名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則及習(xí)題.doc

名詞變復(fù)數(shù)一名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化及發(fā)音：1、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞在詞尾加上s ； eg：bookbooks；deskdesks；penpens；carcars s遇t讀濁輔音ts，遇d讀清輔音dz eg：friendfriends; catcats; 2.、以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的單詞，在該詞末尾加上-es；讀音規(guī)則：讀iz；eg：busbuses; boxboxes; watchwatchches; dishdishes 3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞，要把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es；讀音規(guī)則：讀z。 eg：flyflies; babybabies; 元音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞直接加s；eg：toytoys；boyboys；4、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞，要將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v，再加es；讀音規(guī)則：讀vz； eg：knifeknives；leafleaves；5、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，初級(jí)階段只有三個(gè)單詞要加-es，其余都加-s；讀音規(guī)則：讀z。 eg：tomatotomatoes西紅柿; potatopotatoes土豆; heroheroes英雄; NegroNegroes 口訣：“黑人英雄喜歡吃土豆和西紅柿” 其余eg：zoozoos; hippohippos；二名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化：1.單詞內(nèi)部發(fā)生變化：口訣“oo常常變ee，男人女人a變e”eg：footfeet腳；toothteeth牙齒；manmen男人；womanwomen女人；2.單復(fù)數(shù)相同：“羊魚小鹿無變化，單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)是一家”eg：sheepsheep綿羊；fishfish魚；deerdeer鹿；3.不規(guī)則變化：childchildren孩子；mousemice老鼠；GermanGermans德國人；4“某國人”的復(fù)數(shù)有三種類型： 口訣“中日不變，英法變，其它S加后邊”（1）Chinese, Japanese單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)同形，不需加s； （2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman（荷蘭人）復(fù)數(shù)要把 man 變?yōu)閙en； （3）其他各國人以an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans, Australians, 三.不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞概念：不可以數(shù)的名詞叫做不可數(shù)名詞。包括物質(zhì)名詞（表示無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)）和抽象名詞（表示抽象概念的詞）。不可數(shù)名詞特點(diǎn)：不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，也不能與a, an及數(shù)詞連用，常作單數(shù)看待。例： water Theres some water in the bottle. food My favorite food is noodles.不可數(shù)名詞如表數(shù)量，常和a bottle of, a glass of等名詞詞組連用。如表示復(fù)數(shù)，只把量詞改為復(fù)數(shù)。例：a bottle of pop一瓶汽水 , two glasses of orange juice 兩杯桔子汁，three cups of tea 三杯茶 ，a piece of paper一張紙有些物質(zhì)名詞有時(shí)可數(shù)，有時(shí)不可數(shù)，要根據(jù)上下文決定，其意義也有所不同。A glass is made of glass.玻璃杯是玻璃制成的。（玻璃杯可數(shù)，玻璃不可數(shù)。）I bought a melon yesterday. I want to eat some melon.四特殊名詞的講解：people 作“人們，人民”解時(shí)，只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)。作“民族”解時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)不同，復(fù)數(shù)要在詞尾加s。There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我們國家有56個(gè)民族。clothes，pyjamas（睡衣；寬長褲）等屬于無單數(shù)形式的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語作復(fù)數(shù)。例：My favorite clothes are pants. These pyjamas are too small. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名詞，由兩部分構(gòu)成，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。要表示單數(shù)常用a pair of表示，此時(shí)如作主語，謂語要作單數(shù)看待。例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. 集體名詞看作整體時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù); 指成員時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。 His family is a large family. His family like animals.指整體 指成員有的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同：例：hair 和fruit 通常作單數(shù)，表示總體。My hair is black. 我的頭發(fā)是黑色的。I like fruit .Its good for you.我喜歡水果,水果對(duì)你的身體有好處。但如果表示若干根頭發(fā)或各種水果，則需用復(fù)數(shù)形式. Danny has three hairs.丹尼有三根頭發(fā)。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜歡梨，桃和其它水果。練 習(xí)：. 寫出下列單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：fish- boy- watch- knife- leaf- wife- baby- family- man- woman- child- tooth- goose- mouse- sheep- peach- picture- Chinese- he- his- I- this- is- it- that-she- you- me- him- her- my- mine-am- tomato- potato- zoo- foot- toy-. 將下列句子改為復(fù)數(shù)句子:1. He is a student . _2. Its a box. _3. This picture is nice. _ 4. She is a teacher. _5. Im a good child. _6. Thats a delicious meal. _7.Thisismyfriend._8.Thisisabike._9.Thatisherbrother._10.Thisisabook._11.Thatisaneraser._12.Itisaredorange._13.Heisadoctor._14.Whatsthis?_15.Thisismymother._16.HeisaChineseboy. _17.Who is she ? _18.Is this a pen ? _19.Are those your sisters ? _20.Is that your friend ? _. 將下列句子改為單數(shù)句子：1. These are their grandparents. _2. Whor