新潮實(shí)用英語(yǔ)綜合教程unit.ppt

TextA TextB BasicTranslationTechniques Puns Unitseven ConqueringAdversity Listening Speaking ExpressingReproach CommunicativeFunction Directions Listentothesampledialogue Repeatwhatyouhaveheard Pleasepayspecialattentiontotheunderlinedpartsabouthowtoexpressreproach Task1ListenandRepeat Task2ListenandRespond Directions Listentothedialoguetwiceandanswerthefollowingquestions firstformainideasandthenformoredetails Directions Listentothesampledialoguesandcompletethemissingwords Then makesimilardialoguesaccordingtothegivensituations Task3ListenandSimulate Sample1 Sample2 Directions Practicewithyourpartneronhowtoreproachoverthesituationsbelow Thebeginningofthedialoguesisprovided Continuewiththedialoguesorthinkofasituationofyourwon Ifyouneedhelp youmayusetheexpressionsandsentencepatternsintheUsefulExpressionschart Task4CreateYourOwnDialogues VideoWatching TalkingaboutBeingFrustrated Reading Writing TextA Warm upDiscussion1 Howwouldyoudealwithsomeonewhoisunreasonableanddemanding 2 Whatisthebestwaytodealwithhostilityfromanotherperson legally physically orbyreason Underwhatcircumstanceswouldeachtacticwork 3 Doalllessonsinlifehavetobelearnedthehardway BackgroundReferencesofTextA EleanorRoosevelt 1884 1962 AnnaEleanorRoosevelt wifeofthethirty secondpresidentoftheUnitedStates wasaphilanthropist 慈善家 author worlddiplomat 外交家 andcampaignertohelptheunderprivileged 社會(huì)地位低下者 EleanorRooseveltwasborninNewYorkCityonOct 11 1884 intoaneconomicallycomfortablebuttroubledfamily HerfatherwasElliottRoosevelt theyoungerbrotherofTheodoreRoosevelt 26thpresident afuturepresidentoftheUnitedStates EleanorRooseveltbeganattendingMademoiselleSouvestre sschoolatSouthFields Englandat15 MademoiselleSouvestretaughtasenseofsocialserviceandresponsibility whichEleanorbegantoactuponafterherreturntoNewYork Rooseveltplungedintosocialwork butsoonhertall handsomecousin FranklinDelanoRoosevelt begancourtingher TheyweremarriedinMarch1905 BeginningsofaPublicCareerBetween1906and1916 theRooseveltshadsixchildren oneofwhomdiedininfancy 嬰兒期 幼年 ThefamilylivedattheirestateatHydePark fromwhichFranklinpursuedhispoliticalambitionsintheDemocraticParty HeservedatermintheNewYorkStateSenatebeforePresidentWoodrowWilsonappointedhimassistantsecretaryoftheNavyin1913 AmajorturningpointinEleanor slifecamein1921 whenFranklincontractedpolioandpermanentlylosttheuseofhislegs Eleanornursedhimbackintoactivity Withinafewyearshehadregainedhisstrengthandpoliticalambitions Meanwhile sheenteredmorefullyintopubliclife SheactedasFranklins legsandears DuringFranklin sNewYorkgovernorship shesawthelastofherchildrenofftoboardingschoolandkeptbusyinspectingstatehospitals homes andprisonsforherhusband APresident sWifeRoosevelt selectiontothepresidencyin1932meant asEleanorlaterwrote theendofanypersonallifeofmyown Shequicklybecamethebestknown andalsothemostcriticized FirstLadyinAmericanhistory Sheundertookasyndicatednewspapercolumnandaseriesofradiobroadcasts andshetraveledbackandforthacrossthecountryonfactfindingtripsforFranklin SheassumedthespecialroleofadvocateforAmericansthatsocialprogramsduringtheDepressiontendedtoneglectandsecuredequalopportunitiesforwomenundertheNewDeal sworkreliefprojects WorldFigureAstheUnitedStatesmovedtowardwarinthelate1930s EleanorRooseveltspokeoutforcefullyinfavoroftheadministration spolicyofaidingantifascist 反對(duì)法西斯主義的 governments OncetheUnitedStatesformallyenteredthewar shemadenumeroustripstoEngland Europe andthePacificareatoboosttroopmorale 士氣 斗志 andtoinspectRedCrossfacilities AfterRoosevelt sdeathinApril1945 Eleanorwasexpectedtoretiretoaquiet uneventfulprivatelife Yet bytheendoftheyear however shewasbackinpubliclifeandcontinuedtoworkforinternationalunderstandingandcooperationasarepresentativeoftheAmericanAssociationfortheUnitedNations Duringthelastdecadeofherlife EleanorRoosevelttraveledtonumerousforeigncountries includingtwotripstotheSovietUnion andauthoredseveralbooks ShediedinNewYorkCityonNov 6 1962 Editedfrom 2 EleanorRoosevelt sQuotes1 Absencemakestheheartgrowfonder 2 Friendshipwithone sselfisallimportant becausewithoutitonecannotbefriendswithanyoneelseintheworld 3 Greatmindsdiscussideas averagemindsdiscussevents smallmindsdiscusspeople 4 Happinessisnotagoal itisaby product 5 Ibelievethatanyonecanconquerfearbydoingthethingshefearstodo providedhekeepsdoingthemuntilhegetsarecordofsuccessfulexperiencebehindhim 6 Ithinkthatsomehow welearnwhowereallyareandthenlivewiththatdecision 7 Iflifewerepredictableitwouldceasetobelife andbewithoutflavor 8 I msogladIneverfeelimportant itdoescomplicatelife 9 Inthelongrun weshapeourlives andweshapeourselves Theprocessneverendsuntilwedie Andthechoiceswemakeareultimatelyourownresponsibility 10 Itisbettertolightacandlethancursethedarkness 11 Itisnotfairtoaskofotherswhatyouarenotwillingtodoyourself 12 Lifemustbelivedandcuriositykeptalive Onemustnever forwhateverreason turnhisbackonlife 13 Myexperiencehasbeenthatworkisalmostthebestwaytopulloneselfoutofthedepths 14 Neverallowapersontotellyounowhodoesn thavethepowertosayyes 15 Noonecanmakeyoufeelinferiorwithoutyourconsent 16 Thefuturebelongstothosewhobelieveinthebeautyoftheirdreams 17 Understandingisatwo waystreet 18 Whenlifeistooeasyforus wemustbewareorwemaynotbereadytomeettheblowswhichsoonerorlatercometoeveryone richorpoor 19 Womenareliketeabags Wedon tknowourtruestrengthuntilweareinhotwater 20 Youcanneverreallyliveanyoneelse slife notevenyourchild s Theinfluenceyouexertisthroughyourownlife andwhatyou vebecomeyourself Source 3 Tchaikovsky sTheNutcracker TheNutcrackerandtheKingofMice Thestorybehindtheballet TheNutcrackerBalletisbasedonthestory TheNutcrackerandtheKingofMice writtenbyE T A Hoffman Althoughwhatisseenonthestagetodayisdifferentindetailfromtheoriginalstory thebasicplotremainsthesame ItisthestoryofayoungGermangirlwhodreamsofaNutcrackerPrinceandafiercebattleagainstaMouseKingwithsevenheads WhenMariusPetipahadtheideatochoreograph 為 編舞 thestoryintoaballet itwasactuallybasedonarevisionbyAlexanderDumas awellknownFrenchauthor HisversionreflectsmoreofwhatwehavecometoloveastheNutcrackerBallet ThePartySceneItisChristmasEveattheStahlbaumhouse Alargeandgrandhousewiththemostbeautifultreeimaginable TheStahlbaumsarehostingtheirannualChristmasparty welcomingthearrivaloftheirfamilyandfriends Thechildren ClaraandFritz aredancingandplayingastheywelcometheirfriendstoo ThepartygrowsfestivewithmusicanddanceasgodfatherDrosselmeyerarrives Heisaskilledclockandtoymakerandalwaysfullofsurprises Drosselmeyerdrawseveryone sattentionashepresentstwolife sizedolls Theyarethedelightoftheparty eachtakingaturntodance ThechildrenbegintoopengiftswhenDrosselmeyerpresentshistoClaraandFritz AlthoughhisgifttoFritzisquitenice hegivesClaraabeautifulNutcrackerthatbecomesthehitoftheparty Fritzbecomesjealousand havingabitmorespunkthanaboyshouldhave grabsthenutcrackerfromClaraandpromptlybreaksit ClaraisheartbrokenlookingonasDrosselmeyerquicklyrepairstheNutcrackerwithahandkerchiefhemagicallydrawsfromtheair Astheeveninggrowslate theguestsdepartandtheStahlbaumfamilyretiresfortheevening Clara worriedaboutherbelovedNutcracker sneaksbacktothetreetocheckonhim fallingasleepwithhiminherarms TheFightSceneAstheclockstrikesmidnightstrangethingsbegintohappen ClarabeginsshrinkingasherbeautifulChristmastreegrowshighaboveher Thetoysaroundthetreecometolifewhiletheroomfillswithanarmyofmice leadbythefierceMouseKing AstheNutcrackerawakens heleadshisarmyoftoysoldiersintobattlewiththemice TheMouseKingcornerstheNutcrackerandbattleshimone on one TheNutcrackerseemstobenomatchfortheMouseKing TheNutcrackerandhisarmycangoonnolongerandarecapturedbythemiceandtheirKing ClaramakesafinaldaringchargethrowingherslipperattheMouseKing hittinghimsquareonthehead TheMouseKingdropstothefloorandthemicerunaway carryingofftheirleader slifelessbody TheLandofSnowTheNutcrackerturnsintoaPrinceandtakesClaraonajourneytotheLandofSnow anenchantedforestwonderlandwheretheyarewelcomedbydancingsnowflakes TheLandofSweetsThePrinceescortsClaratotheLandofSweetswheretheyaregreetedbytheSugarPlumFairy ThePrincetellsherabouttheirdaringbattlewiththearmyofmiceandsherewardsthemwithacelebrationofdances Asafinale theSugarPlumFairyandtheCavalierdanceabeautifulPasDeDeux TheDreamEndsClaraawakensfromherdreamandfindsherselfbyherChristmastreewithherbelovedNutcracker ABadPrincipalTaughtMeaGoodLessonManaSolavn T 1Shestoodatthefrontoftheroomandfacedusallasifwewereprisoners KeepinmindthatI mtheboss shesaid Youwilldoasyouaretold andifyoudon t I llmakeyourlivemiserable Thiswasmyfirstfacultymeetingoftheyearandthiswomanwasmyprincipal 她站在房間前面 像看囚犯一樣地看著我們 記住 我是這里的老板 她說(shuō) 照我說(shuō)的去做 否則 你們就別想有好日子過(guò) 這就是當(dāng)年我第一次開教師大會(huì)的情景 而這個(gè)女人就是我的校長(zhǎng) 壞校長(zhǎng)給我上了人生深刻的一課 teach givesomebodya good lesson教訓(xùn)某人 Mr SmithstaredatJohn readytoteachhimagoodlesson Thiscaraccidenthastaughthimagoodlesson miserableveryunhappyoruncomfortable痛苦的 不舒適的 Hefeltdepressedandmiserable ShewasmiserableformonthsafterherbreakupwithMike misery痛苦 悲慘 不幸n astateofill beingduetoafflictionormisfortune afeelingofintenseunhappiness Warbreedsmiseryandruin ItbroughtyearsofmiserytoLebanon and ofcourse nopeaceintheendtoIsrael facultyn 1 alltheteachersinaschool collegeoruniversity全體教員 TheUniversityofTorontohasabout55 000studentsand12 000facultyandstaffmembers Thefacultywasamixedethnicgroup astheschoolmainlytaughtforeignlanguages 2 anyofthepowersofthebodyormind官能 能力 Theoldmanhaslosthisfacultiesandcan ttakecareofhimself 3 specialability特殊才能 Thefacultytogiveagreatspeechcanbelearned 2Young vulnerable andreluctanttostandupformyself Iwastheperfectvictim Whileeveryonelaboredunderthetension bymysecondyearitbecameapersonalbattle Shewasouttogetme Herfirsthostileactionwastomoveme withoutcause toadifferentclassroominanoisy high trafficarea WhenItoldherthatparentshadprotestedthatthisenvironmentinterferedwiththechildren slearning shelashedout You restayingexactlywhereyouare andyou dbetterdealwiththeparents becauseIwon t T 年輕 軟弱 不敢堅(jiān)持自己立場(chǎng)的我就成了絕佳的犧牲品 盡管大家都戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢地在工作 但到了第二年 這種局面就變成了一場(chǎng)私人恩怨的戰(zhàn)斗 她專門找我的麻煩 她的敵意首先表現(xiàn)在課室的安排上 她無(wú)緣無(wú)故地把我的課室換到靠近喧鬧的高速公路旁的教室 當(dāng)我向她轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)家長(zhǎng)的抗議 因?yàn)槟欠N環(huán)境會(huì)影響孩子們的學(xué)習(xí) 她卻生氣地吼叫道 你就給我在那間教室里呆著 家長(zhǎng)的抗議你自己去解決 因?yàn)槲沂遣粫?huì)出面的 standupfor support支持 Healwaysstandsupforwomen srights Tomwouldstandupforwhathethoughtwasrightnomatterwhatthecosttohim victimn someonethatsuffersfromanaccident illnessorbadluck受害人 犧牲者 ThemajorityofthevictimsofthediseasearethechildrenofAfrica Theboy sparents whoareseparated callhimavictimofTVandabrokenhome tensionn astateofnervousness worryortense緊張 不安 Theseincludeincreasesinbodytemperature muscletensionandweakenedeyesight Therealwayshasbeensometensionbetweenthenavyandthecitizenswholiveontheisland be outtodosomething tryorhopetodosomething力圖 一心要 Theywereouttonegotiateforthenewcontract Shewasouttogetthejobofvicepresidentofthecompany hostileshowingstrongdislike veryunfriendly懷敵意的 敵對(duì)的 Inbecomingmorehostiletonations BushisisolatingAmericafromcountriesthatwereoncefriendsandallies Hehasalargemajorityandpublicopinionmaybelesshostilethansomeofhiscriticssuggest hostility h stil ti n 敵意 敵對(duì) 敵視 對(duì)抗 Thishostilitycanleadtoaggressiveactionsor insomecases violence arean aplace區(qū)域 地區(qū)Therearen ttoomanyhousesbeingsoldoverthepastmonthinthisarea UnitedNationspeacekeepingforcesintheareacouldnotstoptheattacks Thisparkprovidesalargeareawhereanimalsliveintheirnaturalenvironment protest1 v expresspubliclystrongdisagreementordisapproval抗議 反對(duì) IraqhascalledforArabstoprotestthisweekendasSecretaryPowellvisitstheMiddleEast 2 n statementoractionshowingone sstrongdisagreementordisapproval抗議 反對(duì) HesentlettersofprotesttoMexicangovernmentofficials interferev preventsomethingfromhappening妨礙 干涉 Theheavyrainsthisspringinterferedwithourplanstoplantthecrops Peopleinthisareaexperiencenoiselevelsatnightthatinterferewiththeirsleep lashout suddenlyspeakangrilyorcriticizesomeoneangrily責(zé)罵 Outoffrustration 失望 themanagerlashedoutathisemployees Iwrotealettertothepresidentofthecompany andlashedoutoverwhathadhappened Laterduringtheirafternoonbreak theemployeeslashedoutoverwhatthemanagerhadsaid dealwithhandletheproblemortask處理 交涉Youscrewedupandyouhavetodealwithityourself Everyonemustdealwiththeirownproblemsandresponsibilities 3Shewouldyellatmeinfrontofmycolleagues Can tyoudothingsright You restillababywearingdiapers Comedownfromtheclouds You retoomuchofadreamer Shenevermissedanopportunitytohumiliateme 她還會(huì)當(dāng)著其他同事的面沖我大喊大叫 你怎么老做錯(cuò)呢 你還是個(gè)系尿布的娃娃 別想入非非 你真是個(gè)了不起的夢(mèng)想家 總之一有機(jī)會(huì) 她都會(huì)百般地羞辱我 T yellatshoutorsaysomethingveryloudlyto對(duì) 叫喊 Whydoyouyellatmewhenmistakesweremadebyyoutoo Yellingatpeoplewillusuallymakemattersworse notbetter Itisnotconsideredpolitetoyellatpeopletogettheirattention infrontofinthepresenceof inapositionfurtherforward當(dāng)某人的面 在 前面Thebusstopisinfrontofthesupermarket Shegaveherlectureinfrontofacrowdofnearly500people Manypeopleworrywhentheymustgiveaspeechinfrontofalargeaudience Can tyoudothingsright 你怎么老做錯(cuò)呢 can tyou whycan tyou 你難道不能 用來(lái)表示 責(zé)備 批評(píng) 例如 1 Can tyoucallmeifyouknowyouaregoingtobelate 2 Whycan tyoubemorecarefulinexams Comedownfromtheclouds 別想入非非了 Stopyourdreaming Or Getbackdowntoearth reality You retoomuchofadreamer 你真是個(gè)太了不起的夢(mèng)想家 本句為反語(yǔ) 是校長(zhǎng)對(duì)作者的諷刺 muchofa意為 稱得上 的 agood notmuchofa意為 不太好的 notagood 例如 1 Heisnotmuchofafootballplayer 2 Anythinginexcesscouldbetoomuchofagoodthing 3 Thenewcompetitorswerenotmuchofamatchforthechampion 4Afterthreeyearsofworkinginthisenvironment myhealthbecameaffected Iexperiencedbadheadachesandgrewincreasinglydepressed 三年如一日地在這種環(huán)境下工作 我身心受到了傷害 我老是頭痛 人也變得越來(lái)越壓抑 T depressedn verysadandwithouthope沮喪的 抑郁的 Thechildrenofdepressedwomendidpoorlyontestsoflanguageskillsandunderstandingwhattheyheard Thelastgroupincludedwomenwhowerenotdepressedandhadnotsufferedphysicalorsexualabuse depression di pre n n 沮喪 不景氣 憂愁 Depressionaffectstheentirebody notjustthemind HerecalledtheeffectoftheGreatDepressioninBoston 5ThenIfoundarayofhope I dreadthesewordsbyformerfirstladyEleanorRoosevelt You renobody svictimwithoutyourpermission IknewthatIhadtotakecontrolofmylifeandstopblamingmyprincipal Icouldn tcontrolherbehavior butIcouldcontrolmyreactionstoit 后來(lái)我終于發(fā)現(xiàn)了希望的曙光 我讀到前第一夫人羅斯福 埃莉諾說(shuō)過(guò)的一句話 沒(méi)有你的允許 誰(shuí)也不能傷害你 我明白了我必須掌握自己的命運(yùn) 停止埋怨校長(zhǎng) 我雖然控制不了她的行為 但是我可以控制自己的應(yīng)對(duì)方法 T arayofhopeasmallamountofhope一絲希望 Despitehavingaterriblesemester hefoundarayofhopeaftertalkingtohisteachers Oncethecompanyhiredher wehadarayofhopethatthingswouldimprove Somepeoplefindarayofhopeinsomeofthesimplestthings permissionn theactofallowingsomebodytodosomething許可 允許 Iftimepermits Iwillvisitmyformerteachers Peoplewouldneedlegalpermissiontoownhandguns Thegovernmentwouldrefusepermissiontoenteriftheywerecriminals 構(gòu)詞 permitv 允許 使有可能 You renobody svictimwithoutyourpermission Ifpeoplecontrolyou it syourownfault 沒(méi)有你的允許 誰(shuí)也不能傷害你 takecontrolofhavethepowertodecide克制 控制 Stopbeingsuchacrybabyandtakecontrolofyourself Ifyoudonottakecontrolofyourlife someoneelsemight reactiontothewayyoufeelorbehaveasaresultofsomethingthathashappened對(duì) 反應(yīng) Therehasbeenanimmediatereactionagainsttheirgovernmenttaxincreases Thereactiontothenewstonightdidnotsurpriseme Thereactionstohisideaswerefavorable 6Idecidedtoattendaseminarthatemphasizedeffectivecommunicationstrategies ThereIlearnedthatbulliesareusuallycowardswhoactupontheirfearsandinsecurities Ialsolearnednon confrontationalphrasestouseinconversation suchasstartingastatementwith Inmyopinion 我決定參加一個(gè)強(qiáng)化如何進(jìn)行有效交流的研討會(huì) 那次研討會(huì)使我明白 其實(shí)那些欺凌弱小的人往往都是懦弱的人 他們的舉止行為是出于恐懼和缺乏安全感 我還學(xué)會(huì)了如何運(yùn)用非對(duì)抗性語(yǔ)言與人交談 譬如在陳述觀點(diǎn)前 先說(shuō) 依我看來(lái) T statementn somethingyousayorwritetoletpeopleknowyourintentionsoropinions陳述 聲明 Thefinalstatementlistedtwentypoints An apology isastatementexpressingregretoraskingpardonforafaultoroffense 7IplannedaheadwhenIknewIwouldhavetospeakone on onewiththeprincipal First Iwouldjudgehermoodthatday andifIfoundherunapproachable Iwouldwriteheranoterequestingameeting AndImusteredmycourageandcontactedmyunionrepresentativeforadvice 當(dāng)知道我必須和校長(zhǎng)單獨(dú)談話時(shí) 我預(yù)先做好準(zhǔn)備工作 首先 我會(huì)揣摩她當(dāng)天的情緒 當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)她難以接近 我就寫張字條要求和她面談 然后我鼓足勇氣與工會(huì)代表聯(lián)系 征求他們的忠告 T IplannedaheadwhenIknewIwouldhavetospeakone on onewiththeprincipal 當(dāng)我知道我必須和校長(zhǎng)單獨(dú)談話時(shí) 我預(yù)先做好準(zhǔn)備工作 speakone on one speakface to face or speakalonewiththatperson judge1 v formanopinionaboutsomethingorsomebody審判 評(píng)判 ThejudgedeterminedthatJohnwasguilty Thelocalcourtdidnothavethepowertojudgethecase Manyvotersjudgeacandidate sabilitybythewayhemakesapublicspeech 2 n personwhodecidescasesinalawcourtorwhowinsinacompetition審判官 法官 裁判員 ThejudgegavethefirstpricetoJohn spainting musterone scouragebringtogetherone scourage鼓足勇氣 Youmustmusteryourcourageifyouplanongoingintobusinessforyourself Hehadtomusterhiscouragebeforehewenttotalktotheprettygirl representativen someonewhohasbeenchosentospeak vote etc forsomeoneelse代表 代理人 MichaelVlassoffistherepresentativefortheUNPopulationFundinIndia HeservedsixtermsasarepresentativeinCongressfromthestateofWyoming 8Sherecommendedmetodocumenteverythingmybosssaidanddidtome Ifsheaskedtomeetwithme Ishouldinsistonhavingathirdpartypresent Inaddition therepresentativeprovidedmewithaguidebooklistingmylegalrights 工會(huì)代表建議我在與老板交涉時(shí) 記錄好她的一言一行 如果她要見(jiàn)我 我應(yīng)堅(jiān)持要有第三者在場(chǎng) 另外 工會(huì)代表還給了我一本員工權(quán)力指導(dǎo)手冊(cè) T document1 v proveorsupportwithpaper form book etc 記載 Butseveralcompromiseshadtobereachedbeforemajorindustrialnationswouldagreetothedocument Thepolicedocumentedtheircasewithaccountsoftheaccidentsbypeoplewhosawit Forathesis thestudentmustlearntodocumenttheirsourcesofinformation 2 n paper form book etc givinginformation evidenceofsomething文件 公文 Thefinalpartofthedocumentdealswithhowtocarryouttheagreement insistondemand keepdoingsomething堅(jiān)持 Ifyou reasupervisor youmustinsistonyouremployeestodotheirjob Herparentsinsistedonherbeinghomebefore10o clock additionn 1 somethingaddedtowhatyoualreadyhave增加的人或物 Annwillbeaveryusefuladditiontoourteam Althoughmystockportfolioisdiversifiedprettywell Ithoughttheadditionofforeigninvestmentswouldbeagoodidea 2 theprocessofaddingsomethingtosomethingelse加 加法 Childrenlearnadditionandsubtractioninelementaryschool 詞組 inadditionasanextrapersonorthing加之 除 之外 Inaddition theinsectcarriesdiseasesthatcanharmfruitsandotherplants Inaddition expertssaytheplanmustbecombinedwitheffortstoteachpeoplehowtousethedrugs 9Mymostsuccessfulstrategywastosubstitutepositive self supportivethoughtsfornegativeones suchas Problemscanbeseenaschallengesasopposedtosetbacks and Somewherein