譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選修8學(xué)案：生詞巧解 Unit1.doc

庖丁巧解牛知識(shí)巧學(xué)生詞巧解【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:class(可表示按質(zhì)量劃分的等級(jí))+-ic(形容詞后綴)義析:writer, artist or work of art recognized as being of high quality and lasting value【典句】this is a popular classic novel written by bronte.這是由bronte寫(xiě)的一部膾炙人口的經(jīng)典小說(shuō)?！就卣埂縞lassical adj.古典的；傳統(tǒng)的classicism n. 古典主義classicist n.古典主義者；古典學(xué)者【辨析】classic和classical指“古典文學(xué)”等意思時(shí)可以通用。但“古典音樂(lè)”的英文表達(dá)是classical music,此時(shí)不能用classic?！驹~析】音析:字母i讀 i。形析:形近詞literate(有文化的，博學(xué)的)義析:of or concerned with literature【典句】 his style is a bit too literary for my taste.依我看他的文筆書(shū)卷氣重了一點(diǎn)?！就卣埂縧iteracy n. 讀寫(xiě)能力literate adj. 有文化的，博學(xué)的literati n.文人；知識(shí)界literature n. 文學(xué)；文學(xué)作品【詞析】音析:字句組合ei讀。形析:receive+-d(形容詞后綴)義析:widely accepted as correct popular【典句】he is a well-received artist.他是一個(gè)很受歡迎的藝術(shù)家?！就卣埂縯he received view普遍的看法；公認(rèn)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)the received text (version)標(biāo)性本(譯本)received standard english標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)well-received受歡迎的；被認(rèn)可的【詞析】音析:字母i讀，字母o讀。形析:詞根wise (adj. 有判斷力的，聰明的)-dom；名詞后綴“表的狀況，地位”等。義析:good judgement; advisability; common sense【典句】i questioned the wisdom of giving the child so much money.我懷疑給孩子這么多錢(qián)是否明智?！就卣埂?dom后綴常與動(dòng)詞或形容詞結(jié)合成名詞，表示“的狀況或地位，的職位，級(jí)別群體或領(lǐng)域”。如：boredom厭倦，厭煩(狀況)freedom自由(狀況)kingdom王國(guó)(領(lǐng)域)officialdom官員(總稱(chēng))(群體)【詞析】音析:tion組合讀。形析:adapt (v.)+-ation(名詞后綴)義析:thing made by adapting sth. else esp.a text for production on the stage, radio, etc.【典句】this is an adaptation for children of the play king lear by shakespeare.這是為兒童改編的莎士比亞作品李爾王的劇本?！就卣埂縜dapt oneself to sth.適應(yīng)(新環(huán)境等)【詞析】音析:字母組合ar讀。義析:damage; injury【典句】a few cafe nights never did anyone any harm.熬幾個(gè)晚上對(duì)任何人絕無(wú)害處。【拓展】do sb. harm或do harm to sb.損害某人harm set, harm get.(諺)害人反害己。come to harm受到損害more harm than good弊大于利harmful adj. 有害的；可致?lián)p傷的harmless adj. 無(wú)害的；不會(huì)引起損傷的【詞析】音析:字母組合er讀。形析:un-(否定前綴)+certain(確定的)+-ty(名詞后綴)義析:state of being uncertain【典句】the uncertainty is unbearable!事情定不下來(lái)真令人難以忍受！【拓展】uncertain adj.不確切；無(wú)把握的uncertainly adj.猶豫地；遲疑地【詞析】音析:字母組合sion讀。形析:tense adj. (緊張的；拉緊的)義析:mental, emotional or nervous strain; tenseness【典句】tension is a major cause of heart disease.精神緊張是引起心臟病的主要原因?！就卣埂縨assage helps relieve the tension in ones muscles.按摩可使僵硬的肌肉松弛。racial tensions種族間的緊張關(guān)系surface tension 表面張力vapour tension氣壓high tension wire(電)高壓線(xiàn)【詞析】音析:字母組合ou讀義析:giving or ready to give freely【典句】it is generous of you to share your food with me.你把食物與我分享，真是慷慨大方?！就卣埂縢enerosity n. 慷慨；大方；寬容be generous with ones money用錢(qián)大方be generous in giving help 樂(lè)于助人【詞析】音析:字母i讀。形析:remind(提醒)+-er(名詞后綴)義析:thing which reminds sb.of a fact or person【典句】the statue is a lasting reminder of churchills greatness.這尊塑像使人永遠(yuǎn)緬懷丘吉爾的偉大功績(jī)。【拓展】remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人干某事remind sb.of sth./sb.使某人回想或意識(shí)到某物/人this song reminds me of my hometown.這首歌使我想起了故鄉(xiāng)?！驹~析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:short(短的)+coming義析:failure to be of a required standard; fault【典句】i am a person with many shortcomings.我是一個(gè)有許多缺點(diǎn)的人?！就卣埂縮hort-lived短命的，短暫的short order(點(diǎn)叫)快餐short-sighted近視的；目光短淺的short-term短期的short wave短波be prejudiced against 對(duì)有偏見(jiàn)的【詞析】義析:dislike of sb./sth. that is not founded on experience or reason【典句】he is prejudiced against rock and roll.他對(duì)搖滾樂(lè)懷有偏見(jiàn)?！就卣埂縭acial prejudice 種族偏見(jiàn)【詞析】音析:第一個(gè)i讀。義析:polite and helpful; of relating to the citizens of a country【典句】keep a civil tongue in your head!說(shuō)話(huà)要文明有禮！【拓展】civil law民法civil liberty公民自由civil rights公民權(quán)civil war內(nèi)戰(zhàn)civilian n. 平民;百姓civilization n. 開(kāi)化;教化;文明civilized adj.有禮貌的;文雅的be bent on 一心想要;決心要【詞析】義析:be determined on; have ones mind firmly set on (doing) sth.【典句】he is bent on becoming an actor.他一心想當(dāng)演員。【拓展】follow ones bent憑愛(ài)好辦事to the top of ones bent盡情地bend (sb.) to sth.(迫使某人)屈服，服從bend ones mind to sth.專(zhuān)心于某事物bendy 彎彎曲曲的；迂回曲折的【詞析】音析:字母組合ea讀。形析:wealth(財(cái)富)health(健康)義析:possession of a large amount of money, property. etc.【典句】their wealth had not brought them happiness.他們的財(cái)富并沒(méi)給他們帶來(lái)幸福?！就卣埂縲ealthy adj.富裕的；豐富的wealthily adv.富裕地；豐富地【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:fan 迷(對(duì)的熱情崇拜者)+-cy聯(lián)想記憶法。義析:brightly coloured; made to please the eye or taste【典句】he has bought a fancy car.他買(mǎi)了一輛高檔小轎車(chē)?！就卣埂縜 fancy idea奇異的/華而不實(shí)的想法a fancy cake(大型)花式蛋糕a fancy tie精致的領(lǐng)帶to ones fancy合(某人的)心意take a fancy to愛(ài)上；愛(ài)好fancy oneself (as)自以為是；自命不凡fancy for sth.渴望；喜愛(ài)【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:詞根為educate v. 教育；訓(xùn)練義析:having been educated【典句】he was educated at a technical school in 1994.他1994年在一所技術(shù)學(xué)校接受教育?！就卣埂縠ducator n. 教育工作者education n. 教育；教育學(xué)educational adj.教育的;有教育意義的educative adj.有教育意義的；起教育作用的make the acquaintance of和相識(shí)，結(jié)識(shí)【詞析】義析:get to know sb.; meet sb. personally【典句】i made the acquaintance of him at a party.我是在一個(gè)聚會(huì)上認(rèn)識(shí)他的?！就卣埂縨ake the acquaintance of sb.也可表達(dá)為make sb.s acquaintance和某人相識(shí)，結(jié)識(shí)。have a nodding acquaintance with sb. /sth.與某人有點(diǎn)頭之交；對(duì)某事略知一二【詞析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:ab-(否定前綴)+normal(正常的)義析:different from what is normal, ordinary or expected【典句】i have been physically abnormal recently.我近期身體狀況異常?！就卣埂縜bnormality n. 反常；變態(tài)；不規(guī)則【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:可據(jù)發(fā)音記憶詞形，詞尾-er常表示“的人”。義析:man who has others working for him or under him; employer【典句】the slaves feared their master.奴隸懼怕奴隸主?！就卣埂縨aster碩士master in ones own house自己做主；自己說(shuō)了算(be)ones own master/mistress獨(dú)立自主【詞析】音析:字母u讀。形析:ab-(否定前綴)+use(使用)，“錯(cuò)誤的使用”即濫用。義析:wrong or bad use or treatment of sb. or sth.; insulting words【典句】some governors abuse their power and position.有些政府官員濫用職權(quán)。【拓展】an abuse of trust辜負(fù)別人的信任abuse ones authority濫用權(quán)力personal abuse人身攻擊abusive adj. 辱罵性的；罵人的；濫用的【詞析】音析:字母i都讀。形析:詞根crime n. 罪；罪行；犯罪活動(dòng)義析:person who commits a crime or crimes【典句】he became a criminal.他已淪為罪犯?！就卣埂縞riminal也可作形容詞，意為“犯罪的；可恥的；不道德的”。如：its criminal to waste public money.浪費(fèi)公款是可恥的行為?！驹~析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:re-(前綴表“重新”)+form(形成)，“重新形成”即“改造，改革”之意。義析:become or make better【典句】hes given up drink and is now a reformed character.他戒了酒，現(xiàn)已判若兩人。【拓展】reformer n.改革者；改進(jìn)者reformation n.改善；改良；改造reformatory n.(失足少年的)管教所；教養(yǎng)所【詞析】音析:字母e讀。形析:詞根press (v. 壓，擠，按)+ure義析:use force, influence or strong persuation to make sb. do sth.【典句】he felt that he was being pressured to resign.他感到有壓力逼他辭職?！就卣埂縫ressure用作動(dòng)詞等于pressurize;還常用作名詞表“壓力，強(qiáng)大的影響”。put pressure on sb.(to do sth.)迫使某人做某事under the pressure of在的壓力下high blood pressure高血壓work at high pressure緊張地工作bring pressure to bear on/upon對(duì)施加壓力【詞析】音析:字母e讀。形析:可根據(jù)兩個(gè)音節(jié)記憶詞形。義析:use force in order to prevent sth. happening or being successful; oppose【典句】he was charged with resisting arrest.他被控拒捕?！就卣埂縭esist damp/frost防潮;防霜凍resist temptation經(jīng)得起誘惑resist表“經(jīng)得住”時(shí)后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：jim couldnt resist others making jokes about his baldness.吉姆受不了別人拿他的禿頂開(kāi)玩笑。resister n. 抵抗者；對(duì)抗者resistance n. 抵抗；對(duì)抗；抵抗力；阻力【詞析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:mis-(否定前綴)+fortune(機(jī)會(huì);命運(yùn);巨款)義析:bad luck, accident or event【典句】they had the misfortune to be hit by a violent storm.他們不幸遇上了猛烈的風(fēng)暴?！就卣埂縨is- 前綴常與動(dòng)詞和名詞結(jié)合表“壞;錯(cuò);不;沒(méi)”。如：misfire誤發(fā);走火misread讀錯(cuò);看錯(cuò)mismatch配合不當(dāng)misplace放錯(cuò)地方mistrust不信任misunderstand誤會(huì);誤解misuse誤用;濫用mislead引錯(cuò)方向;誤導(dǎo)home-made adj. 自制的；家里做的；國(guó)產(chǎn)的【詞析】義析:made by oneself (at home or domestic)【典句】these moon-cakes are home-made.這些月餅是自制的。【拓展】形容詞/名詞+過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合形容詞ready-made現(xiàn)成的man-made人造的new-born新生的warm-hearted熱心腸的water-covered被水覆蓋的newly-built新建的【詞析】音析:字母i讀。形析:詞根swift (adj.快的，敏捷的)+-ly(副詞后綴)義析:quickly or rapidly; promptly【典句】he answered the question swiftly.他迅速回答了那個(gè)問(wèn)題?！就卣埂縮wift-flowing river湍急的河流a swift reply/reaction迅速的回答；反應(yīng)brand new嶄新的；全新的【詞析】義析:completely new【典句】i bought a brand new bike yesterday.我昨天買(mǎi)了一輛嶄新的自行車(chē)。【拓展】brand n.商標(biāo)的牌子；商標(biāo)【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:分兩個(gè)音節(jié)記憶詞形義析:special or very great ability【典句】van gogh was a painter of great talent.凡高是一位天才畫(huà)家?！就卣埂縣ave a talent for.有(方面的)天賦talented adj.有才能的；天才的talentless adj.無(wú)才能的；平庸的have a gift for有的天賦at the sight of看到；一看到【詞析】義析:as soon as sb. /sth. is seen【典句】at the sight of her mother, the baby burst into tears.一看到媽媽?zhuān)菋雰捍罂奁饋?lái)。【拓展】catch sight of看到；看見(jiàn)keep sight of sb. /sth.看住/監(jiān)視某人/某物out of sight, out of mind.(諺)眼不見(jiàn)，心不念。sightseeing n. 觀(guān)光；游覽at the thought of 一想到【詞析】音析:字母e讀。形析:詞根gent（le） （adj.）+-ly(副詞后綴)義析:in a gentle manner【典句】the beach slopes gently to the sea.沙灘緩緩伸展入海?！就卣埂縝e gentle with my best china.對(duì)我最心愛(ài)的瓷器要輕拿輕放！a gentle breeze和風(fēng)gentle rainfall細(xì)雨gentleman n. 紳士;先生【詞析】音析:字母組合ee讀。形析:詞根greed （n.貪心，貪婪）+-y形容詞后綴義析:filled with greed or desire【典句】the boy looked at the cakes with greedy eyes.那孩子眼巴巴地看著蛋糕。【拓展】greedy for power貪圖權(quán)力greedy for knowledge渴求知識(shí)be greedy to do sth.急切要做某事【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:mis-(否定前綴表“壞;錯(cuò);不;無(wú)”)義析:wrong in opinion or wrongly judged【典句】you are mistaken about him. he is not lying.你誤會(huì)他了，他沒(méi)有撒謊?！就卣埂縜 mistaken idea錯(cuò)誤的想法mistake a for b把a(bǔ)誤為b如：mistake sympathy for love誤將同情當(dāng)愛(ài)情【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:根據(jù)開(kāi)音節(jié)發(fā)音規(guī)律記憶詞形義析:comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth. blocking direct light or heat【典句】the trees give some welcome shade from the sun.這些樹(shù)遮住了陽(yáng)光，很舒適涼快。【拓展】trees shade the streets.街道旁綠樹(shù)成蔭。in the shade 1)在蔭涼處2)遜色；默默無(wú)聞【辨析】shade和shadow兩者均指“影”，shadow指擋住光線(xiàn)所造成的有輪廓的影子，shade指沒(méi)照到陽(yáng)光等的陰暗處，即“蔭”?！驹~析】音析:字母組合er讀。形析:詞根entertain v.款待；使快樂(lè)。-ing為形容詞后綴。義析:amusing and pleasing【典句】“a christmas carol” is a very entertaining film.圣誕頌歌是一部很有趣的電影?！就卣埂縜 most entertaining guest很風(fēng)趣的客人place of entertainment娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所the entertainment of foreign visitors 宴請(qǐng)外賓【詞析】音析:字母u讀。形析:supra- 前綴表“在之上;超”。義析:highest in authority, rank or degree; most important【典句】winning an olympic gold medal was, i suppose, the supreme moment of my life.我認(rèn)為榮獲奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌時(shí)是我一生中最重要的時(shí)刻?！就卣埂扛腻e(cuò)：he is the most supreme ruler of the country.()把most去掉，supreme表最高的;至高無(wú)上的，不能和most等最高級(jí)形式連用?！驹~析】音析:字母y讀。形析:根詞type (n. 類(lèi)型，種類(lèi))+-cal(形容詞后綴)義析:having the distinctive qualities of a particular type of person or thing【典句】its typical of him to take hard jobs.搶挑重?fù)?dān)是他的特點(diǎn)。【拓展】typical=typictypicality n. 典型性；特征typify vt.作為的典型，代表typically adv. 典型地，有代表性地【詞析】音析:字母u讀。形析:詞根repute （n.名氣，名聲）+-ation構(gòu)詞后綴義析:what is generally said or believed about the abilities, qualities, etc. of sb. /sth.【典句】he has a reputation for laziness.他以懶惰出名?！就卣埂縝uild up/make a reputation (for oneself)樹(shù)立聲譽(yù)；博得名聲live up to ones reputation不負(fù)盛名【詞析】音析:字母a讀。形析:trans-(前綴表“橫穿；通過(guò)；超越”)+form(形狀；外形；外貌)義析:completely change the appearance or character of sth. /sb.【典句】a fresh coat of paint can transform a room.房間重新粉刷一遍可大為改觀(guān)?！就卣埂縯ransformation n.改變；改觀(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)變transformer n.變壓器transfusion n.輸血translation n.翻譯；認(rèn)為；解釋【詞析】音析:字母組合or讀。形析:short(短的)+-en(動(dòng)詞后綴)義析:cause sth. to be come short【典句】the days are beginning to shorten in autumn.秋季白天開(kāi)始變短?！就卣埂?)be/go