化學(xué)專業(yè)英語_化學(xué)專業(yè)英語課_期末考試試卷含答案.doc

化學(xué)專業(yè)英語試卷學(xué)號(hào)： 姓名： 成績(jī):一：把下列單詞或詞組譯成英文（本題共 30 分，每小題 1 分） 1. Ni(ClO4)2 nickel perchlorate3. FeCl2 iron(2)chloride5. Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate7. MnO2 manganese dioxide9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide11. NaClO sodium hypochloride13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide15. KMnO4 patassium permangate17. 鹽酸hydrochloric acid19. KCN patassium cyanide21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷 5-methyl-4-propylnonaane23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride25. 中和neutralize27. 比熱容specific heat capacity29. 酸酐anhytride2. CuSO4 copper sulfate4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate6. Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate8. H2SO410. 六氰合鐵（）酸鉀12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite14. 草酸鉛 lead cyanate16. Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide18. 磷酸根 phosphate20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷 2,3-dimethylpentane22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloctane24. 石蕊試紙litmus paper26. 滴定titration28. 非電解質(zhì)electrolyte30. 配位化合物complex compound三. 把下列短文譯成漢語（本題共 40 分，每小題 10 分） 1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldnt be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.沒有化學(xué)反應(yīng)我們的生活將會(huì)大變樣,化學(xué)就在我們周圍。沒有化學(xué)生活會(huì)是什么樣子沒有塑料,家里沒有電,也沒有防護(hù)漆。不會(huì)給我們合成纖維,沒有化肥幫助我們生產(chǎn)足夠的食物。我們不能旅行,因?yàn)椴粫?huì)有金屬、橡膠或燃料汽車、船只和飛機(jī)。我們的生活將會(huì)大大改變了沒有電話、收音機(jī)、電視或電腦,所有這些依賴化學(xué)生產(chǎn)的部分。沒有藥物來抵抗疾病，預(yù)期壽命將低得多。2 The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out. 探討熱力學(xué)第一和第二定律和熵的意義.和擴(kuò)展在這個(gè)知識(shí)。也就是說它將表明能源在宏觀上的轉(zhuǎn)換,根據(jù)一組邏輯原則可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子內(nèi)的轉(zhuǎn)換。因此熱力學(xué)定理提供了一個(gè)物質(zhì)體積變化的模型。這樣一個(gè)模型的能力在于它不依賴于原子或分子結(jié)構(gòu)。此外,給定進(jìn)程的結(jié)論依托于這種模式，不需要的詳細(xì)說明過程是如何進(jìn)行的3Preparation of Cu(en)2(cda)H2O: H2cda （4-羥基-2,6 吡啶二酸）(0.020 g, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in water (10 mL) and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 78 with aqueous NaOH solution (0.1 molL-1), then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution (10mL) of Cu(ClO4)26H2O (0.037g, 0.1mmol) and ethylenediamine (0.2 mmol) under stirring at room temperature. After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature. 制備CU(en)2(cda)H2O:使0.020克,0.1mmol的4 -羥基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入0.1M氫氧化鈉水溶液調(diào)整到pH值7 8,然后將它一滴一滴地添加到Cu(ClO4)26H2O(0.037g,0.037mmol)的乙醇溶液和乙二胺(0.2mmol)，在室溫下攪拌。在室溫下，緩慢蒸發(fā)濾液，得到深藍(lán)色晶體，用x射線分析它的結(jié)構(gòu)4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic