完形填空-議論文整理及詳細(xì)解析.doc

英語完形填空之議論文突破議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章。議論文的目的不僅是客觀的解釋事物，還力圖說服讀者相信并接受某一觀點(diǎn)。英語議論文不完全等同于漢語的議論文，它涉及的范圍要小得多。有人把英語中的議論文舊理解為論證文、推理文或辯論文，還有人直接將議論文歸入到了說明文當(dāng)中。但筆者認(rèn)為就寫作目的與寫作手法而言，英語議論文與英語說明文還是有一定的區(qū)別的。首先，英語說明文主要是對提出的主題進(jìn)行“說明”和“闡述”，并不進(jìn)行正反評判和推理，也不強(qiáng)迫讀者接受作者的觀點(diǎn)；而英語議論文主要是就某一主題，在擺出正反兩方面觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過論證、推理辯論等手段，試圖讓讀者最終接受作者對這一主題的某種觀點(diǎn)。盡管有時(shí)也不一定非常明確的交待正反觀點(diǎn)，但力圖通過推理讓讀者贊同自己的觀點(diǎn)始終是英語議論文的主要目的。不管是在漢語中，還是在英語中，議論文都是由論點(diǎn)（作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是被證明的對象、論據(jù)（用來證明論點(diǎn)的依據(jù)，是說明論點(diǎn)的理由和材料）和論證（運(yùn)用論據(jù)證明論點(diǎn)的過程與方法），這三個(gè)要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個(gè)提出問題分析問題解決問題的過程。因此，典型的議論文一般就由序論（提出問題，即what）、本論（分析問題，即why）和結(jié)論（解決問題，即how）三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，其具體的結(jié)構(gòu)模式又有以下三種：模式一：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）正方論點(diǎn)心（支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的較弱論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)2（支持作者的觀點(diǎn)的較強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)3（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的最強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，文章主體段（中間部分）的每一個(gè)部分論述一個(gè)論點(diǎn)，這些論點(diǎn)以其重要性按序排列，最有力、最重要的論點(diǎn)在最后面，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。模式二：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）反面意見（反方觀點(diǎn)+作者的反駁）、正方論點(diǎn)1（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的較弱論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)2（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的較強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）、正方論點(diǎn)3（支持作者觀點(diǎn)的最強(qiáng)論點(diǎn)）結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，文章立體段的一開始就提出對立方的反面意見及作者對這種意見的反駁，以后各部分仍分別陳述作者的不同論點(diǎn)。模式三：引言段（提出觀點(diǎn)）反方觀點(diǎn)1+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)、反方觀點(diǎn)2+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)、反方觀點(diǎn)3+進(jìn)行反駁的正方論點(diǎn)結(jié)論段（總結(jié)+解決方法，論斷或建議）在這種模式中，作者在文章主體段的每一部分都先提出一個(gè)反面觀點(diǎn)，然后再進(jìn)行反駁。議論文有自己的語言個(gè)性，它不同于記敘文的生動(dòng)形象，也不同于說明文的簡明易懂。議論是對具體事物、事理作出的理論上分析與闡述，因此，它的語言自然客觀的、抽象的、概括的。同時(shí)，它的語言也很準(zhǔn)確，合乎邏輯。文中會(huì)較多地使用，諸如since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in that case（在那種情況下），so（所以），It follows that（因而），If，we may conclude that （如果，我們可以這樣下結(jié)論），Should it be the case （如果是這樣的話），Idont want to,but（我并不想），It is true that,but（誠然但是）,Even if （即使）等有辯論和推理含義的連接和過渡詞語與結(jié)構(gòu)，以增強(qiáng)語言的準(zhǔn)確性和邏輯性。此外，作者的寫作態(tài)度一般也較誠懇，在文章中通常使用的是與讀者平等交流的語氣，不會(huì)給人以居高臨下、以勢居人、逼人接受的感覺，在遣詞造句方面多使用虛擬語氣、讓步狀語從句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。同學(xué)們在解答議論文體的完形填空時(shí)，首先要讀懂第一節(jié)，尤其是文章的第一句話，這樣就可以迅速找到文章所要論證的觀點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而理解全文的主旨大意。其次要用心體會(huì)，作者謀篇布局的方法，了解各個(gè)段落的功能，感受作者論證的過程。最后再循著作者的思路重讀全文，推敲各空答案。（一）If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a _36_ reason, such as your job or your studies? _37_ perhaps you are interested in the _38_, films or the music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a _39_ of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of _40_, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They _41_ an environment where you can practice under the _42_ of someone whos good at the language. We all lead _43_ lives and learning a language takes _44_. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a _45_. It doesnt matter if you havent got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes _46_.Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “Im too _47_,” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more _48_ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any _49_. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. Ive also heard people _50_ about the mistakes they make when _51_. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes _52_ youre much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never _53_. But with some work and devotion, youll make progress. And youll be _54_ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in _55_ own language. Good luck!36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or38. A literature B. transport C. Agriculture D. medicine39. A view B. knowledge C. form D. database40. A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide42. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place45. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project46. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more47. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school50. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel51. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning52. A. if B. and C. but D. before53. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed55. A. their B. his C. our D, your定文體抓主旨：本文是一篇關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)新語言的議論文。首先要搞清楚學(xué)習(xí)的原因；然后談到定期學(xué)習(xí)更容易成功，貴在堅(jiān)持，不要怕犯錯(cuò)誤，多努力，一定會(huì)取得進(jìn)步的。本篇難度：容易。篇章結(jié)構(gòu)：段落關(guān)鍵詞大意推測第一部分（para.1）learn a new language; think about ; why; your job or your studies; interested學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言，首先考慮為什么學(xué)；為工作或者學(xué)習(xí)；或則只是感興趣。第二部分（para.2）traditional classes; an ideal start; have more success; study regularly; learning to get by傳統(tǒng)的課堂對于學(xué)習(xí)語言來說是一個(gè)理想的開始；如果你定期地學(xué)習(xí)，你會(huì)取得更多的成功；學(xué)得說得過去花的時(shí)間不長。第三部分（para.3）start learning; soon give up; can learn a language; good for the health; the mistakes; relax and laugh; less likely to make them有人開始學(xué)習(xí)之后不久就放棄；你可以在任何年齡學(xué)習(xí)一門語言；學(xué)習(xí)對你大腦的健康有好處；犯錯(cuò)誤沒關(guān)系，放松并自我解嘲，以后不太可能再犯。第四部分（para.4）some work and devotion; make progress; positive reaction; just a few words付出一些努力和投入，你會(huì)取得進(jìn)步的；只需說幾個(gè)外語詞匯，人們就會(huì)有積極的反應(yīng)。解析：36C。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。根據(jù)下文such as your job or your studies可知是實(shí)用的（practical）理由。其余三選項(xiàng)分別意為：技術(shù)的；政治的；身體的，物理的。37D。 把握句間的邏輯關(guān)系。此句與前句同為第一句所提到的關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)一種新語言的原因，兩者之間為選擇關(guān)系，故選or。38A。 利用詞匯間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，與語言學(xué)習(xí)關(guān)系最密切，且能和films和music并列的，就是A選項(xiàng)literature（文學(xué)）。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：交通；農(nóng)業(yè)；醫(yī)藥。39B。 考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。have a good knowledge of something意為：精通，掌握，對很熟悉。40C。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。句意：大部分人通過各種各樣的方法（methods）學(xué)得最好，但是傳統(tǒng)課堂對許多人來說是個(gè)理想的開始。41D。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。傳統(tǒng)的課堂提供（provide）一個(gè)環(huán)境，在其中你可以在某個(gè)擅長于這種語言的人的指導(dǎo)（guidance）下練習(xí)。前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：保護(hù)；改變；尊重，均不符合語境。42C。 參見上題解析。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：控制；命令；壓力，均不符合語境。43A。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系解題。我們都過著忙碌的（busy）生活并且學(xué)習(xí)一門語言需要時(shí)間。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：快樂的；簡單的；正常的，均不符合語境，44B。 根據(jù)生活常識及語境解題。學(xué)習(xí)一門語言當(dāng)然需要花費(fèi)時(shí)間（time）。其余三項(xiàng)和take搭配分別意為：鼓起勇氣；消耗能量；發(fā)生。45C。 根據(jù)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。前面有“regularly（定期地）”,可知選routine（常規(guī)，慣例）。46B。 根據(jù)句間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)前面的take years（花很多年時(shí)間）和but（轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系），可知選a lot less（花的時(shí)間少得多）。47 A。 根據(jù)上下文語境解題。根據(jù)下文的“Yes, children do learn languages more _48_ than adults”可知，有些人覺得自己太老（old）了。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：緊張；虛弱；疲勞，均不符合語境。48 B。根據(jù)生活常識解題。一般來說，小孩學(xué)習(xí)語言的確比成年人要快（quickly）。49. A。根據(jù)句間的邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說小孩學(xué)習(xí)語言的確比成年人要快，后面but轉(zhuǎn)折說研究表明你可以在任何年齡（age）學(xué)習(xí)語言。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別為：速度；距離；學(xué)校，均不符合題意。50 A。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。下句出現(xiàn)了“Well, relax and laugh”，可知人們擔(dān)心（worry about）他們犯的錯(cuò)誤。51D。 利用原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)解題。前面反復(fù)出現(xiàn)learn、learning，可知此處選D。其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別意為：唱歌；工作；討價(jià)還價(jià)，均不符合語境。52B。 考查固定句型：祈使句+ and。句意：放松并自我解嘲一下自己的錯(cuò)誤，這樣你就不太可能再次犯這些錯(cuò)誤。兩句間為順承關(guān)系。53 D。 根據(jù)下文暗示解題。根據(jù)下文“But with some work and devotion, youll make progress”可知，學(xué)習(xí)一門新的語言從來都不容易（easy）。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：令人厭煩的；困難的，努力的，堅(jiān)硬的；有趣的，均不符合題意。54 B。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。根據(jù)后面的“the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words”可知，你只說幾句話，人們就與積極的反應(yīng)，因此會(huì)amazed（驚奇的）。其余三項(xiàng)分別意為：被責(zé)備；被打斷；被告知，均不符合題意。55A。 根據(jù)句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系解題。前面說“the positive reaction of some people”，可知是說一些他們（their）自己的語言的詞匯。（二） Are you carrying too much on your back at school? Lots of kids(孩子) at the same age as you are.Not only are students in China 1_ from this problem, but kids in the United States are 2_ fed up with（飽受之苦） heavy school bags.Experts are starting to 3_ that more and more young students are having back and neck problems as a result of school bags 4_ too heavy for them.“Its hard for me to get up the 5_ with my bag because its so heavy,” said Rich Hammond, 6_11-year-old student in the US.Rick is among the students who have 7_ backpacks（背包）with two straps(帶子) to carry them, 8_ a number of other students choose rolling backpacks.But even with rolling backpacks, 9_ up stairs and buses with them is 10_ a problem for kids. Many of them have hurt their knees, backs or necks because of heavy school bags.But how much is too 11_? Experts say students should carry 12_ more than 10 to 15 per cent of their own body weight.Scott Bautch, a Wisconsin 13_doctor, said kids under 4th grade should 14_with 10 per cent. But its also important that older kids dont go 15_ 15 percent, because their bones are still growing.Bautch explained that there are other injuries caused by backpacks. “Kids are 16_ their balance and falling down with these backpacks,” he said.Parents and teachers are starting to tell the kids to only take 17_ library books they will be reading that night. Some teachers are using worksheets(作業(yè)紙) or 18_ workbooks for students to take home.One of the best answers is, as some 19_ themselves suggested, to have no homework 20_!1.A.meeting B. facing C. experiencing D. suffering2.A.already B. always C. yet D. also3.A.explain B. say C. worry D. announce4.A.being B. be C. are D. is5.A.schools B. stairs C. houses D. homes6.A.this B. that C. a D. an7.A.special B. unusual C. ordinary D. regular8.A.when B. then C. but D. and9.A.getting B. climbing C. going D. turning10.A.only B. still C. even D. just11.A.more B. very C. much D. many12.A.no B. not C. any D. much13.A.children B. student C. bag D. back14.A.carry B. stay C. take D. bring15.A.about B. under C. beyond D. before16.A.keeping B. missing C. losing D. making17.A.home B. class C. school D. city18.A.valuable B. thin C. important D. interesti