中國(guó)文化教程Unit21.ppt

Unit21CustomsandcharmsofOldBeijing Lead in Textstudy Exercises Content Lead in Lead in AdditionalInfo ThecityofBeijingissituatedatthenorthernapexoftheroughlytriangularNorthChinaPlain ThelargermunicipalityisalmostcompletelysurroundedbyHebeiprovince exceptfortwoshortstretchesborderingTianjinmunicipalitytothesoutheast TheYanMountainsliealongthemunicipality snortheasternside andtheJunduMountainsoccupyitsentirewesternregion togethertheseformaconcavearcthatcirclestheBeijinglowlandfromthenortheasttothesouthwesttoformwhatisknowntogeologistsasthe BayofBeijing Lead in AdditionalInfo 北京位于華北平原西北邊緣 毗鄰渤海灣 上靠遼東半島 下臨山東半島 北京與天津相鄰 并與天津一起被河北省環(huán)繞 西部是太行山山脈余脈的西山 北部是燕山山脈的軍都山 兩山在南口關(guān)溝相交 形成一個(gè)向東南展開的半圓形大山彎 人們稱之為 北京彎 它所圍繞的小平原即為北京小平原 Lead in AdditionalInfo 北京是中國(guó) 四大古都 之一 擁有6項(xiàng)世界遺產(chǎn) 是世界上擁有文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目數(shù)最多的城市 是一座有三千余年建城歷史 八百六十余年建都史的歷史文化名城 擁有眾多歷史名勝古跡和人文景觀 注 四大古都 即西安 南京 北京 洛陽(yáng) 北京六項(xiàng)世界文化遺產(chǎn)包括長(zhǎng)城 故宮 天壇 頤和園 明十三陵 周口店北京猿人遺址 Introduction FoodinOldBeijing AlleyandHawker sCrise BustlingTianqiao Textstudy TempleFairsinOldBeijng LeisureLifeinOldBeijing Introduction MentionOldBeijingandpeoplemayinstantlyenvisioncaravansofcamelsatthefootoftheFrontGate thecrowdedandnoisyTianqiaoarea alleysfilledwithhawkers 沿街叫賣的小販 cries lifeinthecourtyards anassortment 各種各樣 ofsnackssuchasjelliedtofuandfermentedsoybeanmilk 豆汁兒 crosstalkcomedians Beijingmusicalstorytellingaccompaniedbyasmalldrumorasingle stringedinstrument allimagespiecingtogetheranancientsongechoingfarintothemistsoftime FoodinOldBeijing QuanjudeRoastDuckRestaurant themostfamousrestaurantinBeijingandfundedbyYangQuanren 楊全仁 in1866 Afull duckbanquetconsistsofcoldandhotdishes allpreparedwithduck FoodinOldBeijing Donglaishun Amuslinrestaurantrenownedforitshotpotmutton ItsfunderisDingDeshan 丁德山 Besideshotpotmutton therestaurantalsoservespieswithminced 切碎的 mutton riceporridgeanddumplings allpopularwithcustomersfromallwalksoflife FoodinOldBeijing Shaguoju Setupin1741 Threespecialities deep drieddishesofpigliverordeertail stewedpig shead andslicesofmeatpreparedsimplywithwater 砂鍋三白Three whitehotpot FoodinOldBeijing 砂鍋居 砂鍋居開業(yè)于清乾隆六年 砂鍋居的 燒 燎 白煮肉 最有名 燒 是指各種油炸的小碟 如炸肥腸 炸卷肝 炸鹿尾 燎 是用木炭燒豬頭 肘子外皮 燎成金黃色 然后再煮 白煮肉 即白肉片 可以加醬油 麻油 蒜泥 辣椒油蘸著吃 也可以做成砂鍋白肉 水晶肘子braisedporkknuckleshapedascrystal 九轉(zhuǎn)肥腸deep firedpig slargeintestines AdditionalInfo FoodinOldBeijing Barbecueji 烤肉季 ItwasfoundedbyJiDecai 季德彩 in1848 severingbarbecuemutton usingdate 海棗樹 pineandcypress 柏樹 woodasfuel 烤羊肉barbecuemutton FoodinOldBeijing BarbecueWan 烤肉宛 北京人提到烤肉 必提及 南宛北季 南宛 即是烤肉宛 北京經(jīng)營(yíng)烤肉的餐館數(shù)烤肉宛的字號(hào)最老 創(chuàng)建于清康熙二十五年 公元1686年 至今已有320多年歷史 烤肉宛的烤牛肉 溢油 蕩香 鮮嫩有 賽豆腐 的美稱 烤牛肉barbecueveal AdditionalInfo FoodinOldBeijing FangshanRestaurant 仿膳飯莊 OpenedbyZhaoRenzhai 趙任齋 aformerservantoftheQingcourt andlocatedonthenorthernshoreofBeihai 北海北岸 ThedishesarepreparedaccordingtorecipesusedbytheQingcourt withparticularattentionpaidtothecolor aroma taste andform FoodinOldBeijing TanFamilyCuisine 譚家菜 An officialcuisine restaurantinBeijing ItsfounderTanZongjun 譚宗浚 wasamemberoftheImperialAcademyoftheQingDynasty ItfallsunderGuangdongcuisine withseafoodsuchasabalone 鮑魚 andseacucumber 海參 asthemainfeature 清湯燕窩bird snestinclearwater 扒鮑魚stewedabalone AlleyandHawker sCrise TheglamorofOldBeijingcomesnotonlyfromthemagnificentcitygatetowers butalaofromthosenarrrowalleys orhutong astheyarecalledintheBeijingdialect AlleyandHawker sCrise ScholarZhangBoilstheSea 張生煮海 youcancomelookformeinZhuantarHutong 劇中寫潮州儒生張羽寓居石佛寺 清夜撫琴 招來(lái)東海龍王三女瓊蓮 兩人生愛慕之情 約定中秋之夜相會(huì) 至期 因龍王阻撓 瓊蓮無(wú)法赴約 張羽便用仙姑所贈(zèng)寶物銀鍋煮海水 大海翻騰 龍王不得已將張羽召至龍宮 與瓊蓮婚配 作品反映了古代勞動(dòng)人民征服大自然的幻想 表現(xiàn)了青年男女勇于反對(duì)封建勢(shì)力 爭(zhēng)取美滿愛情的斗爭(zhēng)精神 這一近似神話故事的劇作 為世代所傳誦 改編成各種地方戲盛演不絕 清初 李漁又據(jù)以改編為傳奇 蜃中樓 張生煮海 插畫 AdditionalInfo AlleyandHawker sCrise AlleysorHutong AlleysinOldBeijinghadtheirownspecialflavor andtheirnamesalonewereperhapspoeticenoughtogiveflighttopeople simagination orpracticalenoughtoreflectthelifestyleofordinarypeople 北京居民的門墩Gatepier tonamejustafew ApricotFlowerDayAlley 杏花天胡同 FlowerTwigAlley 花枝胡同 andMoonlightAlley 月光胡同 TeaLeafAlley 茶葉胡同 AlcoholAlley 燒酒胡同 andEggplantAlley 茄子胡同 AlleyandHawker sCrise AlleysorHutong Moreinterestingly accordingtotherecollectionsofelders differentalleyshaddifferentsmells Forexample MoneyandGrainAlley 錢糧胡同 smelledofcabbage HatAlley 帽兒胡同 ofsugar coatedhawsonsticks 冰糖葫蘆 andSedan chairAlley 轎子胡同 offermentedsoymilk 豆汁 AlleyandHawker sCrise AlleysinOldBeijingalsoechoedwiththecriesofvendorshawkingtheirwaresandthesoundsofparticularpercussioninstruments metallicclicks 響鐵 gongs 銅鑼 woodenclappers 木頭梆子 drum shapedrattles 撥浪鼓 Hawker sCries 貨聲 AlleyandHawker sCrise Hawker sCries 貨聲 Particularattentionwaspaidtothetonesandstylesofalleycriestoattractcustomers Thecrieshadtobevital thevoicecrisp thewordsclearlyarticulated andthetonemelodiouswithfloralembellishment 修飾 andsmoothness aswellasadraggingtune especiallyonthelastword ThecriesusingtheBeijingdialectwerehencerichwithalocalflavor Besidesbeingmusical thecriesofvendorspossessedliterarycharm withrhymingandexaggeratedmodesemployedtoexpressjoyorhumor AlleyandHawker sCrise Hawker sCries 貨聲 Forexample awatermelonvendorhawked Comehaveabite ofthisice cold crispfruit amoon shapedslice asbigasaboat pulp 瓤 assweetasaMid autumnmoon cake palmleavesfailtoshooaway 用噓聲趕走 beestakingitforahive sweetenyourmouthforjustapenny Suchcriesbrimmedwiththejoyandhumorofordinarypeople DoyouknowwhatisitsChineseversion AlleyandHawker sCrise 吃來(lái)唄弄一塊嘗 這冰人兒的西瓜脆沙瓤?jī)?三角的牙兒 船那么大的塊兒 冰糖的瓤?jī)?八月中秋月餅的餡兒 芭蕉葉轟不走那蜜蜂在這兒錯(cuò)搭了窩 沙著你的口甜吶 倆大子兒一牙兒 BustlingTianqiao TheTianqiaoareainOldBeijingwasaplacefamousforspotlightingBeijing sfolkcustoms withtheatersspecializingindifferenttypesoffolkperformances amusementplaygrounds tavems teahouses foodstands andkiosks 小亭 sellingdailynecessities BustlingTianqiao 天橋位于宣武區(qū)東部正陽(yáng)門外 原有漢白玉石橋一座 三梁四欄 橋下為由西向東的小河龍須溝 因明清兩代皇帝祭天壇時(shí)必經(jīng)之路而命名天橋 其范圍包括正陽(yáng)門大街 經(jīng)東西珠市口而南 迄天壇壇門之西北 永定門之北地區(qū) 后來(lái)逐漸形成另有 京味 特色的天橋市場(chǎng) 酒旗戲鼓天橋市 多少游人不憶家 天橋曲 清末民初的著名詩(shī)人易順鼎 AdditionalInfo BustlingTianqiao AmongtheentertainersofTianqiao themajoritywereengagedinacrobatics 雜技 andquyi 曲藝 Chinesefolkvocalartformsrichinlocalflavor includingballadeering 喝民謠 storytelling comictalk clappertalk crosstalk etc alongsidethoseinlocaloperas circusesandmartialarts eighteccentrics 八大怪 EverybodyHappy FiveKidsMakingTroubleatSchool 五子鬧學(xué) BustlingTianqiao Amongthemwerethreegroupsofentertainerswithuniqueappearance speechandbehavior andmostofall superbperformingskills Theywerecalledthe eighteccentrics 八大怪 engagingincomictalk vocalmimicry 模仿 balladeering andqigong eighteccentrics 八大怪 注 原名朱紹文 清同治 光緒年間在天橋賣藝 死于光緒二十五年 窮不怕以說(shuō)單口相聲為主 也會(huì)唱 上地時(shí)帶一副竹板 板上分別刻著一副對(duì)聯(lián) 上聯(lián) 滿腹文章窮不怕 下聯(lián) 五車書史落地貧 這是他的自我寫照 窮不怕的藝名即由此而得 每天上地開說(shuō)之前 他用白沙子在地上撒字 他常撒的一副對(duì)聯(lián)是 畫上荷花和尚畫 書臨漢字翰林書 他不但撒的字瀟灑漂亮 說(shuō)的段子也都是自己編撰的 天橋八大怪之一 窮不怕 BustlingTianqiao JesterKing 傻王 他生得粗壯高大 質(zhì)樸憨厚 臉上總是帶著一副憨笑 一副傻呵呵的樣子 因此人們稱他為 傻王 他是練硬氣功的 主要表演壓石 開石 斷石 他有三個(gè)拿手的節(jié)目 一是躺在地上 讓好幾個(gè)人抬著百十斤重的大石磨七 八塊 壓在他的胸上 傻王繃足了勁 紋絲不動(dòng) 二是用指斷石 他拿來(lái)大石頭 讓觀眾畫記號(hào) 畫哪兒用手指斷哪兒 三是以胸碎石 他脫去上衣 赤膊袒腹 手捧石頭 猛砸胸部 石碎而胸?zé)o恙 他還能將三百多斤的大磨盤拴上繩子套在脖子上放到背后 直著身子繞場(chǎng)走動(dòng) 他的表演常博得圍觀者的叫好 AdditionalInfo BustlingTianqiao FiveKidsMakingTroubleatSchool Atthebeginningoftheperformance theaudiencecouldhearthesnoring 鼾聲 ofpeoplesoundasleep followedbyacockcrowingatdawn awomanwakingupherhusband breastfeedinganinfant theeldersongettinguptopee thehusbandyawning goingtothemilltopullthedonkeyout dooropeningandclosing thudding 砰的一聲 ofthedonkey shoovesonthe BustlingTianqiao ground bellsclanking thewomanurginghersontogotoschool theeldersonaskingformoneytobuysteamedbunsforbreakfastandsingingonhiswaytoschool readingsbychildrenatschool whispers laughter wailsandbickering 爭(zhēng)吵聲 aftertheteacherleavestheclassroom scolding allsoundscleverlyreproducedandremarkablytruetolife Howmanykindsofvoiceisperformedinthisshow BustlingTianqiao 五子鬧學(xué) 五子鬧學(xué) 是按時(shí)間和空間的順序模仿多種更為復(fù)雜聲音的優(yōu)秀節(jié)目 場(chǎng)地內(nèi)并無(wú)屏障隔斷觀眾視線 只靠一把折扇遮掩即可演出 表演一開始 先學(xué)眾人睡覺時(shí)的鼾聲 然后是晨雞報(bào)曉聲 女人喊醒丈夫 小孩吃奶 大孩子下地小便 男人打哈欠聲 下床到磨房拉驢出門 門扉的開合聲 驢蹄聲 鈴鐺聲 婦人催孩子上學(xué)聲 要餑餑錢時(shí)的對(duì)話聲 大兒子上學(xué)路上唱歌走路聲 學(xué)堂里學(xué)生們念書聲 先生走后學(xué)生的議論聲 笑聲 哭聲 口角聲 責(zé)打聲 種種聲音 無(wú)不模仿得惟妙惟肖 AdditionalInfo TempleFairsinOldBeijing TemplefairsinOldBeijingwereregularlyheldaroundlargeandwell knowntemples whichhadtheirparticularflavorsandstyles VisitingtemplefairswasamajorpastimeinthelivesofBeijingresidents Ditan 地壇 TempleFair TempleFairsinOldBeijing TheLongfuTempleFair TheLongfuTempleFairstartsrightoutsidethestreetsthatleadtothegateofthetemple Alongthemgatherallsortsofstandsandstores sellingsecond handgoods rarebirds dogsandcatsofrarebreeds books age oldbooksnotcommonlyseenoutsidethefair andtea Insidethetemple therearethreestreets WengOuhong 翁偶虹 TempleFairsinOldBeijing Templefairswereentertainmentvenuesforordinarypeople therefore everythinginthemwascloselyrelatedtodailylife Yettemplefairsalsostoodoutbeyondeverydaylife thusgivingbothphysicalandspiritualpleasuretovisitors betheymaleorfemale youngorold LeisureLifeinOldBeijing TheleisurelivesofpeopleinOldBeijingwererefined balancedandcarefree brimmingwiththecharmoftheancientcapital Beijingersliketohavefun andaregoodatlookingforfun ChenJiangong 陳建功 LeisureLifeinOldBeijing Toraiseabirdisfun toflyakiteisfun tosipwinewithapieceofgarlicisfun andtosinganariaofPekingOperaorlistentoitisalsogreatfun themostcommonwayofenjoyingaleisurelylifeforordinaryBeijingersistodrinkteaandwine 京劇PekingOpera TempleFairsinOldBeijing Peoplewouldstoptorestatateahouseontheirwaytoexercisetheirpetbirds Theywouldeitherhangthecagesonapoleorputthemonthetable sippingteawhileenjoyingthecreatures Ateahousewasapublicplaceforsocializing aswellasacompactsocietywherecomediesandtragediesofeverydaylifetranspired 發(fā)生 老舍茶館LaoSheTeahouse TempleFairsinOldBeijing AlargenumberofrestaurantswerescatteredthroughoutthecityofOldBeijing butmostofthelargeoneswerelocatedinbusinessareas whilesmalltavernsweresetupattheentrancetoalleys TempleFairsinOldBeijing Thesetavernsusuallyhadsimpledishestogowithwine suchasboiledpeanuts driedtofu preservedeggs smokedfish andfriedshrimps Insidethetaverns therewereusuallyseveralbigvats 缸 theirmouthscoveredwithbiglidspaintedred whichservedastables hencethesetavernswerenicknamed BigWineVats TempleFairsinOldBeijing Besidesdrinkingteaandwine Beijingershadotherwaystoenjoylife suchasraisinggoldfishandpigeons flyingkites raisingcrickets 蟋蟀 andgrasshoppers collectingporcelainware facialmasks pottedplants clayanddoughfigurines Theycouldfindpleasureinalltypesoftrivialthings tomaketheirlivesmoreinterestingandjoyful TempleFairsinOldBeijing Beijingerslikedtoraisegoldfish ahobbydevelopedasearlyastheJin 1115 1234 andYuandynasties Theyenjoyedsettingupgoldfishtanks which togetherwithpomegranatetrees becameanindispensabledecorationforatraditionalcourtyardknownassiheyuan TempleFairsinOldBeijing WangShixiang b 1914 afolklorist remarkedthatthesoundofpigeonwhistleshadbecomeasymbolofBeijing Hesaid InBeijing beitinwarmspringorhighsummer clearautumnoricycoldwinter whistlingsoundscanbeheardinthesky Thickatonemoment thinatanother remoteornear highorlow quickorslow atalltimestheyhoverandecho likerefreshingmusicfromheaven Headded Thisappealingsoundwakespeopleupfromtheirdreams drawstheireyesupintothedistantfirmament 蒼穹 andbringsjoytochildrenandadultsalike forwhoknowshowmanytimes LeisureLifeinOldBeijing 飛在北京老屋上的鴿子WhitepigeonsovertheroofofanoldhouseinBeijing TempleFairsinOldBeijing Followingthechangesofthetimes thelifestyleofBeijingpeoplehasalsochanged Attheendofthe20thcenturyandthebeginningofthe2lstcentury thereappearedBarStreetinSanlitun GuijieStreetinDongzhimen andanotherBarStreetAroundShichahaiLake forpeopletoenjoythemselvesintheirsparetime LeisureLifeinOldBeijing 三里屯酒吧夜景ViewofBarStreetinSanlitunatnight LeisureLifeinOldBeijing 什剎海風(fēng)景ViewofShichahai Exercises Comprehension Communication Application Comprehension I SkimmingandScanning1 Gothroughthepassage1 9quicklyandfillinthefollowingtable Comprehension Comprehension Comprehension I SkimmingandScanning2 Gothroughthepassage10 31quicklyandfillinthefollowingtable Comprehension Comprehension Comprehension 1 ThefirstparagraphpaintsapictureofOldBeijingby 2 Inadditiontothethreespecialties Shaguojualsoserves 3 ThedifferencebetweenBarbecueJiandBarbecueWanisthat listingthevariedcustomsandspecialties ofit three whitehotpot meatballhotpot braisedpreservedcabbage etc theformerservesmutton insteadofvealasthelater II CarefulReading1 Readthepassagecarefullyandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation Comprehension 4 IfyouwanttotrydifferentBeijingsnacks youshouldgoto Restaurant 5 XiaoQianisanexampleof 6 ThehistoryofZhuantarAlleycanbetracedbacktothe Dynasty 7 Wecaninferthat Alleywasrichinsugar coatedhawsonsticks theFangshan themanywhomiss thefoodsandsnacksofBeijing Yuan Hat Comprehension 8 Thevendors midnightcriesweretosell 9 Thevendors criesbearthesecharacteristics 10 JesterKing whocouldbreaka20cm thickstonewithhispalm wasamong noodles steamedbunsandwontonsoup thevoicecrisp thewordsclearlyarticulated andthetonemelodiouswithfloralembellishmentandsmoothness aswellasadraggingtune the eight eccentrics Comprehension 11 In1930 therewere20templefairs and16in 12 Peopleshouldgodown streetattheLongfuTempleFairinordertowatchperformances 13 ThemostimportantwayforBeijingerstospendtheirleisuretimeisto downtown areas thesuburbs middle drinkteaandwine Comprehension 14 Ifpeoplewantedtogoforadrink theywouldgoto 15 Thetypicaldecorationsofsiheyuanare and 16 Atthebeginningofthenewcentury theemergenceof changedthelifestyleofBeijingers smalltavernssetupattheentrance toalleys goldfishtankspomegranatetrees barstreets Comprehension 2 MatchthefollowingChinesenamesoffoodstuffwiththetranslation Seasoners 醬油mincedgarlic芝麻油 香油 chillioil蒜泥soysauce辣椒油sesameoilFoods 豬肝finevermicelli粉絲driedshrimp海米pigliver海參seacucumber Comprehension Snacks 豌豆黃buckwheatcake蕓豆卷 donkey roll soybeanflourcake窩頭pea flourcake肉末燒餅corn flourbun扒糕wonton驢打滾jelliedtofu糖葫蘆cakeswithmeatfillings餛飩sugar coatedhawsonsticks豆腐腦kidney bean flourroll面茶seasonedflourmush Comprehension Dishes 烤鴨stir friedchicken涮羊