劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)BEC中級(jí)寫(xiě)作講義.xls

第 1 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 8 點(diǎn)擊朗誦外語(yǔ) 需要啟用宏后才能使用朗誦功能 啟用方法 先啟用編輯 然后啟用宏內(nèi)容 2003版啟用方法如下 工具 宏 安全性 低或中 重啟文檔 啟用宏 不會(huì)啟用宏 點(diǎn)擊查看幫助 中級(jí)寫(xiě)作電子講義中級(jí)寫(xiě)作電子講義 中級(jí)寫(xiě)作電子講義 第一講 BEC寫(xiě)作概述 本課程安排簡(jiǎn)介 本課程安排簡(jiǎn)介本課程安排簡(jiǎn)介 本課程安排簡(jiǎn)介 寫(xiě)作共6次課 第1次講概述 BEC 寫(xiě)作簡(jiǎn)介 寫(xiě)作簡(jiǎn)介寫(xiě)作簡(jiǎn)介 寫(xiě)作簡(jiǎn)介 1 11 1 寫(xiě)作目的與要求 寫(xiě)作目的與要求寫(xiě)作目的與要求 寫(xiě)作目的與要求 1 Can make notes that are useful to both him herself and to colleagues 2 Can write most letters he she is likely to be asked to do such errors as occur will not 第 2 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) prevent understanding of the message 3 Can write a simple report 寫(xiě)作考試共進(jìn)行 45分鐘 占總成績(jī)的25 小作文占10分 大作文占20分 更多的報(bào)名信息和成績(jī)查詢(xún)方法請(qǐng)上網(wǎng)了解 教育部考試中心 2 22 2 測(cè)試范圍與選材 測(cè)試范圍與選材測(cè)試范圍與選材 測(cè)試范圍與選材 1 身份介紹 Personal Identification 2 工作環(huán)境與日常事務(wù) The office general business environment and routine 3 接待與閑暇活動(dòng) Entertainment of clients free time relationships with colleagues and clients 4 商務(wù)旅行 Travel 5 健康 Health 6 購(gòu)買(mǎi)與銷(xiāo)售 Buying and selling 7 公司結(jié)構(gòu) 系統(tǒng)及程序 Company structures systems processes 第 3 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 8 產(chǎn)品與服務(wù) Products and services 9 成果與成就 Results and achievements 其外 還會(huì)涉及其他的一般商務(wù)話題 Business issues 3 測(cè)試題型分析 測(cè)試題型分析測(cè)試題型分析 測(cè)試題型分析 An Overview of BEC Vantage Writing PART Functions Communicative Task Input Response Register 1 Business Correspondence e g giving instructions explaining a development asking for comments requesting information agreeing to requests Rubric only plus layout of output text type 第 4 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Note message memo or e mail 40 50 words Neutral informal 2 Correspondence e g explaining apologising reassuring complaining Report describing summarising Proposal describing summarising recommending persuading One or more pieces of input from business correspondence medium may be letter fax or e mail internal communication medium may be note 第 5 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) memo or e mail notice advert graphs chart etc plus layout if output is fax or e mail Business correspondence medium may be letter fax or e mail or short report or proposal medium may be memo or e mail 120 140 words Neutral formal 題型 1 商務(wù)便條類(lèi) 2 商務(wù)便函類(lèi) 3 商務(wù) 書(shū)信類(lèi) 4 商務(wù)報(bào)告類(lèi) 注意 BEC不是單純的英語(yǔ)考試 也不是考察商務(wù)知識(shí) 對(duì)策 學(xué)習(xí) 模仿高水平的論文 例題解析 第 6 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 例題解析例題解析 例題解析 You work for a company which produces laser prin ters You are visiting another company Softcell to buy some computer software for your department They have expressed an interest in your company s printers and you would like to take twenty brochures and three sample printers with you 相關(guān)詞匯 laser inkjet projector Barco photocopier Xerox fax machine scanner computer monitor 相關(guān)詞匯 company literature brochure leaflet flyer white book data sheet prospectus Write a short note to Mr Jim Asano the Sales M anager Asking for his permission to take these items Explaining why you want them Mentioning the time and date when you want to co llect them 第 7 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Write 40 50 words on your Answer Sheet 便函便條類(lèi) 題目的結(jié)構(gòu) Input situation description Task memo note email content points Write internal message 40 50 words 注意 格式 發(fā)揮部分要確切 評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn) BEC寫(xiě)作評(píng)分方法 寫(xiě)作評(píng)分方法寫(xiě)作評(píng)分方法 寫(xiě)作評(píng)分方法 級(jí)別 級(jí)別級(jí)別 級(jí)別 第一部分分?jǐn)?shù) 第一部分分?jǐn)?shù)第一部分分?jǐn)?shù) 第一部分分?jǐn)?shù) 5 第 8 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 全部完成答題要求 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)都已包括在內(nèi)并在答題要求允許的 情況下加以發(fā)揮 語(yǔ)言規(guī)范 自然 錯(cuò)誤最少 均屬小錯(cuò) 多樣化的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和豐富的詞匯量 組織效果好 注意前后呼應(yīng) 語(yǔ)域和格式完全適當(dāng) 給讀者的印象極佳 9或10分 4 較好的完成答題要求 所有內(nèi)容點(diǎn)都處理得不錯(cuò) 大體準(zhǔn)確 運(yùn)用復(fù)雜語(yǔ)言時(shí)有錯(cuò)誤 結(jié)構(gòu)合理 用詞準(zhǔn)確 大體上組織較好 注意邏輯關(guān)系 語(yǔ)域和格式總體來(lái)說(shuō)適當(dāng) 給讀者的印象良好 7或8分 第 9 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 3 尚能達(dá)到答題要求 所有的主要內(nèi)容點(diǎn)已包括進(jìn)去 遺漏了一些次要 的內(nèi)容 出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤 但不妨礙交流 結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯掌握范圍適度 組織和安排總的來(lái)說(shuō)令人滿(mǎn)意 語(yǔ)域和格式尚可 雖然并不完全成功 給讀者的印象較好 5或6分 2 不能完全達(dá)到答題要求 遺漏了一些主要的內(nèi)容點(diǎn)或者處理得不充分 可 能有些不切題 有時(shí)錯(cuò)誤影響清楚交流 錯(cuò)誤較多 使讀者感到 迷惑 結(jié)構(gòu) 詞匯掌握范圍有限 內(nèi)容條理不清 不連貫 造成理解困難 第 10 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 語(yǔ)域和格式不適當(dāng) 給讀者的印象不佳 3或4分 1 未能達(dá)到答題要求 1或2分 顯著的內(nèi)容遺漏 或大量?jī)?nèi)容 不相關(guān) 可能由于對(duì) 題目要求的誤解 嚴(yán)重不規(guī)范 經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)基本錯(cuò)誤 題目要求的結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯幾乎沒(méi)有提到 缺乏組織 造成交流失敗 幾乎沒(méi)有使用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)域和格式 給讀者的印象極差 0 什么要求也沒(méi)達(dá)到 字?jǐn)?shù)少于所需字?jǐn)?shù)的25 或是 完全不能辨認(rèn)或是完全不切題 0分 注意 content accuracy conciseness 第 11 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 例題 Christmas is coming Your company is going to ho ld the annual Christmas party As the secretary of the general manager you help arrange the preparation for it Write a memo to all employees Announcing the planned party Welcoming all employees to join it Introducing the programs of it Mention the time and place that it takes place Write 40 50 words on your Answer Sheet 商務(wù)書(shū)信類(lèi) 商務(wù)書(shū)信類(lèi)商務(wù)書(shū)信類(lèi) 商務(wù)書(shū)信類(lèi) 這一題型要求考生根據(jù)所提供的短文 如書(shū)信 傳真 便 函 留言條 電話留言條 等 起 草一封書(shū)信 字?jǐn)?shù)要求達(dá)到120 140詞左右 題目結(jié)構(gòu) Input 1 situation description 2 task 第 12 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 3 target reader Reading texts in note letter fax memo content points handwritten notes second letter Write business letter 120 140 words 注意英美拼寫(xiě)問(wèn)題 例題 You have organised a production conference for y our company which will be held on 10 October 2005 The following is the letter of confirmation you received from the Conference Centre Read the letter and fax below which gives detai ls of the conference Then using all information from the fax write your letter to John Smith at the Nuffield Conference Centre explaining the changes to the arrangements Do not include postal addresses Write 120 140 words on separate sheet Dear Conference Organiser I am writing to confirm the arrangements for the conference DATE AND TIME 10th October 10 a m to 5 p m 第 13 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) NUMBER OF GUESTS 50 ROOMS RESERVED 10 a m to 12 30 p m CONFERENCE HALL 3 2 p m to 5 p m SEMINAR ROOMS 1 2 and 3 CATERING Coffee 11 a m to 11 30 a m Lunch 12 30p m to 2p m Conference Centre Restaurant Tea 4 p m We look forward to welcoming your company to the Nuffield Conference Centre Yours faithfully John Smith Today your Production Manager has sent you the fax below with changes he would like to make to the conference arrangements 第 14 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) FAX I m afraid we have to make some last minute changes to the arrangements for our production conference 1 Ten more guests have accepted 2 The President wants only one hour for lunch and just a simple buffet not seated in the restaurant The Conference Speaker Tom Moors can t come until 2 pm So he will give his presentation in the afternoon Can we move the seminars to the morning Sorry about this Sam 注意 1 不要跑題 2 適當(dāng)發(fā)揮 3 目標(biāo)讀者 4 不要抄襲 三種對(duì)策 a 換句型 e g This rule applies in every case 第 15 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) There are no exceptions to the rule 肯定句變 否定句 b 換同義詞 e g The arguments put forward by these two authors are nearly the same The views expressed by the two writers are almost identical c 改詞性 e g The English language has had a major impact on developing other world languages Other world languages have been greatly affected by the English language in their developments 商務(wù)報(bào)告類(lèi) 商務(wù)報(bào)告類(lèi)商務(wù)報(bào)告類(lèi) 商務(wù)報(bào)告類(lèi) 例題 You recently attended a one day course on office management Below is the course programme with the comments you wrote on it 第 16 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Write a short report about the course for your M anager Include all your comments and say whether your company should send other staff on this course Write 120 140 words Write on your Answer Sheet Do not write in capi tal letters OFFICE MANAGEMENT SEMINAR Field House London 26 May 1999 PROGRAMME 9 00 10 45 Managing people and developing productive Working relationships 10 45 11 00 Coffee 11 00 12 45 Planning the day work flow prioritising 12 45 1 30 Lunch 第 17 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 1 30 3 15 Problem solving and decision making 3 15 3 30 Tea 3 30 5 00 Staff appraisal and staff development very general nothing new too short to meet people useful ideas Recommend fell asleep good practical 第二講 BEC寫(xiě)作的語(yǔ)言 語(yǔ)法 組織和文體 第 18 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 評(píng)分五個(gè)方面 評(píng)分五個(gè)方面評(píng)分五個(gè)方面 評(píng)分五個(gè)方面 1 content 2 language 3 structure informing her when and where the sales presentation will be held 有同學(xué)寫(xiě)成Mr Smith told me to ask who wants to attend 有同學(xué)寫(xiě)成 Please write a note to Ms Liu asking her to attend a sales presentation 一定要把題目看清楚 再下筆寫(xiě) 一 商務(wù)便函 一般公司企業(yè)往往都印有按照自己公司風(fēng)格的商業(yè)便函 請(qǐng) 看下列例子 第 45 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Memo To 收信人 From 發(fā)信人 Date 日期 Subject 事由 Message 正文 大企業(yè)往往擁有許多分支機(jī)構(gòu) 其商務(wù)便函信箋就包含較多 的內(nèi)容 如 Memo To 收信人 Company 分公司 Dept 部門(mén) Location 第 67 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) informing her when and where the sales presentation will be held 有同學(xué)寫(xiě)成Mr Smith told me to ask who wants to attend 有同學(xué)寫(xiě)成 Please write a note to Ms Liu asking her to attend a sales presentation 一定要把題目看清楚 再下筆寫(xiě) 一 商務(wù)便函 一般公司企業(yè)往往都印有按照自己公司風(fēng)格的商業(yè)便函 請(qǐng) 看下列例子 Memo To 收信人 From 發(fā)信人 Date 日期 Subject 事由 Message 正文 大企業(yè)往往擁有許多分支機(jī)構(gòu) 其商務(wù)便函信箋就包含較多 的內(nèi)容 如 第 68 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Memo To 收信人 Company 分公司 Dept 部門(mén) Location Sue Smith Manuela Garcia 18 00 John Sallis to take Ms Garcia to the airport 19 30 Ms Garcia departs on flight 1 B 886 to Madrid 例題 Dear Ms Garcia Further to last week s correspondence I am writing to inform you that we have to make a few changes to the original itinerary for Wednesday 20 October Firstly in order to allow plenty of time for you to travel from the airport your tour of the company will be slightly shorter than the hour which we had originally planned Secondly please note that as the White Hart is full on Wednesday lunch will be at the Swan Hotel Carol Snape will however not be joining us due to a previous engagement 第 103 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) It has been confirmed that Tom McAllister will show the new video about our new natural shampoo range at 16 00 As John Sallis has to leave early Sue Smith will accompany you to the airport for your evening flight If you have any questions please do not hesitate to contact me Yours sincerely 例題 You are responsible for planning the magazine ad vertising of your company s new product which is a polish for cars You have just received the letter below from the magazine that you are going to advertise with You have also received a memo from your Marketing Manager about the advertising campaign Restaurant full It s now the Swan hotel Carol can t make it Explain why Give some details John has to go early Sue will 第 104 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) take Manuela to the airport write a letter of 12 0 140 words to Mr Ellwood at the magazine telling him about the changes to the advertisement booking and asking him or any other information that you require 5點(diǎn) colour advert six issues check price bigger discount supagloss 邀請(qǐng)信 邀請(qǐng)信邀請(qǐng)信 邀請(qǐng)信 句型 Inviting Offering We should like to invite you 第 105 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) We should be very pleased if you could We should be delighted if you could Thanking Thank you very much for your kind invitation to It was very kind of you to invite me to I was delighted to receive your invitation to Accepting I would be very pleased to I should be delighted to Declining Unfortunately due to I am unable to 例題 要點(diǎn) 邀請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)英國(guó)并且參觀工廠 請(qǐng)客人看劇 第 106 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 日期在11月 內(nèi)容點(diǎn) Thanking Ms Goddard for her letter accepting the invitation to visit the company accepting the invitation to the theatre saying the date are unsuitable and explain why suggesting an alternative date 范文 Dear Ms Beddington Thank you for your advertisement booking the details of which I confirm below Name of Company Autocare Products Name of Product Supergloss Details of Advert 1 2 page black and white Advert will appear in June July and August issues of the magazine Cost of advert 350 per issue 3 issues 1050 Discount 5 for early booking Total Cost 997 50 We trust that this is satisfactory 第 107 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Yours sincerely Memo To Cathy Beddington From John Humphrey Re New Product advertising The Managing Director has approved an increase of budget on this campaign so we can go for colour advert six issues Could you contact the magazine and get them to change this Please check the price and the possibility of a bigger discount Also tell them to get the product name right Supagloss Thanks Dear Ms Goddard With reference to your letter of November 3 I am writing to thank you for your kind 第 108 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) invitation I would be very pleased to accept your invitation to see Trackplus s production facilities I would also be interested in meeting your colleagues at Head Office the design team in particular I should also be delighted to accept your offer of arranging for me to see a play in the West End Unfortunately due to a business trip abroad I am unable to come to England at the end of November as you suggested However as I feel it is important that we meet before Christmas I would be grateful if you could tell me if the second week of December would be suitable for you I look forward to hearing from you again Yours Sincerely Paolo Fellini Test 4 PART TWO 第 109 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) You are in charge of technical resources in your company You have just received a letter from the Customer Services Manager at JLM Communications who are installing a new telephone switchboard at your offices Look at part of the letter below on which you h ave already made some handwritten notes Then using all your handwritten notes write a letter to JLM s Customer Services Manager Write 120 140 words You do not need to provide postal addresses 第 110 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) We would like to begin installing your new telephone switchboard on Tuesday 10 June We hope to finish the work as soon as possible Please note that extension numbers beginning with 8 will now start with 5 and that all others will start with 3 If you have any technical queries please contact our technical representative at our main office A copy of our invoice is attached date no good NAME 第 111 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) name how many days work system too complicated Sample C Dear Sir or Madam I would like to thank you for your letter dated 15 5 2003 Firstly unfortunately we have an international conference on the 10th of June Therefore this date is not convenient for us Could you please start at the 11th of June Furthermore we would like to know how long the work will take 第 112 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Concerning the numbers The system you announced seems to be difficult Is there an easier way to handle this problem with different numbers As for our further requests could we have a direct telefon number as well as the name of the person dealing with us We are looking forward to paying the bill as soon as the work is successfully finished in case of any theesing problems We are looking forward to hearing from you Yours faithfully 第六講 商務(wù)報(bào)告及建議書(shū) 一 題型分析 根據(jù)不同的寫(xiě)作目的 商務(wù)報(bào)告分類(lèi) 1 提供信息 Information 2 分析歸納 Analysis Conclusion 第 113 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 3 提出建議 Recommendation 題目分類(lèi) 1 文字類(lèi)的題目 2 圖表類(lèi)的題目圖表的分類(lèi) 表格分類(lèi) 曲線圖 line chart 柱狀圖 bar chart 餅狀圖 pie chart 和表格 table A 表格 Table 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查結(jié)果表 含本公司和Shikei的產(chǎn)品 will pay when job finished say A Tomatsu B Shike Value for money Reliability After sales service Availability 第 114 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Advertising B 餅狀圖 Pie Chart 1999年終各地區(qū)的銷(xiāo)售總量 單位 百萬(wàn)美元 C 柱形圖 Bar Chart 第 115 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 1999年終各地區(qū)的銷(xiāo)售總量 單位 百萬(wàn)美元 D 曲線圖 Line Chart 1988 1995三個(gè)地區(qū)的銷(xiāo)售總量 單位 百萬(wàn)美元 二 報(bào)告或建議書(shū)的結(jié)構(gòu) 1 introduction 2 facts and findings 3 conclusions 4 recommendations 三 句型 Introduction The aim purpose of this report is to This report sets out to 第 116 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) Conclusion It was decided agreed felt that No conclusions were reached regarding Recommendations We would recommend that It is suggested that 注意四個(gè)方面 1 內(nèi)容上 要選取重要信息 要導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù) 2 結(jié)構(gòu)上 要按照上面的套路 不要寫(xiě)流水賬 3 語(yǔ)言上 要多變 句式和選詞都要多變 4 語(yǔ)法上 要注意時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完 成 四 四四 四 第 117 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 商務(wù)報(bào)告與建議書(shū)的語(yǔ)言 商務(wù)報(bào)告與建議書(shū)的語(yǔ)言商務(wù)報(bào)告與建議書(shū)的語(yǔ)言 商務(wù)報(bào)告與建議書(shū)的語(yǔ)言 1 常用詞語(yǔ) 常用的概括圖表信息的詞組和表達(dá)方式 A 上升趨勢(shì) to increase an increase to go up to grow a growth to jump a jump to leap a leap to reach a peak a peak to soar a soar to rise a rise to upsurge an upsurge to upswing an upswing 第 118 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) B 下降趨勢(shì) to collapse a collapse to decline a decline to drop a drop to decrease a decrease to fall a fall to go down to reach a low point a low point to reduce a reduction c 程度 a 升降程度較大 a great deal big a lot apparent apparently clear dearly considerable considerably important importantly dramatic dramatically 第 119 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) great greatly drastic drastically marked markedly much obvious obviously fast quick quickly rapid rapidly remarkable remarkably sharp sharply significant significantly strong strongly sudden suddenly b 升降程度較小 a bit a little fractional fractionally gentle gently 第 120 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) gradual gradually hardly little slight slightly slow slowly small steady steadily c 平穩(wěn)狀態(tài) to be hardly changed to have little change to keep steady to level off to remain constant to remain unchanged 2 句型模版 描述餅圖 1 x of the 比較主體 is has are have 第 121 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 2 比較主體 中的一部分 is constitutes accounts for in the whole pie chart 3 比較群體中的一部分 is are in the pie chart 做出比較 1 The 比較主體 doubled tripled in 時(shí)間 compared with those in 時(shí)間 A在XX期間增長(zhǎng)了一倍 兩倍 2 The 比較主體 in 地點(diǎn) in 時(shí)間 is in contrast to in 地點(diǎn) in 時(shí)間 A在XX期間的數(shù)量是XX 然而 同時(shí) B在XX期間的數(shù)量是XX 3 A is in direct proportion to B A is directly proportional to B AB成正比 4 A is in inverse reciprocal proportion to B A is inversely reciprocally proportional to B AB成反比 5 A has 倍數(shù) as many 可數(shù)的比較主體 as B A是B的多 少倍 6 A has 倍數(shù) as much 不可數(shù)的比較主體 as B 同上 7 A has the same 比較主體 as B AB相同 相等 第 122 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 五 報(bào)告模版 INTRODUCTION首句 1 The purpose of this report is to 2 The objective of this report is to 3 The aim of this report is to 4 This report aims to 5 Mr X has asked me to report to investigate evaluate study recommend analyze give feedback estimate assess 重復(fù)題目 6 As requested by 某人 某部門(mén) I am submitting the following report about 重復(fù)題目中的目 的 7 Upon request of 某人 某部門(mén) 8 As you或者某人 某部門(mén) requested on November 12 I am submitting the following report on 重復(fù)題目 9 Here is the report concerning 重復(fù)題目要求 10 We have done a survey showing that 重復(fù)題目要求 或者直接開(kāi)始闡述數(shù)據(jù)或者信息 FINDINGS首句 首句首句 第 123 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 首句 1 According to the recent market research investigation survey the chart above the table above undertaken 2 The recent visit investigation survey showed that 3 The table chart above tells us that 4 From the chart shown we find learn notice that 5 The table chart above is showing that CONCLUSION首句 1 在有conclusion這個(gè)sub title的情況下 就直接陳述結(jié) 論 2 According to the findings above it can be concluded that 3 From the table shown it can be concluded that 4 Therefore it can be concluded that RECOMMENDATION首句 首句首句 首句 1 在有recommendation這個(gè)sub title的情況下 也可以直 接陳述結(jié)論 注意 recommendation 第 124 頁(yè) 共 141 頁(yè) 以及recommend后面要用動(dòng)詞原形 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 2 The following are the recommendations 3 It is recommended that 4 Sth should be done 5 Based on the conclusion analysis above we recommend that it can concluded that 6 With reference to the advantages stated above the following recommendations can be made 7 With reference to the facts above the following recommendations can be made 8 something is recommended eg A change of attitude is recommended A more professional attitude will need to be encouraged through training 9 On the basis of the results I have the following recommendations 10 On the basis of the analysis it is reasonable to have the following recommendations 如果需要進(jìn)一步拓展 可以描述一下建議實(shí)施后可預(yù)期