非謂語動詞學案.doc

非謂語動詞非謂語：無人稱，數(shù)的變化，不單獨作謂語，但保留動詞特點，可以有賓語或狀語。非謂語動詞有哪些不同的形式？非謂語動詞主動形式被動形式一般式進行式完成式一般式完成式動詞不定式v- ing 過去分詞非謂語動詞在句中通常作什么成分？ 非謂語動詞主語賓語賓補主補定語狀語表語不定式v-ing過去分詞一、做主語：1. _做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為; _做主語常表示某次具體的行為或將來的動作。Climbing mountains is great fun. 爬山很有趣。To visit China is my next goal. _(smoke) is prohibited(禁止)here. It is not very good for you to _(smoke) so much.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have B. Having had C. Have D. Having 2. 不定式和動名詞做主語，可用it當形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語和動名詞短語后置。It took me only five minutes to finish the job.Its nice seeing you again. 下列句型中常用_作主語:Its use/ good / fun Its useful/ nice/ useless It is a waste of time.There is no _(joke/say/tell)1. _ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned2. It is not always easy _ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused3. How _ the problem will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving4. It _ forty-five minutes _ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to5. It is no good _. You should give_. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it6. There is no _( say )what will happen next.二、做賓語：He agreed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules again. He admitted breaking the window.Do you mind my closing the window?I remember locking the door. Please remember to lock the door.Lets begin to read. Lets begin reading.1. 下列動詞后常跟_做賓語：want, wish, hope, expect, ask, afford, agree, choose, pretend, decide, happen, learn, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, order, manage, promise, intend 決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。2. 在下列動詞或動詞短語后常用_做賓語： admit, advise, allow, appreciate, avoid, bear, cannot help, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, give up, imagine. include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, permit, practice, resist, risk, suggest, stand, insist on, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from), keepfrom, stop(from), protectfrom, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, have difficulty/trouble (in), have a hard time , There is no point/sense, admit to, be/ get/ become used to, be equal to, devoteto, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to, see to, lead to, pay attention to等。 考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認完成就欣賞。 禁止想象才冒險，不禁介意準逃亡3. 有些動詞既能以不定式作賓語，又能以動名詞作賓語。兩者意思_如：begin, start, like, hate, continue, prefer等。4. 有些動詞既能以不定式作賓語，又能以動名詞作賓語。兩者意思_此類動詞主要有：forget, remember, stop, regret, try, mean, cant help等。remember (forget) _ sth. 記?。ㄍ洠┮瞿呈聄emember (forget) _sth. 記得（忘記）過去曾經(jīng)做過某事regret_ sth. 對現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示“抱歉、遺憾”regret _ sth. 對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事表示后悔stop _sth. 停下來去做某事 stop _sth. 停止做某事 try _ sth. 設法，想法， 試圖 try _ sth. 試一試， 試試看mean _ sth. 打算，想要，有的意圖 mean _sth. 意味著，意思是，cant help _ sth. 不能幫忙做某事 cant help _sth. 禁不住做某事She sat there without _(speak)I look forward to _(see) him again.Are you used to _(live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _(laugh).I dont feel like _(go) to see the film.He was busy _(prepare) his lessons.Little Jim should love _( take) to the zoo this week.Can you imagine the difficulty we had _(find) the lost pet? The room wants _(clean). The method needs _(improve). This pair of shoes require _(mend). The problem needs _(work out). The question is well worth _(discuss)1. He gave us some advice on how _ English. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day, and they are waiting _. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September . Ato be heard B. to be hearing Cto hear D. to have heard 4. I forgot _ my name when I finished _ the composition. A. to sign, to writing B. to sign, writing C. signing, writing5. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done6. She cant help _ the house because shes busy _ a cake. A. to clean, making B. cleaning, making C. cleaned, to make D. being cleaned, made7. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 8. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost9. I like _ very much, but I dont like _ this afternoon.A. swimming, swimmingB. to swim, to swim C. swimming, to swimD. to swim, swimming 10.You are supposed to abandon _(play) computer games all the time. 11.The day we looked forward to _ .(陷阱題) A.come B.coming C.has come D.have come三、做表語 My hobby is collecting/ to collect ancient coins.My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.1. 表示一定的概念，具有名詞的性質時，不定式和動名詞可以互換。2. 若表示具體的、個別的動作或有將來含義時，一般用_。3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語具有形容詞特征,也可以作為形容詞。但要注意二者的區(qū)別 The party was very exciting. They were very excited at the newsamazing, amusing, astonishing, boring, confusing, delighting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, exciting, terrifying, frightening, scaring, exhausting, puzzling, tiring, thrilling, satisfying, inspiring, alarming amazed, amused, astonished, bored, confused, delighted, disappointed, discouraged, excited, terrified, frightened, scared, exhausted, puzzled, tired, thrilled, satisfied, inspired, alarmed1. Her wish is _ an engineer. A. becoming B. become C. to become D. being come2. Some peoples greatest pleasure is _. A. fishingB. to fish C. to be fishing D. being fish3. The report was so _ that they were all _. A. inspiring, exciting B. inspiring, excited C. inspired, excited D. inspired, exciting4. -“You look pale.” -“I feel a little _.” A. tireB. tiredC. tiringD. tiresome 5. The poor young tiger looked so _(scare) when it felt something _(terrify) would happen. and it let out a _(frighten) cry, standing next to its mother with a _(scare)look.四、做定語 The train to arrive is from LondonHe is always the first to come and the last to leave.a washing machine = a machine which is used for washinga reading room= a room which is used for readingthe rising sun= the sun which is risingthe changing world= the world which is changinga moving movie excited voice fallen leaves a broken cup 1. _做定語放在所修飾的名詞后，表示未發(fā)生的動作或通常發(fā)生的某一動作。2. _做定語往往說明所修飾詞的某種用途，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。3. _作定語表示主動、正在進行的動作。_作定語則表示被動、或完成的意義。單個分詞或形容詞性的分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的_；分詞短語作定語多置于被修飾詞_。. The young man who sits between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.Those who wish to join the club should sign hereThe man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memoryThe bridge which will be built next month is the third bridge across the riverThe bridge which is being built now is the third bridge across the riverThe bridge which was built last year is the third bridge across the river用所給動詞的正確形式填空：1)The man_ (question) in the police station now is a spy2)A man_ (respect) others will be respected3)She can find no one _(make) friends with4)Is there anybody _ (answer) the question ?5)Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners.6)She would be the best _(agree) the opinion 7)The matter _(discuss) now is very important8)That is the way _(operate) the machine9)She was then a professor _(love) by all her students10)With much money _(spend)，the boy formed a bad habit1. She said she had an important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. attending2. He is always the first _ questions. A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered3. The Olympic Games _ in the year 2012 will be a great success. A. being held B. to be held C. held D. to hold4. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written5. At present, English is the main subject _ here. A. to be taught B. being taught C. teaching D. to be teaching 6. -Who are those people with the banner? -A group _ itself the League for peace. A. calling B. calls C. called D. is called 7. The pen _ belongs to me. A. which it is on the table B. lying on the table C. is on the table D. which on the table 五、做補足語 The doctor advised him to stay in bed for another few days.We wish him to remain and accept the post.We noticed him enter the house.The boss made them work twelve hours a day.He felt the floor moving.He noticed the house broken in.1. 在“動詞+賓語+不定式”結構中，不定式作賓語補足語，“賓語+不定式”構成了復合賓語。 有些動詞要求不定式不帶to，有些要求必須帶to，還有的帶與不帶都可以。以下動詞后常跟帶符號to的不定式做賓語補足語： ask, tell, get, want, wish, order, persuade, advise, allow, warn, encourage, cause, require等。有些感官動詞和使役動詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后常跟不帶符號to的不定式做賓語補足語，常表示動作的整個過程。The doctor advised Lao Li _ more rest. A. that he got B. to get C. would get D. getSoon they saw the boy _ in the crowd. A. disappear B. to disappear C. disappears D. disappearedBirds are seldom heard _ at night. A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. to be singing You cant get your friend _(do) such a stupid thing for you.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做補足語分兩種情況： I find the book very interesting. The naughty boy is found very annoying. _性質的現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語： I see him passing by a bank. He was seen working in the garden._性質的現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語：感官動詞和使役動詞，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make, keep, get等后可以跟表示動作性質的現(xiàn)在分詞作補足語，表示“正在或持續(xù)做某事”。 He kept me _ for many hours. A. to wait B. having been waited C. waiting D. waited How can you _ him waiting in the rain for such a long time? ( make, have, keep, get, leave)Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. being smoked Having read the Emperors New Clothes, we all found it _. A. interest B. interested C. interesting D. to interest 3. 過去分詞(done)做賓語補足語，說明賓語的性質或狀態(tài)，與賓語一起構成復合賓語，其前的賓語是它的邏輯主語。The boss found his plan carried out successfully. The boy was found lost in the forest. (主補) Have you heard this song sung in Japanese? (賓補) This song is often heard sung everywhere in China. (主補) When she got home, she found her necklace gone. 句子由主動變被動時，賓語補足語相應的變?yōu)橹髡Z補足語。 1. I need this chapter _ before tomorrow. A. rewriting B. rewritten C. rewrite D. to write again2. When she returned home, she found the window open and something _. A. to steal B. losing C. missed D. stolen 3. There was so much noise that the speaker could not make himself _. A. being heard B. heard C. hearing D. hear 六、做狀語 1. 不定式做狀語，主要表示目的、結果、原因以及評論性狀語。She was surprised to see Jim walk in.To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself. In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.The child is old enough to dress himself. We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left. The husband left his wife, never to return.I have never seen such a person, to tell you the truth. To cut a long story short, we disagree. 長話短說，我們不同意。 不定式往往放在系表結構后面，表示產(chǎn)生某種情緒或狀態(tài)的原因。 不定式可以單獨作目的狀語，有時為了強調(diào)目的性,在不定式前可以加上in order, so as to 不定式表結果，常用在too to, enough to結構中。有時不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的結果。 有些不定式是用來表示說話者的觀點或態(tài)度的，放在句子之外，修飾整個句子，我們稱之為評論性狀語。I have enjoyed my visit here. Ill be very sorry _. A. for leaving B. of leaving C. to leave D. left I went to see him _ him out. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. only found 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語可表示時間、原因、結果、伴隨、方式、目的以及作評論性狀語等。Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy. =Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.=Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.=The fire lasted a whole night, causing great damage. =Following Tom, we started to climb. 我們跟隨湯姆開始爬山。He went into the house, followed by some children.Jane kept silent, trying not to show her feelings.She came riding a brand-new bike.They walked along the streets, talking and laughing.He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.Judging from her accent, she must come from Australia. 作評論性狀語，有些慣用的分詞短語在句中可以獨立存在，它們用來修飾全句，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點等。常見的有： generally speaking一般說來 strictly speaking嚴格說來 roughly speaking大致說來 narrowly speaking狹義上說 judging from/ by由判斷。_ the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms. A. To hear B. Hearing C. Having heard D. They hearing _ Hello, he reached out his hand. A. Said B. Saying C. Talked about D. Talking to 3. 過去分詞在句中可作時間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等狀語。Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond. =Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.=Infected with the H1N1, the little boy was separated from the other children.=United, we stand; divided, we fall. 合則立，分則敗。=The pop star hurried up to her car, followed by her fans. 過去分詞作時間狀語可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有時還可以置于主語和謂語之間。_ from the tallest building, the whole city looks very beautiful. A. See B. Saw C. Seeing D. Seen _ the past, our life is much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 非謂語動詞高考題精選1They knew her very wellThey had seen her _ up from childhood(MET88)Agrow Bg