汽車常見術(shù)語(英語).doc

第一類 MOTOR VEHICLE 汽車28一、Vehicle classification 汽車分類1.1 Car 轎車序號英 文中 文1passenger car轎 車2minicar微型轎車3subcompact car普通級轎車4compact car中級轎車5intermediate car中高級轎車6limousine car高級轎車1.2 Bus 客車序號英 文中 文1bus客 車2mini-bus微型客車3light bus輕型客車4medium bus中型客車5large bus大型客車6extra bus特大型客車7articulated bus鉸鏈客車8double-deck bus雙層客車1.3 Motor truck 貨車序號英 文中 文1motor truck貨 車2mini- truck微型貨車3light truck輕型貨車4medium truck中型貨車5heavy truck重型貨車6off-road vehicle越野汽車1.4 special purpose vehicle 專用汽車序號英 文中 文1special purpose vehicle專用汽車2van廂式汽車3tanker罐式汽車4dump truck自卸汽車序號英 文中 文5semi-trailer towing vehicle半掛牽引汽車6full-trailer toeing vehicle全掛牽引汽車二、Vehicle construction 汽車構(gòu)造2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽車主要組成序號英 文中 文1engine 發(fā)動機2front axle前 橋3wheel車 輪4clutch離合器5gearbox變速器6propeller shaft傳動軸7universal joint萬向節(jié)8final drive and differential主減速器和差速器9rear axle后 橋10body車 身2.2 Vehicle performance 汽車性能序號英 文中 文1maximum speed of the automobile汽車最高車速2time of acceleration of the automobile汽車加速時間3maximum gradability of the automobile汽車最大爬坡度4constant-speed fuel econ-omy of the automobile汽車等速油耗5economical speed of the automobile汽車經(jīng)濟車速2.3 engine position 發(fā)動機布置序號英 文中 文1front engine , rear wheeldrive前置發(fā)動機，后輪驅(qū)動2rear engine , rear wheeldrive后置發(fā)動機，后輪驅(qū)動序號英 文中 文3front engine , front wheeldrive前置發(fā)動機，前輪驅(qū)動4under cab-floor engine駕駛室下置發(fā)動機5underfloor engine車廂地板下置發(fā)動機三、Vehicle dimensions汽車尺寸序號英 文中 文1vehicle overall length車長2vehicle overall width車寬3vehicle overall height車高4front overhang前懸5Rear overhang后懸6wheelbase軸距7tread輪距8ground clearance 最小離地間隙9angle of incidence接近角10descent angle離去角四、Wheel alignment前輪定位序號英 文中 文1caster 主銷后傾2steering axis inclination主銷內(nèi)傾3camber 前輪外傾4toe-in前輪前束五、Diameter of turning circle 轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑序號英 文中 文1steering angle 轉(zhuǎn)向角2outside diameter of minimum turning circle最小轉(zhuǎn)彎外徑3minimum turning circlediameter最小轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑4Inside diameter of minimum turning circle最小轉(zhuǎn)彎內(nèi)徑5Turning clearance circle轉(zhuǎn)彎通道圓第二類 ENGINE 發(fā)動機一、Engine construction 發(fā)動機構(gòu)造序號英 文中 文1rocker arm cover搖臂罩2valve rocker arm氣門搖臂3camshaft凸輪軸4camshaft drive凸輪軸驅(qū)動輪5spark plug lead火花塞導線6timing belt cover正時皮帶罩7valve spring氣門彈簧8poppet valve菌形氣門9piston活塞10connecting rod連桿11timing belt正時皮帶12combustion chamber燃燒室13cylinder block汽缸體14water jacket 水套15oil filter機油濾清器16flywheel飛輪17ring gear齒圈18oil gage機油標尺19oil pan/sump油底殼20crankshaft曲軸21drain plug放油孔塞22v-belt pulleyV型皮帶輪二、Essential term 基本術(shù)語序號英 文中 文1cylinder diameter汽缸直徑2piston stroke活塞行程3crank radius曲軸半徑4piston displacement活塞排量5compression chamber volume壓縮室容積6total cylinder volume總汽缸容積7top dead center上止點8bottom dead center下止點三、Engine operation principle 發(fā)動機工作原理3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation principle四沖程汽油機工作原理序號英 文中 文1intake stroke進氣行程2compression stroke壓縮行程3expansion stroke膨脹行程4exhaust stroke 排氣行程5combustible mixture可燃混合氣6intake valve進氣門7spark plug火花塞8exhaust valve排氣門9exhaust gas廢氣3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational principle四沖程柴油機工作原理序號英 文中 文1intake stroke進氣行程2compression stroke壓縮行程3expansion stroke膨脹行程4exhaust stroke 排氣行程5intake進氣6compression壓縮7combustion燃燒8expansion膨脹9exhaust排氣10air空氣11injector噴油器12exhaust gas廢氣3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation principle二沖程汽油機工作原理序號英 文中 文1combustible mixture可燃混合氣2inlet port進氣口3crankcase曲軸箱4precompressed mixture預壓混合氣序號英 文中 文5transfer canal輸氣道6intake port進氣口7exhaust port排氣口8exhaust gas廢氣9spark plug火花塞3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation principle二沖程柴油機工作原理1air空氣2blower pump掃氣泵3precompressed air預壓空氣4air chamber空氣室5inlet port 進氣口6injector噴油器7exhaust valve排氣門8exhaust gas廢氣四、Engine performance 發(fā)動機性能序號英 文中 文1fixed throttle characteristics速度特性2part throttle characteristics 負荷特性3engine speed轉(zhuǎn)速4torque扭矩5horsepower功率6specific fuel consumption燃油消耗率五、Crank connecting rod mechanism曲柄連桿機構(gòu)5.1 Cylinder block 機體組序號英 文中 文1cylinder block汽缸體2cylinder liner汽缸套3cylinder bearing surface汽缸套表面4cylinder head汽缸蓋5inlet manifold mountingflange進氣歧管凸緣6oil inlet hole加油孔7cylinder head cover汽缸蓋罩序號英 文中 文8cylinder head gasket汽缸蓋襯墊9oil filter mounting flange機油濾清器凸緣10ventilating pipe mounting seat通風管座11cylinder block stiffeningrib汽缸體加強肋12rear main bearing cover后主軸承罩13main bearing cap主軸承蓋14oil sumppan gasket油底殼襯墊15oil sump/pan油底殼16fuel pump mountingflange燃油泵凸緣17ignition distributor mounting flange分電器凸緣18camshaft bearing bushseat凸輪軸軸承座19camshaft drive(gear)cover凸輪軸驅(qū)動齒輪罩20cylinder head covergasket汽缸蓋罩襯墊5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞連桿組序號英 文中 文1connecting rod shank連桿桿身2connecting rod small end連桿小頭3connecting rod bushing連桿襯套4spring clip彈簧卡環(huán)5piston pin活塞銷6piston head活塞頭部7piston ring groove活塞環(huán)槽8compression ring壓縮環(huán)9oil scraper ring 油環(huán)10piston skirt活塞裙部11piston pin boss活塞銷座12connecting rod bearing halfshell連桿軸瓦13connecting rod cap連桿螺栓14connecting rod cap連桿大頭蓋15Connecting rod end連桿大頭5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲軸飛輪組序號英 文中 文1crankshaft front end曲軸前端2front main journal前主軸頸3oil passage hole機油孔4crank pin 曲柄銷5crank web曲柄臂6counterweight 平衡重7crankshaft collar 曲軸后端凸緣8flywheel 飛輪9flywheel gear ring 飛輪齒圈10flywheel lock plate飛輪鎖片11clutch shaft bearing離合器軸軸承12main bearing halfshell(upper,lower)主軸承（上、下）軸瓦13crankshaft thrust halfring曲軸止推片14bearing tang軸瓦定位凸鍵六、Valve mechanism 配氣機構(gòu)6.1 Side valve 側(cè)置氣門序號英 文中 文1camshaft凸輪軸2cam凸輪3tappet氣門挺桿4side valve側(cè)置氣門5crankshaft timing gear曲軸正時齒輪6camshaft gear-wheel凸輪軸齒輪7gear drive齒輪傳動6.2 Overhead valve 頂置氣門序號英 文中 文1camshaft 凸輪軸2camfollower凸輪頂桿3push rod推桿4adjuster調(diào)整螺釘5cocker shaft搖臂軸6rocker shaft搖臂7valve spring氣門彈簧序號英 文中 文8valve 氣門9valve氣道10combustion chamber燃燒室6.3 Overhead valve 頂置氣門序號英 文中 文1camshaft front bearing凸輪軸前軸承2valve head氣門頭3valve stem氣門桿4tappet挺筒5lower valve spring collar氣門彈簧下環(huán)6outer valve spring外氣門彈簧7valve guide氣門導管8inner valve spring內(nèi)氣門彈簧9shielding cap護帽10oil flinger油封11upper valve spring collar氣門彈簧上環(huán)12valve split cone 氣門鎖片13closer螺塞14rocker shaft搖臂軸15rocker arm搖臂16rocker bracket搖臂支座17retaining washer定位搖臂18thrust washer止推搖臂19rocker adjusting screw搖臂調(diào)整螺釘20push rod推桿21camshaft rear bush凸輪軸后軸承22camshaft 凸輪軸23camshaft center bush凸輪軸中間軸承承承承24cam凸輪25oil pump driving gear機油泵驅(qū)動齒輪6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配氣相位圖序號英 文中 文1TDC（top dead center）上止點2BDC(bottom dead center)下止點3intake opens進氣門開序號英 文中 文4intake close進氣門關(guān)5exhaust opens排氣門開6exhaust closes排氣門關(guān)7direction of rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)方向七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system 汽油機供油泵7.1 Fuel system 供油泵序號英 文中 文1fuel level gauge 油面指示表2air cleaner空氣濾清器3carburetor化油器4inlet manifold進氣歧管5exhaust manifold排氣歧管6fuel pump汽油泵7fuel filter汽油濾清器8exhaust silencer排氣消聲器9fuel pipe油管10fuel tank汽油箱7.2 Air cleaner 空氣濾清器序號英 文中 文1intake tube進氣管2deflector knob 導流旋扭3air deflector空氣導流器4cleaner body濾清器殼5butterfly nut蝶形螺帽6filter cover濾清器蓋7filter seal ring濾清器密封環(huán)8cleaner cartridge濾清器濾芯9silencer element消聲元件10crankcase bleed pipe曲軸箱通風管11hot air pipe熱空氣管7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油濾清器序號英 文中 文1fuel pump base汽油泵座2diaphragm膜片序號英 文中 文3fuel inlet neck汽油進口4fuel pump body汽油泵殼5filter screen濾清器網(wǎng)6bowl cover泵蓋7fuel feed port汽油出口8distance washer調(diào)整間隔墊圈9diaphragm spring膜片彈簧10rocker arm搖臂11fulcrum pin杠桿支點銷12fuel filter汽油濾清器13filter body濾清器殼14filter cartridge 濾清器濾芯15glass bowl玻璃濾杯16bowl retaining clip濾杯支承夾7.4 Simple carburetor 簡單化油器序號英 文中 文1air cleaner空氣濾清器2valve needle針閥3float浮子4nozzle噴管5chock tube喉管6throttle valve節(jié)氣門7intake manifold進氣歧管8metering jet量孔9float chamber浮子室10intake valve進氣門7.5 Carburetor 化油器序號英 文中 文1down-draft carburetor下噴式化油器2nozzle噴管3float chamber浮子室4choke tube喉管5throttle valve節(jié)氣門6intake manifold進氣歧管7two-barrel carburetor雙管化油器序號英 文中 文8choke tube喉管9plug旋塞10filter gauze濾清器金屬絲網(wǎng)11fFuel inlet port進氣門口12valve seat閥座13valve needle針閥14float needle valve浮子針閥15float pivot pin 浮子銷16float 浮子17float chamber浮子室18accelerator pump加速泵7.6 Carburetor elements化油器零件序號英 文中 文1throttle lever節(jié)氣門桿2pull lever拉桿3release lever放松桿4throttle valve spindle節(jié)氣門軸5throttle valve節(jié)氣門6main metering jet主量孔7idle metering jet怠速量孔8accelerator pump discharge nozzle加速泵輸出噴管9ball valve球閥10emulsion pipe泡沫管11air jet 空氣噴孔12starting device jet起動噴孔13accelerator pump piston加速泵活塞14operating cam操縱凸輪15accerlerator pump lever加速泵桿16adjustable stop可調(diào)限位螺釘7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操縱件序號英 文中 文1throttle control lever節(jié)氣門操縱桿2connecting lever rod連接拉桿3cable wire拉索序號英 文中 文4connecting adaptor連接桿5cable hose拉索軟管6cable grommet拉索橡膠圈7throttle control cablehandle節(jié)氣門操縱拉鈕8choke control cablehandle阻風門操縱拉鈕9pedal lever bracket踏板拉桿支架10accelerator pedal加速踏板11accelerator pedal hinge加速踏板鉸鏈12accelerator pedal mounting bracket加速踏板安裝支架13flexible boot cap撓性防塵護套14roller滾子15accelerator pedal lever加速踏板杠桿16accelerator pedal return spring加速踏板回位彈簧7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油噴射序號英 文中 文1fuel tank汽油箱2electric fuel pump電動汽油泵3fuel filter 燃油濾清器4distributor pipe分油管5pressure regulator 壓力調(diào)節(jié)器6electronic control unit電控單元7injector噴油器8start valve起動閥9idle-speed adfusting screw怠速調(diào)節(jié)螺釘10throttle-valve switch節(jié)氣門開關(guān)11throttle valve節(jié)氣門12airflow sensor空氣流量計13relay繼電器組14oxygen sensor氧傳感器15coolant-temperature sensor冷卻液溫度傳感器16thermo time switch溫度時間開端17distributor分電器序號英 文中 文18auxiliary-air device補充空氣閥19idle-mixture adfustingscrew怠速混合氣調(diào)節(jié)螺釘20battery蓄電池21ignition starter switch點火起動開關(guān)7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector 電動汽油泵,噴油器序號英 文中 文1inlet汽油2relief valve卸壓閥3roller-cell pump液子泵4permanent magnet永久磁鐵5armature電樞6non-return valve單向閥7outlet出油8fuel inlet燃油進口9filter inlet濾清器10electrical connection電插頭11solenoid winding電磁開關(guān)線閥12return spring 回位彈簧13solenoid plunger電磁鐵芯14needle針閥7.10 Sensor 傳感器序號英 文中 文1coolant-temperature senor冷卻液溫度傳感器2terminal電接頭3hosing殼體4thermistor熱敏電阻5oxygen sensor氧傳感器6electrical connector電連接器7cover保護管8body傳感器體9shield over element保護元件八、Diesel engine-fuel system柴油機供油系8.1 Fuel system 供油泵序號英 文中 文1fuel tank柴油箱2overflow valve溢油箱3fuel filter 柴油濾清器4feed pipe 低壓油管5fuel feed pump手動輸油泵6fuel feed pump輸油泵7injection pump噴油泵8return pipe 回油管9pressure pipe 高壓油管10combustion chamber燃燒室11injector噴油器12exhaust pipe排氣管13exhaust valve排氣門14return pipe 排油管15air cleaner 空氣濾清器16intake pipe進氣管8.2 Combustion chamber 燃燒室序號英 文中 文1 type chamber型燃燒室2ball type chamber球型燃燒室3Swirl chamber渦流室燃燒室4precombustion chamber預燃室燃燒室8.3 Injection pump 噴油泵序號英 文中 文1camshaft凸輪軸2roller tappet滾輪挺柱3plunger spring柱塞彈簧4plunger柱塞5control sleeve控制套筒6control rod lack控制齒條7inlet port進油口8pump cylinder泵缸序號英 文中 文9feeding gallery進油通道10delivery valve出油閥11pressure pipe adaptor高壓油管接頭8.4 Injection 噴油器序號英 文中 文1nozzle holder噴油器體2fuel inlet passage進油通道3leak-off adaptor漏油接頭4inlet adaptor 進油接頭5leak-off passage漏油通道6adjusting shim調(diào)整墊片7nozzle valve spring 針閥彈簧8needle valve seat針閥座9needle valve 針閥10clearance filter間隙濾芯11spring adjusting screw彈簧調(diào)整螺釘8.5 Speed governor 調(diào)速器序號英 文中 文1accelerator pedal linkage加速踏板桿件2operating lever 操縱桿3control rod link 控制桿連接件4flyweight飛塊5floating lever浮動杠桿6eccentric shaft偏心軸九、Exhaust system 排氣系統(tǒng)序號英 文中 文1bracket 支架2bracket plate支板3exhaust manifold joint排氣歧管接頭4double manifold雙排歧管5double manifold collar雙排歧管凸緣6exhaust clip排氣管夾頭7pipe U-bolt排氣管U型螺栓8flexible support撓性支座序號英 文中 文9front silence前消聲器10flexible mounting plate撓性安裝板11distance sleeve間隔套管12silencer flexible mounting消聲器撓性安裝件13protecting plate防護板14rear silencer后消聲器15intermediate pipe中間排氣管16front exhaust pipe前段排氣管17copper-asbestos gasket紫銅-石棉墊網(wǎng)十、Turbo-supercharging 蝸輪增壓10.1 Turbocharging system 蝸輪增壓系統(tǒng)序號英 文中 文1inlet port進氣口2compressor壓氣機3inlet valve進氣門4exhaust valve排氣門5turbine蝸輪6exhaust port排氣口7engine發(fā)動機10.2 Turbocharger 蝸輪增壓器序號英 文中 文1air inlet port空氣進口2compressor壓氣機3oil supply 潤滑油入口4oil return潤滑油出口5exhaust gas廢氣（柴油機）6turbine蝸輪7exhaust gas廢氣（蝸輪）十一、Emission control 排污控制11.1 Emission control system 排污控制系統(tǒng)序號英 文中 文1air pump空氣泵2exhaust pipe排氣管3air passage空氣通道序號英 文中 文4NOx catalytic convertorNOx催化反應(yīng)器5HC/CO catalyticconvertorHC/CO催化反應(yīng)器6silencer消聲器7bypass valve旁通閥8engine發(fā)動機11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化轉(zhuǎn)化器序號英 文中 文1catalyst催化劑顆粒2internal pipe內(nèi)筒3housing外筒4shell殼體5heat insulating material絕熱材料6high temperature sensor高溫傳感器7silencer消聲器8exhaust pipe排氣管十二、Engine-cooling system發(fā)動機冷卻機12.1 Water cooling system 水冷系序號英 文中 文1radiator散熱器2radiator bottom tank散熱器下貯水室3radiator core散熱器芯4radiator top tank散熱器上貯水室5fan風扇6water jacket水套7overflow pipe 溢流管8drain plug放水閥9thermostat節(jié)溫器10thermostat main valve節(jié)溫器主閥11thermostat flexible bellows節(jié)溫器撓性波紋管12thermostat bypass valve節(jié)溫器旁通管12.2 Radiator 傳感器序號英 文中 文1bottom radiator pipe散熱器出水軟管序號英 文中 文2radiator cowl散熱器罩3top radiator cowl散熱器進水軟管4blind cable百頁窗拉索5radiator filter散熱器加水口6radiator shutter散熱器百頁窗7radiator filter cap散熱器加水口蓋8vacuum relief valve真空安全閥9pressure relief valve減壓閥10filter sealing plate加水口密封板11radiator roller blind散熱器滾筒式百頁簾12overflow pipe溢流管12.3 Fan,water pump 風扇，水泵序號英 文中 文1fan blade風扇葉片2fan hub風扇轂3fan belt風扇皮帶4fan pulley風扇皮帶輪5shaft bearing水泵軸承6pump body泵體7water main inlet port進水口8water bypass inlet neck旁通進水口9self-adjusting seal unit自動調(diào)節(jié)密封件10pump impeller水泵葉輪11pump cover泵蓋12cover gasket泵蓋襯墊13water outlet port出水口14fan and pump shaft風扇與水泵軸12.4 Air cooling system 風冷系序號英 文中 文1blower風扇2blower-casing 風扇外殼3reactor定子葉輪4reactor blade定子葉片5cooling air冷卻空氣6air cooled cylinder head風冷汽缸蓋序號英 文中 文7deflector導向葉片8cylinder head fin氣缸蓋肋片9cylinder block fin氣缸體肋片10heating air outlet熱空氣出口11air cooled cylinder風冷氣缸體12exhaust manifold排氣歧管13blower pulley風扇皮帶輪14blower impeller風扇葉輪15v-beltV型皮帶16impeller blade葉輪葉片十三、Engine-lubrication system 發(fā)動機潤滑系13.1 Pressure lubrication 壓力潤滑序號英 文中 文1oil passage油道2oil filter tube加油管3oil filter cap加油管蓋4bypass oil cleaner分流式機油濾清器5oil pressure sensor油壓傳感器6dipstick油標尺7oil drain hole放油孔8oil strainer機油集濾器9oil pressure relief valve機油限壓閥10oil pump outlet pipe機油泵出油管11centrifugal oil cleaner離心式機油濾清器12gear chain lubrication jet齒輪鏈條潤滑噴孔13gear chain lubrication passage齒輪鏈條潤滑油道14main pressure oil passage主油道13.2 Oil pump 機油泵序號英 文中 文1oil pressure relief valve spring限壓閥彈簧2oil pressure reliefvalve ball限壓閥鋼球序號英 文中 文3oil pump cover plate機油泵蓋板4oil pump gear機油泵齒輪5oil pump body機油泵殼體6driving shaft pilot sleeve驅(qū)動軸導套7oil pump driving shaft機油泵驅(qū)動軸8oil pump driving gear機油泵驅(qū)動齒輪9oil inlet pipe進油管10lock washer止鎖墊圈11oil suction pipe joint進油管接頭12oil strainer cover機油集濾器蓋13screen strainer濾網(wǎng)14oil strainer bottom機油集濾器底版13.3 Oil cleaner 機油濾清器序號英 文中 文1handle手柄2cap nut蓋形螺帽3fi