沖壓模具畢業(yè)設(shè)計英文原文和漢語翻譯(完整版)1.doc

Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design LI Xiong ZHANG Hong bing RUAN Xue yu LUO Zhong hua ZHANG Yan Abstract Many disadvantages exist in the traditional die design method which belongs to serial pattern It is well known that heat treatment is highly important to the dies A new idea of concurrent design for heat treatment process of die and mould was developed in order to overcome the existent shortcomings of heat treatment process Heat treatment CAD CAE was integrated with concurrent circumstance and the relevant model was built These investigations can remarkably improve efficiency reduce cost and ensure quality of R and D for products Key words die design heat treatment mould Traditional die and mould design mainly by experience or semi experience is isolated from manufacturing process Before the design is finalized the scheme of die and mould is usually modified time and again thus some disadvantages come into being such as long development period high cost and uncertain practical effect Due to strong desires for precision service life development period and cost modern die and mould should be designed and manufactured perfectly Therefore more and more advanced technologies and innovations have been applied for example concurrent engineering agile manufacturing virtual manufacturing collaborative design etc Heat treatment of die and mould is as important as design manufacture and assembly because it has a vital effect on manufacture assembly and service life Design and manufacture of die and mould have progressed rapidly but heat treatment lagged seriously behind them As die and mould industry develops heat treatment must ensure die and mould there are good state of manufacture assembly and wear resistant properties by request Impertinent heat treatment can influence die and mould manufacturing such as over hard and soft and assembly Traditionally the heat treatment process was made out according to the methods and properties brought forward 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 1 by designer This could make the designers of die and mould and heat treatment diverge from each other for the designers of die and mould could not fully realize heat treatment process and materials properties and contrarily the designers rarely understood the service environment and designing thought These divergences will impact the progress of die and mould to a great extent Accordingly if the process design of heat treatment is considered in the early designing stage the aims of shortening development period reducing cost and stabilizing quality will be achieved and the sublimation of development pattern from serial to concurrent will be realized Concurrent engineering takes computer integration system as a carrier at the very start subsequent each stage and factors have been considered such as manufacturing heat treating properties and so forth in order to avoid the error The concurrent pattern has dismissed the defect of serial pattern which bring about a revolution against serial pattern In the present work the heat treatment was integrated into the concurrent circumstance of the die and mould development and the systemic and profound research was performed 1 Heat Treatment Under Concurrent Circumstance The concurrent pattern differs ultimately from the serial pattern see Fig 1 With regard to serial pattern the designers mostly consider the structure and function of die and mould yet hardly consider the consequent process so that the former mistakes are easily spread backwards Meanwhile the design department rarely communicates with the assembling cost accounting and sales departments These problems certainly will influence the development progress of die and mould and the market foreground Whereas in the concurrent pattern the relations among departments are close the related departments all take part in the development progress of die and mould and have close intercommunion with purchasers This is propitious to elimination of the conflicts between departments increase the efficiency and reduce the cost 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 2 Heat treatment process in the concurrent circumstance is made out not after blueprint and workpiece taken but during die and mould designing In this way it is favorable to optimizing the heat treatment process and making full use of the potential of the materials 2 Integration of Heat Treatment CAD CAE for Die and Mould It can be seen from Fig 2 that the process design and simulation of heat treatment are the core of integration frame After information input via product design module and heat treatment process generated via heat treatment CAD and heat treatment CAE module will automatically divide the mesh for parts drawing simulation temperature field microstructure analysis after heat treatment and the defect of possible emerging such as overheat over burning and then the heat treatment process is judged if the optimization is made according to the result reappeared by stereoscopic vision technology Moreover tool and clamping apparatus CAD and CAM are integrated into this system 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 3 The concurrent engineering based integration frame can share information with other branch That makes for optimizing the heat treatment process and ensuring the process sound 2 1 3 D model and stereoscopic vision technology for heat treatment The problems about materials structure and size for die and mould can be discovered as soon as possible by 3 D model for heat treatment based on the shape of die and mould Modeling heating condition and phase transformation condition for die and mould during heat treatment are workable because it has been broken through for the calculation of phase transformation thermodynamics phase transformation kinetics phase stress thermal stress heat transfer hydrokinetics etc For example 3 D heat conducting algorithm models for local heating complicated impression and asymmetric die and mould and M ARC software models for microstructure transformation was used Computer can present the informations of temperature microstructure and stress at arbitrary time and display the entire transformation procedure in the form of 3 D by coupling temperature field microstructure field and stress field If the property can be coupled various partial properties can be predicted by computer 2 2 Heat treatment process design Due to the special requests for strength hardness surface roughness and distortion during heat treatment for die and mould the parameters including quenching medium type quenching temperature and tempering temperature and time must be properly 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 4 selected and whether using surface quenching or chemical heat treatment the parameters must be rightly determined It is difficult to determine the parameters by computer fully Since computer technology develops quickly in recent decades the difficulty with large scale calculation has been overcome By simulating and weighing the property the cost and the required period after heat treatment it is not difficult to optimize the heat treatment process 2 3 Data base for heat treatment A heat treatment database is described in Fig 3 The database is the foundation of making out heat treatment process Generally heat treatment database is divided into materials database and process database It is an inexorable trend to predict the property by materials and process Although it is difficult to establish a property database it is necessary to establish the database by a series of tests The materials database includes steel grades chemical compositions properties and home and abroad grades parallel tables The process database includes heat treatment criterions classes heat preservation time and cooling velocity Based on the database heat treatment process can be created by inferring from rules 2 4 Tool and equipment for heat treatment After heat treatment process is determined tool and equipment CAD CAE system 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 5 transfers the information about design and manufacture to the numerical control device Through rapid tooling prototype the reliability of tool and the clamping apparatus can be judged The whole procedure is transferred by network in which there is no man made interference 3 Key Technique 3 1 Coupling of temperature microstructure stress and property Heat treatment procedure is a procedure of temperature microstructure stress interaction The three factors can all influence the property see Fig 4 During heating and cooling hot stress and transformation will come into being when microstructure changes Transformation temperature microstructure and temperature microstructure and stress property interact on each other Research on the interaction of the four factors has been greatly developed but the universal mathematic model has not been built Many models fit the test nicely but they cannot be put into practice Difficulties with most of models are solved in analytic solution and numerical method is employed so that the inaccuracy of calculation exists Even so comparing experience method with qualitative analysis heat treatment simulation by computer makes great progress 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 6 3 2 Establishment and integration of models The development procedure for die and mould involves design manufacture heat treatment assembly maintenance and so on They should have own database and mode1 They are in series with each other by the entity relation model Through establishing and employing dynamic inference mechanism the aim of optimizing design can be achieved The relation between product model and other models was built The product model will change in case the cell model changes In fact it belongs to the relation of data with die and mould After heat treatment model is integrated into the system it is no more an isolated unit but a member which is close to other models in the system After searching calculating and reasoning from the heat treatment database procedure for heat treatment which is restricted by geometric model manufacture model for die and mould and by cost and property is obtained If the restriction is disobeyed the system will send out the interpretative warning All design cells are connected by communication network 3 3 Management and harmony among members The complexity of die and mould requires closely cooperating among item groups Because each member is short of global consideration for die and mould development they need to be managed and harmonized Firstly each item group should define its own control condition and resource requested and learn of the request of up and down working procedure in order to avoid conflict Secondly development plan should be made out and monitor mechanism should be established The obstruction can be duly excluded in case the development is hindered Agile management and harmony redound to communicating information increasing efficiency and reducing redundancy Meanwhile it is beneficial for exciting creativity clearing conflict and making the best of resource 4 Conclusions 1 Heat treatment CAD CAE has been integrated into concurrent design for die and mould and heat treatment is graphed which can increase efficiency easily discover problems and clear conflicts 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 7 2 Die and mould development is performed on the same platform When the heat treatment process is made out designers can obtain correlative information and transfer self information to other design departments on the platform 3 Making out correct development schedule and adjusting it in time can enormously shorten the development period and reduce cost References 1 ZHOU Xiong hui PENG Ying hong The Theory and Technique of Modern Die and Mould Design and Manufacture M Shanghai Shanghai Jiaotong University Press 2000 in Chinese 2 Kang M Park Computer Integrated Mold Manufacturing J Int J Computer Integrated Manufacturing 1995 5 229 239 3 Yau H T Meno C H Concurrent Process Planning for Finishing Milling and Dimensional Inspection of Sculptured Surface in Die and Mould Manufacturing J Int J Product Research 1993 31 11 2709 2725 4 LI Xiang ZHOU Xiong hui RUAN Xue yu Application of Injection Mold Collaborative Manufacturing System J JournaI of Shanghai Jiaotong University 2000 35 4 1391 1394 5 Kuzman K Nardin B Kovae M et a1 The Integration of Rapid Prototyping and CAE in Mould Manufacturing J J Materials Processing Technology 2001 111 279 285 6 LI Xiong ZHANG Hong bing RUAN Xue yu et a1 Heat Treatment Process Design Oriented Based on Concurrent Engineering J Journal of Iron and Steel Research 2002 14 4 26 29 文獻出處 LI Xiong ZHANG Hong bing RUAN Xue yu LUO Zhong hua ZHANG Yan Heat Treatment of Die and Mould Oriented Concurrent Design J Journal of Iron and Steel Research 2006 13 1 40 43 74 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 8 模具熱處理及其導(dǎo)向平行設(shè)計 李雄 張鴻冰 阮雪榆 羅中華 張艷 摘要摘要 在一系列方式中 傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計方法存在許多缺點 眾所周知 熱處理對 模具起著非常重要的作用 為了克服模具熱處理工藝存在的缺點 一種新的 模具熱處理工藝并行設(shè)計方法已經(jīng)被開發(fā)出來了 熱處理 CAD CAE 技術(shù)是 集成了并行環(huán)境和有關(guān)模型而建立的 這些調(diào)查研究可以顯著提高效率 降 低成本 并保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量達到 R 和 D 級 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞 模具設(shè)計 熱處理 模具 傳統(tǒng)模具設(shè)計主要是依照自身實踐經(jīng)驗或依照部分實踐經(jīng)驗 而不是制造工 藝 在設(shè)計完成之前 模具方案通常要被一次又一次的改進 于是有些缺點便出現(xiàn) 例如開發(fā)時期長 成本高和實際效果不明顯 由于對精確性 使用壽命 開發(fā)期和 費用的嚴(yán)格要求 先進的模具要求設(shè)計和制造得十分完善 因此越來越先進的技術(shù) 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 9 和創(chuàng)新方法被應(yīng)用其中 例如并行工程 敏捷制造業(yè) 虛擬制造業(yè) 協(xié)同合作設(shè)計 等 模具的熱處理與模具設(shè)計 制造和裝配同樣重要 因為它對模具的制造裝配 和使用壽命又及其重要的影響 模具設(shè)計與制造發(fā)展十分迅速 但是熱處理發(fā)展卻 嚴(yán)重滯后它們 隨著模具工業(yè)的發(fā)展 熱處理必須保證模具有良好的制造裝配和磨 損耐熱性能 不切實際的熱處理將導(dǎo)致模具材料過硬或過軟 同時影響模具裝配性 能 傳統(tǒng)的熱處理工藝是按照設(shè)計師提出的方法和特性制作出來的 這樣會使模具 設(shè)計師和熱處理工藝師意見產(chǎn)生分歧 而模具設(shè)計師卻不能充分地了解熱處理工藝 和材料的性能 相反熱處理工藝師卻很少了解模具的使用環(huán)境和設(shè)計思路 這些分 歧將在很大程度上影響模具的發(fā)展 因此 如果把熱處理工藝設(shè)計放在設(shè)計階段之 前 則縮短開發(fā)周期 減少花費和保證質(zhì)量等目標(biāo)將會被考慮 而且從串行到并行 的發(fā)展模式也將會實現(xiàn) 并行工程是以計算機集成系統(tǒng)作為載體 在開始以后 每個階段和因素都被 看作如制造 熱處理 性能等等 以避免出現(xiàn)錯誤 并行模式已經(jīng)摒除了串行模式 的缺陷 由此帶來了一場對串行模式的革命 在當(dāng)前的工作中 熱處理被集成到了模具開發(fā)的并行環(huán)境中 同時也正在進 行這種系統(tǒng)性和深入性的研究 1 1 熱處理下的并行環(huán)境熱處理下的并行環(huán)境 并行模式與串行模式存在根本的不同 見圖 1 對于串行模式 設(shè)計者大多 考慮的是模具的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能 但很難考慮相關(guān)的工藝 以致前者的錯誤很容易蔓延 到后面 與此同時 設(shè)計本門很少與裝配 預(yù)算會計和銷售部門溝通 這些問題當(dāng) 然會影響模具的開發(fā)進度和市場前景 然而在并行模式中 不但以上部門關(guān)系聯(lián)系 密切 所有參加模具開發(fā)的部門都與買家有密切的交流 這有助于協(xié)調(diào)各部門消除 矛盾 提高工作效率 同時降低成本 a 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 10 b a 串行模式 b 并行模式 圖 1 基于摸具開發(fā)的串行工程與并行工程系統(tǒng)框架示意圖 并行環(huán)境下的熱處理工藝不是在方案和工件確定以后 而是在模具設(shè)計的時 候制定出來的 這樣的話 將有利于優(yōu)化熱處理工藝 充分利用材料 2 2 模具熱處理模具熱處理 CAD CAECAD CAE 一體化一體化 從圖 2 中可以看出 熱處理工藝的設(shè)計與模擬是一體化模式的核心 在信息 輸入產(chǎn)品模塊中后 經(jīng)熱處理工藝過程產(chǎn)生的熱處理 CAD 和熱處理 CAE 模塊將對 于零件圖 熱處理以后模擬溫度場的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)分析和可能出現(xiàn)的缺陷 例如過熱 燒傷 自動劃分網(wǎng)絡(luò) 如果優(yōu)化是根據(jù)立體視覺技術(shù)的結(jié)果重新出現(xiàn) 則這項熱處 理工藝已經(jīng)被審核 而且工具與夾具的 CAD 和 CAE 也集成于這種系統(tǒng)中 中原工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計論文 外語翻譯 11 圖 2 并行工程熱處理 CAD CAE 一體化系統(tǒng)框架示意圖 以并行工程為基礎(chǔ)的集成模式可以與其它類似模式共享信息 這樣使熱處理 工藝得到優(yōu)化 并確保改工藝準(zhǔn)確 2 12 1 采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理采用三維模型和立體視覺技術(shù)的熱處理 在形成模具的基礎(chǔ)上 材料 結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸的問題能通過熱處理三維模型盡快 發(fā)現(xiàn)出來 在熱處理過程中 模具加熱條件和相變條件是切合實際的 因為通過計 算相變熱力 相變動力 相應(yīng)力 熱應(yīng)力 傳熱速度 流體動力等已經(jīng)取得重要突 破 例如 能進行局部復(fù)雜表面和不對稱模具的三維熱傳導(dǎo)模型計算 和能進行微 觀結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)變的 MARC 軟件模型 計算機能夠在任何時間提交溫度 微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和應(yīng) 力的信息 并通過連接溫度場微觀結(jié)構(gòu)領(lǐng)域和力場來顯示三維形式的全部改變過程 如果再加上這種特性 則各部分性能都能通過計算機預(yù)見 2 22 2 熱處理工藝設(shè)計熱處理工藝設(shè)計 由于對強度和硬度 表面粗糙度和模具熱處理變形的特殊要求 淬火介質(zhì)的 種