(2) when 問(wèn)時(shí)間,如:Eg: When will you come here again?你什么時(shí)候再來(lái)?(3) where 問(wèn)地點(diǎn)、處所,如:Eg: Where will you spend your holiday this summer? 今年夏天到哪里去度假?(4) why 問(wèn)原因,如:Eg: Why do you not believe me? 你為什么不相信我呀?六、五種特殊情況的反意疑問(wèn)句 1. 當(dāng)陳述部分是Im時(shí)。反意疑問(wèn)句通常用 arent I:Eg: Im wrong, arent I? 我錯(cuò)了,是嗎?Im older than you, arent I? 我年紀(jì)比你大,對(duì)不對(duì)?2. 當(dāng)陳述部分是I wish時(shí)。反意疑問(wèn)句通常用may I:Eg: I wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他們一起去,可以嗎?3. 當(dāng)陳述部分為省略句時(shí)。反意疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)通常應(yīng)視省略的情況而定:Eg: A nice girl, isnt she? 她是個(gè)好姑娘,對(duì)吧? What a nice day, isnt it? 天氣真好,是吧?4. 當(dāng)陳述部分有used to時(shí)。反意疑問(wèn)句可用used to或did:Eg: He used to come here, usednt didnt he? 他過(guò)去常來(lái)這兒,是嗎?5. 當(dāng)陳述部分有had better時(shí)。反意疑問(wèn)句用had:Eg: Hed better leave here, hadnt he? 他最好離開(kāi)這兒,是嗎? (七)、陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法用yes或no來(lái)回答的疑問(wèn)句,一般疑問(wèn)句用升調(diào)。陳述句變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí)分三種情況:1. 陳述句中有系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should, had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought時(shí),將這些系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移到句首,并在句末加上問(wèn)號(hào)。如:Eg :Ill go to the History Museum this afternoon. Will you go to the History Museum this afternoon? 今天下午你去了歷史博物館嗎?I visited Beijing last month. Did you visit Beijing last month? 上個(gè)月你參觀了北京嗎?在對(duì)疑問(wèn)句進(jìn)行回答時(shí),須注意:(1) 當(dāng)回答could, would所提的問(wèn)題時(shí),一般用can, will. 如:Eg: Could you help me with my homework this evening? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. Would you go there right now? Yes, I will. / No, I wont. 在對(duì)方向你表示邀請(qǐng)時(shí),可用OK, sorry等來(lái)替代Yes,No. (2) 在對(duì)用may所提問(wèn)題的否定回答時(shí),一般用mustnt / cant;而在對(duì)用 must所提的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行否定回答時(shí),一般用neednt / dont have to. 如:Eg: May I use your bike now? Yes, you may. / No, you cant. (mustnt) Must I stay at school this afternoon?Yes, you must. / No, you neednt (dont have to). 2. 原陳述中沒(méi)有系動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞be, have / has, do, will, would, shall, should had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought時(shí),則在句首加助動(dòng)詞Do的適當(dāng)形式,同時(shí),將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵蝿?dòng)詞。如:Eg: We speak Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? 你講漢語(yǔ)嗎?I went shopping yesterday. Did you go shopping yesterday? 昨天你去買東西了嗎?3. 原陳述句中,若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是have / has, 則須考慮have / has的意義。如果have / has是“有”的意義時(shí),變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí),既可在句首加Do的適當(dāng)形式,也可將have / has,提到句首。如:Eg: He has a beautiful pen. Has he a beautiful pen? / does he have a beautiful pen? 他有一只漂亮的鋼筆嗎?但若have / has,的意思不是“有”時(shí),變?yōu)橐蓡?wèn)句時(shí),則必須在句手加Do的適當(dāng)形式。如Eg: I have lunch at home. Do you have lunch at home? 你在家吃中飯嗎?We had a meeting last night. Did you have a meeting last night? 昨天晚上你開(kāi)會(huì)了嗎?4. 原陳述句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to時(shí),它的一般疑問(wèn)句,可將used移到句首;也可在句首加Did 。如:Eg: I used to go swimming in the river. Did you use to go swimming in the river? / Used you to go swimming in the river? 你過(guò)去常常去那條河里游泳嗎?5. 當(dāng)心need, dare兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞。這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞既可以做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又可以做行為動(dòng)詞。做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),直接將它們移到句首。此時(shí),若用need的問(wèn)句,肯定回答時(shí)用must,否定回答時(shí),用neednt。若作行為動(dòng)詞,則用Do的適當(dāng)?shù)男问教釂?wèn)。如:Eg: Need I come here tomorrow?Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. I need to go to school now. Do you need to go to school now?Dare you tell your father about it? Do you dare to go out at night?祈使句的反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成:1. 基本原則若陳述部分為祈使句,反意疑問(wèn)句通常用will you, wont you, would you等:Eg: Mail the letter today, will you? 今天就把信發(fā)掉,好嗎? Try to be back by two, wont you? 設(shè)法兩點(diǎn)之前回來(lái),好嗎? If you want help, let me know, would you? 如果你需要幫助,告訴我,好嗎?【注】若陳述部分為否定式,則反意疑問(wèn)句部分只用will you:Eg: Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 請(qǐng)別忘了寄信。有時(shí)根據(jù)語(yǔ)境的需要,反意疑問(wèn)句也可以用can you, cant you 等:Eg: Give me some cigarettes, can you? 給我些香煙,可以嗎? Walk faster, cant you? 走快點(diǎn),不行嗎?一般說(shuō)來(lái),用will you, wont you, would you 等構(gòu)成的反意疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)氣較委婉。比較:Eg: Be quiet, will you? 請(qǐng)安靜,好嗎?Be quiet, cant you? 你不能安靜點(diǎn)嗎? 2. 當(dāng)祈使句為L(zhǎng)ets時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句總是用 shall we:Eg: Lets phone her now, shall we? 我們現(xiàn)在就給她打電話,好嗎?Lets go to the cinema tonight, shall we? 今晚咱們?nèi)タ措娪?,好嗎?3. 當(dāng)祈使句為L(zhǎng)et us時(shí),若表示請(qǐng)求,反意疑問(wèn)句用will you,若表示建議,反意疑問(wèn)句用 shall we:Eg: Let us know your address, will you? 請(qǐng)把你的地址告訴我們,好嗎?Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我們一起去游泳好嗎?【注】lets只表示建議,所以其后反意疑問(wèn)句總是用shall we。而let us既可表示建議請(qǐng)求,也可表示建議(較正式),其后的反意疑問(wèn)句要根據(jù)這兩種不同情況分別使用will you和shall we。4. 當(dāng)祈使句帶有主語(yǔ)時(shí),有時(shí)祈使句帶有自己的主語(yǔ),此時(shí)不要將其誤認(rèn)為是陳述句:Eg: Jim, you go there to help him, will you? 吉姆,你去那兒幫他,好嗎?You girls stand in the front row, will you? 你們女孩子站在前排,好嗎?【注】不要將這類祈使句誤認(rèn)為是陳述句,而誤用dont you這樣的反意疑問(wèn)句。含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句1. 基本原則在通常情況下,當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句會(huì)重復(fù)前面同樣的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:Eg: The boy can read and write, cant he? 這男孩會(huì)讀寫,是嗎?We shouldnt help him, should we? 我們不應(yīng)該幫助他,對(duì)嗎?You couldnt lend me any money, could you? 你不會(huì)借錢給我,對(duì)嗎?2. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有must時(shí)要分兩種情況:(1) 若must表示“必須”或“有必要”,反意疑問(wèn)句用 mustnt 或neednt:You must leave at once, mustnt neednt you? 他必須(有必要)馬上離開(kāi),是嗎?但是若陳述部分有mustnt表示禁止,反意疑問(wèn)句要must:Eg: You mustnt laugh, must you? 你不準(zhǔn)笑,知道嗎?(2) 若must表示推測(cè),反意疑問(wèn)句不能用must,而應(yīng)根據(jù)must后的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)采用相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞形式:Eg: He must be tired, isnt he? 他一定累了,是嗎?He must have read it, hasnt didnt he? 他一定讀過(guò)它,是嗎?He must have left yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定走了,是嗎?【注】當(dāng)陳述部分為“must+完成式”時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句可用have (has),也可用did。但若句中出現(xiàn)了過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則通常用did。(如上例所示) 3. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有 may 時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句根據(jù)情況可用maynt, mightnt, wont等:Eg: I may leave now, maynt I? 我可以走了,行嗎? He may be here next week, mightnt wont he? 他下星期可能來(lái)這里,是嗎?4. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有neednt時(shí), 反意疑問(wèn)句通常用need,有時(shí)也用must:Eg: We neednt tell him, need must we? 我們不必告訴他,對(duì)嗎?5. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有ought to時(shí), 反意疑問(wèn)句在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中用ought to,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中用should:Eg: We ought to leave early, oughtnt shouldnt we? 我們應(yīng)該早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身,對(duì)不對(duì)? 反意疑問(wèn)句的肯定與否定形式 1. 基本原則在通常情況下,陳述部分與疑問(wèn)部分的肯定彼此相反,即陳述部分為肯定式時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用否定式,陳述部分為否定式時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定式:Eg: He has read the novel, hasnt he? 他讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō),是嗎?Jim didnt come to the meeting, did he? 吉姆沒(méi)有來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì),是嗎?2. 當(dāng)陳述部分含半否定詞時(shí)若陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定式:Eg: Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉,是嗎?Few people like such a man, do they? 很少有人會(huì)喜歡那樣的人,是嗎?He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少來(lái)看你,是嗎?Nothing in the book is interesting, is it? 這本書里沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)是有趣的,是嗎?3. 當(dāng)陳述部分含否定前綴時(shí),若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴的詞,反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定式:Eg: It is unfair, isnt it? 這不公平,不是嗎?It is impossible, isnt it? 那是不可能的,是嗎?4. 同向反意疑問(wèn)句同向反意疑問(wèn)句即陳述部分和疑問(wèn)部分同時(shí)為肯定或同時(shí)為否定。這類反意疑問(wèn)句往往具有一定的感情 色彩,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)、驚訝、懷疑等:Eg: Im afraid you failed the exam. I failed, did I? What a shame! “你恐怕沒(méi)考及格?!薄皼](méi)及格?真丟人?!薄咀ⅰ窟@類反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分句首有時(shí)有so或oh:Eg: So you did not go, didnt you? 所以你就沒(méi)去,是不是?Hes an artist.Oh, hes an artist, is he? “他是位藝術(shù)家?!薄鞍?,他是藝術(shù)家嗎?”英語(yǔ)反意疑問(wèn)句重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)歸納: A. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是I,附加疑問(wèn)部分一般用arent I。Eg: I am strong and healthy, arent I? 我很強(qiáng)健,對(duì)嗎?注意:若是用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分用do you。如: I dont like that film, do you? B. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等表示人的復(fù)合代詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用he, 但口語(yǔ)中多用they。如: Eg: Nobody wants to go there, does he/do they? 沒(méi)有人想去那里,是不是?C. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是everything, nothing, anything, something等表示物的不定代詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)用it。如: Eg:Everything seems all right now, doesnt it? 似乎一切順利,是不是? D. 當(dāng)陳述部分的主語(yǔ)是指示代詞this, that或these, those時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)分別用it和they。如: Eg: This is important, isnt it? 此事很重要,是不是? These are your books, arent they? 這些是你的書,是不是?E. 如果陳述部分是以代詞one作主語(yǔ),附加疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)在正式場(chǎng)合用one,非正式場(chǎng)合用you,在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中,非正式場(chǎng)合下還可以用he。例如: Eg: One cant be too careful, can one/can you? 越仔細(xì)越好,對(duì)不對(duì)? One should do his duty, shouldnt he? 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)盡職,對(duì)不對(duì)? F. 當(dāng)陳述句為 there be 結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)句中的主語(yǔ)也用 there。如: Eg: Theres something wrong, isnt there? 出問(wèn)題了,是不是? G. 當(dāng)陳述句子中的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或其他短語(yǔ)時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分的主語(yǔ)通常用 it。例如: Eg: Learning English well takes a long time, doesnt it? 學(xué)好英語(yǔ)需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,是不是?Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it? 去哪里開(kāi)會(huì)還沒(méi)決定,是不是?H. 陳述部分有neither . . . nor . . . , both . . . and . . . , 連接二個(gè)主語(yǔ),問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg: Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? 你我都沒(méi)錯(cuò),是嗎?Both Tom and Mary are new here, arent they? 湯姆和瑪麗是新來(lái)的,是不是?I. 陳述部分帶有 hardly, seldom, rarely, never, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定詞或半否定詞時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分的動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。如: Eg: She seldom goes to the cinema, does she? 她很少去看電影,是嗎?J. 如果陳述部分含帶有表示否定的前綴或后綴時(shí),附加疑問(wèn)部分仍用否定形式。如: Eg: Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he? 湯姆不喜歡這本書,對(duì)不?She is fearless, isnt she? 她什么都不怕,對(duì)不對(duì)?K. 陳述部分有too . . . to . . . , 表示“太而不能”時(shí),疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式。如:Eg: He is too excited to say a word, is he? 他興奮得說(shuō)不出話來(lái),對(duì)嗎?L. 陳述部分用 so 開(kāi)頭,疑問(wèn)句的肯定或否定與陳述句相同,表驚訝、不滿或懷疑等情緒。如:Eg: So you are getting married, are you? 那么說(shuō)你已結(jié)婚了,是嗎?So you dont want to go with us, dont you? 那么,你不想和我們一塊去,是嗎?M. 當(dāng)陳述部分的 must 表示“必須”時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用 mustnt 或 neednt。若有表示禁止的 mustnt 時(shí),要用 must。如: Eg: I must answer the letter, mustnt I? 我必須要回這封信,是不是?You must leave for Beijing next week, neednt you? 你下周要去北京,對(duì)不?You mustnt smoke here, must you? 你不得在這抽煙,好嗎?但是,如果 must 表示推測(cè)時(shí),要根據(jù) must 后的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)決定。如: Eg: He must be at home, isnt he? 他一定在家,對(duì)不對(duì)?You must have made a mistake, havent you? 你一定是弄錯(cuò)了,對(duì)嗎?They must have seen the film last night, didnt they? 他們昨晚一定是看了那部電影,對(duì)不對(duì)? 注:前句含表示推測(cè)的 must have done,若有 already, for two days 等完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用 havent;有l(wèi)ast night, yesterday 等明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),用 didnt;若兩類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都沒(méi)有,根據(jù)情況用 havent 或 didnt 都可以。N. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 used to 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分可用 usednt 或 didnt。Eg: Tom used to live here, usednt he/didnt he? 湯姆過(guò)去住在這里,是嗎? O. 當(dāng)陳述部分帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ought to 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用 oughtnt 或 shouldnt。Eg: We ought to read this book, oughtnt /shouldnt we? 我們應(yīng)當(dāng)看看這本書,對(duì)不對(duì)?P. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有 had better 時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用 had。Eg: Youd better finish your homework first, hadnt you? 你最好先完成作業(yè),好不好? Q. 陳述句是 I wish,疑問(wèn)部分用may I。如: I wish to have a chance to le

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