英語(yǔ)中各種詞的用法.doc

英語(yǔ)中各種詞的用法介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作主語(yǔ), 狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如: Most of the students went to the classroom. 大部分學(xué)生去了教室。 We play basketball on the sports ground. 我們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上打藍(lán)球。 介詞常與動(dòng)詞,形容詞,名詞一起構(gòu)成固定搭配。 belong to 屬于 rely on 依靠 talk to 同.談話 be afraid of 害怕 be strict with對(duì).嚴(yán)格 介詞一般放在名詞之前。但它后面的介詞賓語(yǔ)是疑問代詞,疑問副詞或者關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。 Where do you come from? 你是哪兒人? Who are you talking to? 你在跟誰談話呢? What do you study for? 你為了什么而學(xué)習(xí)? 介詞在英語(yǔ)詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復(fù)雜。以下是一個(gè)例子: about 關(guān)于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身. I have bought a book about Shakespearean. 我買了一本有關(guān)莎士比亞的書。 1. WITH(1)v+with(a) v+withbegin, mix, agree, deal, fight, meet, play, quarrel, do, fool, reason, correspond, comply, settle.(b) v + sth (sb) + with + sth (sb)compare, provide, supply, feed, replace, combine, equip, furnish,(2)adj+withangry, strict, pleased, busy, covered, satisfied, filled, wrong, wild, crowded, connected, popular, covered, patient, annoyed, acquainted, delighted, confronted, content, friendly, identical, frank, concerned, bored, afflicted, associated, blended, burdened, comparable, consistent, disappointed, displeased, endowed, enraged, exhausted, familiar, gifted, impatient, infested, intimate, irritated, level, moved, occupied, overcome, popular, satisfied, vexed(3) n+withacquaintance, alliance, trouble, talk, chat, connection, consultation, conversation, sympathy,2. AT(1)v+ataim, point, snatch, wonder, strike, work, look, glance, laugh, run, catch, shoot, stare, glare, thrust, smile, call, fire, tear, knock, winder, arrive, come, gasp(2)adj+atamused, delighted, angry, good, surprised, astonished, pleased, terrified, clever, alarmed, astonished, clumsy, disgusted, impatient, quick, startled, surprised(3)n+atknock, pull, look, glance, smile, game, astonishment, surprise, alarm,3. IN(1)v+inget, lie, turn, draw, believe, share, take, drop, give, call, hand, succeed, bring, result, trade, involve, check, count, cut, indulge, pour, participate, intervene, fill,join, confide, trust, believe, persist, consist,(b) V+sb(sth)+inhelp, spend(2)adj+inrich, interested, active, disappointed, engaged, busy, weak, expert, successful, absorbed, skilled, concerned, experienced, confident, employed, accurate, clothed, diligent, negligent, proficient, prompt, versed,(3)n+ininterest, progress, satisfaction, faith, belief, confidence, response, pride, perseverance, harm, difficulty,pleasure, confidence, delight,4. FROM(1)V+from(a) V + fromlearn, die, come, suffer, hear, fall, rise, hang, escape, date, depart, result, descend, refrain, abstain, differ, distinguish, derive, expel, conceal, judge(b) V + sth ( sb) +from + sth ( sb or a place)borrow, protect, receive, separate, keep, stop, prevent,deter, choose, remove, save, dissuade, excuse, restrain(2)adj+fromdifferent, far, tired, made, separate, absent, distinct, hidden, made,(3)n+fromletter, visitor,absence, difference, protection, relief, rescue,5. OF(1)V+of(a) V+ofconsist, dream, hear, tell, think, know, talk, die, speak(b) V+sb+of+sthrob, warn, inform, remind, accuse, cheat, convince, relieve, deprive,(c) V+sth+of+sbask, beg, demand, require,(2)adj+ofaware, careful, free, short, sure, certain, worthy, afraid, hopeful, proud, full, tired, made, capable, impatient, considerate, characteristic, guilty, capable, composed, jealous, ashamed, envious, ignorant, apprehensive, bare, cautious, clear, composed, conscious, descriptive, exclusive, forgetful, fond, hard, incapable, informed, innocent, made, mindful, neglectful,observant, possessed, productive, regardless, rid, sensible, sick, susceptible, weary(3) n+ofquality, number, sample, choice, impression, neglect, attack, care, consideration, pleasure, doubt, way equivalence, possibility, example,6. ON(1)v+on(a) v+onact, lean, live, work, depend, look, wait, turn, switch, pull, have, keep, call, put, push, speak, insist, push, collaborate, count, frown, reckon, speculate, figure, carry,(b) V+sb(sth)+ON+sb(sth)congratulate, spend, base, fix(2)adj+onhard, keen, dependent, based, impressed,(3)n+onbook, discussion, lecture, advice, opinion, impression, attack, dependence, judgment, pity, mercy, authority7. TO(1)v+to(a) v+tolisten, stick, refer, turn, point, reply, occur, attend, see, lead, happen, come, get, write, hold, agree, belong, adapt, attribute, object, subscribe, adjust, accede, yield, resort, relate, respond, testify, succumb,(b) v+to+sbannounce, describe, explain, express, mention, report, say, shout, suggest, whisper, speak, talk, nod,(c) v+sth(sb)+sth(sb)devote, compare, add, introduce, invite, leave, join, reduce, sentence, carry, take,(2)adj+toequal, opposed, true, familiar, close, near, kind, harmful, polite, rude, similar, useful, married, known, used, good, dedicated, fair, essential, parallel, related, sensible, relevant, possible, indifferent, devoted, comparable, necessary, contrary, suitable, strange, close, alike, opposite, familiar, inferior, superior, proportionate, accessory, accustomed, adapted, addicted, adequate, adjacent, afflicted, akin, alive, amenable, applicable, attentive, awake, blind, common, conductive, congenial, contiguous, contrary, corresponding, deaf, derogatory, disagreeable, displeasing, distasteful, exposed, false, fatal, grateful, hostile, important, indifferent, loyal, moved, obedient, odious, opposite, painful, partial, peculiar, pleasant, precious, preferable, precious, prior, profitable, prone, proper, relative, relevant, sacred, strange, subsequent, susceptible, thankful, troublesome,(3)n+tokey, answer, visitor, end, way, solution, traitor, attention, exception, gratitude, approach8. FOR(1)v+for(a)v+foraccount, beg, hope, send, look, ask, long, pay, wish, wait, leave, fight, plan, prepare, care, stand, search, answer, run, call, bargain, inquire, press, apply, provide, apologize,grieve(b)v+sb+for+sthask, blame, forgive, pardon, pay, praise, punish, reward, thank, excuse,(2)adj+foreager, bad, good, famous, fit, suitable, ready, sorry, grateful, useful, late, responsible, proper, crucial, competent, eligible, noted, renowned, appropriate, notorious, convenient, possible, profitable, liable, necessary,anxious, bound, eligible, impatient, liable, sufficient, uncared, unfit, zealous,(3)n+forplan, need, reason, explanation, ability, affection, excuse, ambition, anxiety, reputation, consideration, necessity, talent, sympathy, cause, pretext, qualification9. ABOUT(1)v+aboutquarrel, agree, consult, complain, speak, bring, think, set, care, fumble, fuss, leave, move, lie, hear,speculate, inquire,(2)adj+abouthappy, anxious, nervous, cautious, careful, certain, excited, particular, pleased, concerned, enthusiastic,uneasy, troubled (3)n+onconcern, anxiety, opinion, question.副詞的用法 He studies hard. 他用功讀書。 His mother is very glad. 他母親很高興。 （1）.作狀語(yǔ) He works hard.（副詞修飾動(dòng)詞） 他努力工作。 You are quite right.（修飾形容詞） 你相當(dāng)正確。 He parked the car very easily.（修飾副詞） 他很容易地把汽車停放好了。 Unfortunately he was out.（修飾整個(gè)句子） 很不巧，他出去了。 （2）.作定語(yǔ) 有時(shí)少數(shù)地點(diǎn)副詞和時(shí)間副詞可以作定語(yǔ)，放在所修飾詞的后邊。 注意 副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)和介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)一樣，一律后置。 （3）.作表語(yǔ) 作表語(yǔ)的副詞多數(shù)是表示位置的，如in, out，on，back, down，up，off，away，upstairs. He is in. 他在家。 Whats on this evening？ 今晚演什么節(jié)目? I must be off now. 我現(xiàn)在必須走了。 （4）.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) Let them in. 讓他們進(jìn)來。 We saw her off two days ago. 兩天前我們?yōu)樗托小?副詞的位置 （1）.地點(diǎn)副詞、時(shí)間副詞和方式副詞一般放在句末 注意 地點(diǎn)副詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置，不屬于這種情況。參見P.72的例句。 Ill wait for you here.（地點(diǎn)副詞） 我將在這兒等你。 Ill meet him at the station tomorrow.（時(shí)間副詞） 明天我將去車站接他。 Tomorrow Ill meet him at the station. 注意 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，也可把時(shí)間副詞放在句首。 The boy wrote the homework quickly. （方式副詞） 這個(gè)男孩子寫作業(yè)很快。 They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.方式 地點(diǎn)時(shí)間 昨天他們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室認(rèn)真地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。 The students all worked well here last week 這些學(xué)生上周在這里都做得很好。 （2）.頻度副詞在句中位置有以下兩種 a.在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后。 She is always kind to us（be動(dòng)詞） 她對(duì)我們總是很好。 I can never forget the day.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞） 我永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘掉這一天。 The work has never been done. 英文中數(shù)字的寫法和漢語(yǔ)有所不同，想必大家都已經(jīng)了解。但日常生活中難免還會(huì)連詞是指把詞、詞組、分句和句子甚至段落連接起來的起連接作用的詞或詞組。連詞的種類很多，主要有以下幾類： 一、并列連詞 1、表示對(duì)等關(guān)系的并列連詞。使用該類并列連詞時(shí)必須保持結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)等，詞性統(tǒng)一，在句子中要使用對(duì)等成分，不可失之偏頗。常用的該類連詞有：and，eitheror，neithernor，as well as，bothand，not onlybut also。如： This is an old clock that is not only very handsome but also accurate 2、表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞。常用的該類連詞有：or，or else，otherwise，rather than，eitheror。如： You should get the license right away，or youll have to pay a fine 3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折和對(duì)比關(guān)系的并列連詞。常用的該類連詞有：but，while，whereas，yet，however，nevertheless，on the other hand，on the contrary。如： She is a funny girl，yet you cant help liking her 4、表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞。常用的該類連詞有：so，for，therefore，hence，thus，consequently，accordingly。如： It was raining heavily，so the sports meeting was postponed 二、從屬連詞 1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞。該類連詞除一些常用的外，還包括：as soon as，the moment（一就），the minute，the instant，once， immediately（一就），no soonerthan （一就），hardlywhen（剛就）。 如： He told me the news immediately he got it 2、引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞。該類連詞有兩個(gè)：where和wherever。如： Where there is a life，there is a hope 3、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞。該類連詞除 if，unless和if only（要是就好了），還有： provided（that），providing（that），supposing（that）， suppose，in case（that），as long as（只要），on condition that。如： If only I had more money，I could buy some new clothes 4、引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞。該類連詞主要有：so that，that，in order