【同課異構(gòu)】牛津版高中英語必修3課件（江蘇專用）： Unit 1《Section Four Grammar and usage》1.ppt

unit1theworldofoursenses 名詞性從句 grammarandusage nounclause justhaveago canyouchoosethebestanswertoeachsentence 1 withhisworkcompleted thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat feelingpleased hewasamanofaction a whichb thatc whatd whether2 wehaven tsettledthequestionof itisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad a ifb wherec whetherd that3 makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices a whatb whoc whateverd whoever b c a canyoudistinguishthat clauseinthetwosentences 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain 在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞從句 nounclauses 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語 賓語 表語 同位語 介詞賓語等 因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能 名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句和同位語從句 名詞從句 hisjobisimportant whathedoesisimportant thisishisjob thisiswhathedoeseveryday 名詞性從句在功能上相當于名詞 主語 表語 idon tlikehisjob idon tlikewhathedoeseveryday idon tknowabouttheman mr white idon tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher 同位語 賓語 1 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy a thatb whatc whyd if2 iwonder youwillgoshoppingorstayathome a thatb ifc whetherd what3 thisis hewasoftenlateforschool a whatb thatc whyd whether4 weallknowthetruth theearth aroundthesun if movedb that movesc why moved whether move 主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句 practice atlunchtime theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn tseeanything thefactthatpollydidn taskfortheman snameisapity predictiveclause 表語從句 objectclause 賓語從句 subjectclause 主語從句 appositiveclause同位語從句 findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem 1thathewillsucceediscertain 2whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3whathesaidisnottrue 4wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5whoevercomesiswelcome 6howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 7whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet subjectclause 主語從句 it isusedasemptysubject 形式主語 為避免主語冗長 句子頭重腳輕 經(jīng)常用it作形式主語 主語從句放在后面作真正的主語 1 itiscertainthathewillsucceed 2 itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere 3 ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey llstarttheproject it slikely possible important necessary clearthat 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 it ssaid reportedthat 據(jù)說 據(jù)報道 itseems appears happensthat 顯然 明顯 碰巧 it sbeenannounced declaredthat 已經(jīng)通知 宣布 it snowonderthat 并不奇怪 無疑 it sapity afact acommonknowledge 眾所周知 acommonsaying 俗話說 that 在下列句型中常使用that引導(dǎo)主語從句 賓語從句在句中充當賓語成分 可以作謂語動詞 介詞 不定式等非謂語動詞的賓語 theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus heaskedhowmuchipaidfortheviolin hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses 2 賓語從句 that whether if that?？墒÷?who what which whoever whatever whenwherewhyhow 連詞 當whether后緊跟or ornot時 不用if idon tknowwhetherornotiwillstay介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling 注意 1 whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句 在主 謂 it 形式賓語 賓補 that從句 真正賓語 的句型中不省略wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay 由連詞and連接的兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中 第二個that不省略 hetoldme that hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 2 that在賓語從句中的省略與保留 thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim that sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime helookedasifhewasgoingtocry that swhyiwaslate 表語從句 在句中充當表語成分 一般放在連系動詞之后 作用 對主語進行解釋說明 表語從句 連接詞 when where why how because that whether asif asthough if不引導(dǎo)表語從句 連接代詞 who whom whose which what 連接副詞 同位語從句在句中充當同位語成分 其一般跟在一些抽象名詞 idea belief fact truth problem news等 后面 對名詞作進一步解釋說明 同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)或用連接副詞when where why how whether 1 theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople 2 wordcamethatnapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect 視察 them 3 sydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforlucietomakesureofherhappiness 同位語從句 1 twothirdsofallgirlsinbritainareonadiet thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 thequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina weheardthenewslastnight thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot weheardthenewslastnightthatthequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina 4 timetravelispossible thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline manybritishparentsholdtheview manybritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible thesuggestionthatchinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool usefulphrases reducepainascientificstudybreatheinsniffpleasantsmelltakethepainberelatedtobelinkedto 減少疼痛一次科學(xué)研究吸進聞香味忍受疼痛與 相關(guān)與 相聯(lián)系 分析下列賓語從句中的連詞 idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3個句子中的連詞that whether if 是否 在名詞性從句中只起連接作用 在句中不擔(dān)任成分 被稱為連接詞注意 a that本身無意義 在賓語從句中可以省略 但在別的三種名詞性從句中不可以省略 b whether和if有是否的意義 在賓語從句中二者通常可以互換 但whether可以用于所有的四種名詞性從句 而if僅可以用于賓語從句 引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞 連接詞 一 名詞性從句的語序 1 名詞性從句構(gòu)成有兩種 a that 陳述句 thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall thisiswhatwearelookingfor 名詞性從句考點歸納 b 疑問詞 句子的剩余成分 2 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述句語序 不能用一般疑問句語序 howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle 你能告訴我他住在什么地方嗎 f t t f 他是怎么成功的仍然是個謎 couldyoutellmewherehelives couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive 二 名詞性從句連接詞的選用 1 that和what的選用 that和what都可引導(dǎo)所有的名詞從句 但是 what除起連接作用外 還在名詞性從句中充當成分 可做從句的主語 賓語 或表語 而that在名詞性從句中不充當任何成分 只起連接作用 that what 1 hewantsisabook 2 hewantstogothereisobvious 3 theresultis wewonthegame 4 thisis wewanttoknow 5 is hetoldustrue 6 weshouldpayattentionto theteacherissaying 7 ihavenodoubt hewillcome 8 ihavenoidea hedidthatafternoon what that that what what what that what a 主語從句b 表語從句c 同位語從句e 介詞后的賓語從句f whethertodo做動詞賓語不能用iftodo gwhetherornot連在一起引導(dǎo)賓語從句時不用if if和whether的選用 不能使用if的情況 1 iaskedher shehadabike 2 wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather 3 we reworriedabout heissafe 4 idon tknow heiswellornot 5 idon tknow ornotheiswell 6 thequestionis heshoulddoit 7 thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion theoldmanwillrecoversoon 8 idon tknow togo if whether whether whether whether if whether whether whether whether if whether 其它連接代詞和副詞的連用 主要根據(jù)名詞性從句中的具體意義 正確的選擇who which when where why how等連接詞 這些連接詞既具有疑問含義 又起連接作用 同時在從句中充當各種成分 我們何時舉行運動會還沒有決定 weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided 我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃 idon tknow broketheglassyesterday 我不知道他長的什么樣子 ihavenoidea helookslike 這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方 thisis ileftmyglasses when who what where that可省略的情況 that不可省略的情況 主語從句表語從句同位語從句用it做形式賓語的賓語從句并列的賓語從句中的后幾個從句的引導(dǎo)詞that不能省略 引導(dǎo)詞that的省略 單個賓語從句中的that可省略 1 idon tthink sheiscoming 2 itisapity hehasmadesuchamistake 3 thereasonis heiscareless 4 thenews ourteamwonthematchinspiredus 5 idon tthinkitnecessary youshouldreadenglishaloud 6 hetoldme hisfatherhaddiedand hehadtomakealivingalone that that that that that that that that that 1 同位語從句的格式 2 能接同位語從句的名詞有 3 連接詞通常是that 也可根據(jù)含義選用 三 同位語從句的引導(dǎo)和辨別 n 連接詞 從句 order belief suggestion advice information等 whether what when where等來引導(dǎo)同位語從句 fact idea news 1 ihavenoidea hecomesfrom 2 hecan tanswerthequestion hegotthemoney 3 hegaveusmanysuggestions weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise 4 ihavenodoubt hewillwin 5 ihavesomedoubt hewillwin where how that that whether that whether where how 1 定語從句是先行詞的修飾語 它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容 定語從句中that不但起連接作用 而且在定語從句中充當一個句子成分 充當從句的賓語成分時可省略 2 同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進一步的解釋和說明 表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that在同位語從句中不做任何成分 只起連接作用 無具體含義 且不可省略 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別 1 weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed 2 weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain 1 theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity 2 theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue at ap ap at attributiveorappositive hegavemeasuggestionthati should becalmnow 名詞demand suggestion proposal advice等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣 結(jié)構(gòu)為should do should可省略 a 他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的 hebelieves b 請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么 pleasetellme hisdreamwillcometruesomeday whatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday 賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng) 1 如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r 從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài) 他告訴我他正在為考試做準備 hetoldme 他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了 hetoldme 老師告訴我們光是沿直線運行的 theteachertoldus hewaspreparingfortheexamination hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyears lighttravelsinastraightline 2 如果主句謂語是過去時 從句謂語動詞一般用過去的某種時態(tài) 但從句表達的是客觀事實 真理 自然規(guī)律等時 從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時 1 thereason wedidn ttrusthimwas heoftenlied 2 thereason hegaveforhisabsentwas hewasill reason后面的表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo) 不能用why引導(dǎo) 但reason后面的定語從句可以用why或者that引導(dǎo) 在名詞性從句中 我們還須特別注意以下問題 why that that that partaandpartbatpage11 practicetime haveanythingtodowithoverallhealthmakethemostofmisuseoursensesignoreoursenseoftouchratherthanwearanightshirtbepleasanttotouchsleepdeeplygivesb chancetodosth 與 有任何關(guān)系全身健康充分利用誤用我們的器官忽視我們的觸覺而不是 勝過穿著睡衣手感好睡得深給某人機會做某事 languagepoints atthenorthpolemakeone swaytogettomydestinationwalkthroughthethicksnowbecomeworseitis becomesimpossibletodosth losesightofcontinuewalkingsweatwithfear 在北極朝某地走去到達我的目的地走過厚厚的積雪變得更糟做某事不可能看不見繼續(xù)跑害怕得出汗 1 theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertochina a whichb thatc whomd when2 thefact hedidn tseetomyesterdayistrue a thatb whichc whend what3 ihavenoidea hewillcomeback a whereb whenc whatd that choosethebestanswer 4 thenews surprisedeverybodyyes