初中高中英語八大時態(tài)語態(tài).doc

初中英語八大時態(tài)語態(tài)總復習一、一般現在時：概念：經常、反復發(fā)生的動作或行為及現在的某種狀況。時間狀語：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays(=every Sunday) , etc.基本結構：be動詞；行為動詞否定形式：am/is/are+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加dont,如主語為第三人稱單數，則用doesnt，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數，則用does，同時，還原行為動詞。二、一般過去時：概念：過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。時間狀語：ago,yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結構：be動詞；行為動詞否定形式：was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時還原行為動詞。三、現在進行時：概念：表示現階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。時間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結構：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。四、過去進行時：概念：表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等?；窘Y構：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。五、現在完成時：概念：過去發(fā)生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果，或從過去已經開始，持續(xù)到現在的動作或狀態(tài)。時間狀語：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc.基本結構：have/has+done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑問句：have或has。六、過去完成時：概念：以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。時間狀語：before,by the end of last year(term,month),etc.基本結構：had+done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑問句：had放于句首。七、一般將來時：概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。時間狀語：tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by,the day after tomorrow,etc.基本結構：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do.否定形式：was/were + not;在行為動詞前加didnt，同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。八、過去將來時：概念：立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。時間狀語：the next day(morning,year),the following month(week),etc.基本結構：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。. 幾種常見時態(tài)的相互轉換英語中的幾種時態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉換，以下是幾種常見的轉換形式：一、一般過去時與現在完成時的轉換在現在完成時中，延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，瞬間動詞卻不能。但是，可用別的表達方式：瞬間動詞用于“一段時間+ ago”的一般過去時的句型中；瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續(xù)性動詞及短語，與一段時間連用；瞬間動詞用于“It is + 一段時間+ since+ 一般過去時”的句型中，表示“自從以來有時間”的意思，主句一般用it is來代替It has been;瞬間動詞用于“Some time has passed since+ 一般過去時”的句型中。請看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般現在時與現在進行時的轉換在一般現在時中，at加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上學、上課）等。此短語可與進行時態(tài)轉換。請看：Peter is at work,but Mike is at play.Peter is working,but Mike is playing.三、現在進行時與一般將來時的轉換在現在進行時態(tài)中go,come,leave,start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意為“我就來，媽媽！”請看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+動詞原形”與“will(shall)+動詞原形”結構的轉換“be going to+動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事；將來時“will(shall)+動詞原形”結構在書面語中，當主語為第一人稱時，常用助動詞shall。在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will。請看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. 中考動詞時態(tài)考點分析一、 根據時間狀語確定時態(tài)的原則1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002遼寧) A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began 析 1. C。since后接時間的起點，for后接時間段，主句動詞用現在完成時，應注意瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的使用。二、 在復合句根據時態(tài)呼應確定時態(tài)的原則2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龍江 )A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come 析 2. C。if既可引導賓語從句，也可引導狀語從句。充當賓語從句的連接詞時，相當于whether，詞義是“是否”。充當狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義是“如果”。從時態(tài)看，if引導賓語從句時謂語動詞的時態(tài)應根據主句的時態(tài)作相應的變化；引導表示將來動作或狀態(tài)的條件句時，若主句用一般將來時，則從句通常用一般現在時表示將來。三、 根據上下文已有時態(tài)信息點確定時態(tài)的原則3. When this kind of computer ? -Last year. (2002天津) A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used析 3. B。此例由下句的時間狀語推斷出一般過去時態(tài)，并且要考慮到被動語態(tài)。四、 利用上下文語意確定時態(tài)的原則4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西) A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got析 4. B。此例由didnt, at the party推斷出應用過去進行時。五、 時態(tài)中的“特殊”對策的原則5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002遼寧) A. is B. was C. has been D. will be析 5. A。 有些動詞其動詞的時態(tài)是“違背常理”的。如賓語從句表示的是一個客觀事實或客觀真理時，其時態(tài)不受主句限制而用一般現在時表示。. 中考實戰(zhàn)題練兵A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense:1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. (2002徐州市)2. I think he (be) back in a week. (2002南京市)3. Who (knock) at the door? -I dont know. Let me go and see. (2002連云港市)4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) todays work for tomorrow. (2002連云港市)5. - your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? -No. Theyre still in his bedroom. (2002南通市)6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. (2002遼寧)7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. (2002上海市)8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they(come) to work in China in 2001. (2002曲靖市)9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. (2002南充)10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. (2002陜西)Part B Voices.The Passive Voice一、Voices: The Active and Passive VoicesActive Voice 主動語態(tài) Passive VoiceMany people speak English. English is spoken by many people.They found the dinosaur eggs in Liaoning. The dinosaur eggs were found in Liaoning.We must do something to stop the pollution. Something must be done to stop the pollution.二、The formations of the passive voices of different tenses(A): 方 式時 間一 般 進 行完 成現 在amis + pp.areamis being + pp.arehas been + pp.have 過 去was + pp. were was being + pp.werehad been + pp.將 來shall be + pp.will過 去將 來should be + pp. wouldThe formations of the passive voices of modal verbs(B):must/can/ may/should + be + pp.三、When to use the Passive Voice:1. 行為主體不明確，不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。Football is played all over the world.2. 不易找到或根本就找不到動作的執(zhí)行者時。My bike was stolen.3. 漢語含有“據說”、“有人說”等時。It is said that another bridge has been built over the ChangjiangRiver.4. 漢語中含有“被”、“由”等詞時。Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.5. 漢語中沒有“被”、“由”等詞，而在原句中試加這類詞且句意通順時。These songs are usually sung by boys.6. 某些句子習慣上用被動語態(tài)。He was born in October, 1988.7. 表示禮貌時。You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8:00p.m. tomorrow.（Note: 用于被動語態(tài)中的動詞是及物動詞，不及物動詞不能用被動語態(tài)。）. 中考實戰(zhàn)題練兵A) Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verbs given:1. Last month, in the first match of the 17th World Cup, France (beat)0-1 by a new teamSenegal. (2002南京市)2. How many fridges (produce) in China in the last two years? (2002徐州市)3. No dictionary should (bring) to the English exam, boys and girls! (2002連云港市)4. That day each of us (give) ten dollars after we finish the work.(2002連云港市)5. They (warn) not to touch the machine while they were visiting the workshop. (2001吉林)B) Multiple Choice:( ) 1. I dont know the school, but its to be quite a good one. (2002蘇州市)A. told B. spoken C. talked D. said( ) 2. Please dont stand up in class until you . (2002泰州市)A. were told to B. are told to C. were told D. are told( )3. If Mg in O2, we MgO, and it combination reaction(化學變化). (2202泰州市)A. will burn; get; calls B. burns; will get; calledC. will burn; can get; is calling D. burns; will get; is called( ) 4. Please tell me when on the wall. (2002無錫市)A. has this map hung B. was this map hungC. this map has hung D. this map was hung( ) 5. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital. (2002常州市) A. is sent to B. will be taken to C. leaves D. doesn