新概念英語(yǔ)_第2冊(cè)_第4課_Lesson_4__ppt課件

.,Lesson4,Travel,Anexcitingtrip,.,Haveyoueverbeenabroad?,HaveyouheardofAustralia?,WhatdidyouknowaboutAustralia?,.,Austalia,.,I.Keywordsexciting,receive,firm,differentII.KeystructuresThepresentperfectsimple現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),keypoints,.,Newwordsandexpressions,.,excitingadj.令人興奮的receivev.接受，收到firmn.商行，公司differentadj.不同的centren.中心abroadadv.在國(guó)外,【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語(yǔ),.,Languagepoints,1.Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother.,收到某人來(lái)信,2.Heisworkingforabigfirm.,getaletterfromsb.havealetterfromsb.hearfromsb.,在上班、任職,還可以用workat/in,e.g.Myfatherworksforabusinesscompany.,.,3.hehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.,anumberof+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，number前一般可用large,great,small等形容詞強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量大小。,.,Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.,abroadadv.在國(guó)外（副詞,直接和動(dòng)詞連用）goabroad去國(guó)外liveabroad國(guó)外定居,exciting,adj.令人興奮的,excited感到興奮的,-ed自己感到interested,bored,relaxed-ing令人感到interesting,boring,relaxing,.,Languagepoints,4.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings.,Hehasgonetothesouth.(還在)Hehasbeentothesouth.(去過(guò)),5.Heisfindingthistripveryexciting.,find+n+adj.覺得怎么樣,e.g.Ifindthefilmboring.Doyoufindthebookveryinteresting?,.,Listenandfollow,.,1.HowlonghasTimbeeninAustralia?,Listenandanswerthequestion.,TimhasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.,2.WhatdoeshedoinAustralia?,Heisworkingforabigfirmasanengineer.,3.WhyisTimfindingthetripexciting?,BecauseTimhasneverbeenabroadbefore.Thisishisfirsttripabroad.,.,Summarywriting,Answerthesequestionsinnotmorethan50words.,Whathasthewriterjustreceivedfromhisbrother?2.IsTimanengineer,orisheadoctor?3.HowlonghashebeeninAustralia?4.Hashealreadyvisitedmanyplacesornot?5.Whereishenow?6.HasTimeverbeenabroadbeforeornot?7.Isheenjoyinghistripverymuchornot?,.,Summarywriting,Thewriterhasjustreceivedaletterfromhisbrother,Tim.Timisanengineer.HehasbeeninAustraliaforsixmonths.Hehasalreadyvisitedmanyplaces.NowheisinAliceSprings.Timhasneverbeenabroadbefore.Heisenjoyinghistripverymuch.,.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),Winterhasalreadycome.,Grammar,.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式,havedonehas,助動(dòng)詞,過(guò)去分詞,Grammar,.,用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。Theyhaveleft.-他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里Ihavehadmylunch.-我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義,也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001.-從2001年開始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢,.,sumup,一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),1)構(gòu)成,肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞+其它,否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/hasnot+過(guò)去分詞+其它,疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞+其它,HehasbeentoAustralia.,HehasnotbeentoAustralia.,HashebeentoAustralia?,.,now,past,future,一般過(guò)去時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,Grammar,.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較,1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。,Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）,.,參考譯文我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來(lái)信，他正在澳大利亞。他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個(gè)月了。蒂姆是個(gè)工程師，正在為一家大公司工作，并且已經(jīng)去過(guò)澳大利亞的不少地方了。他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車，現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久還將到達(dá)爾文去，從那里，他再飛往珀斯。我弟弟以前從未出過(guò)國(guó)，因此，他覺得這次旅行非常激動(dòng)人心。,.,Thankyou!,.,.,2一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday,lastweek，ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,-具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,-模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)錯(cuò)Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.對(duì)Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.,Grammar,.,3現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。,ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)),Grammar,.,延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。,比較延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞,Hehasfinishedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。(表結(jié)果)Iveknownhimsincethen.我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷),Grammar,.,since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間“自從”for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度“長(zhǎng)達(dá)”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.,比較since和for,并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。),Grammar,.,HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。,HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過(guò)上海。,比較have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,Grammar,.,Hedied10yearsago.-He_for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.-He_thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.-He_themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.-He_heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.-Thelight_for2hours.6.Helefthere2yearsago.-He_fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.-Thefilm_for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.-Thedoor_foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.-He_a_forayear.-He_thearmyforayear.-It_ayear_hejoinedthearmy.,延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化,Exercise,.,sumup,2)用法,1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與表示時(shí)間的副詞連用，如yet,just,before,recently,ever,never等。,e.g.Wehavejustwonthematch.IhaveneverbeentoAustraliabefore.,一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),.,sumup,2)用法,1.表示從過(guò)去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀態(tài)連用，如sofar,uptillnow,since,foralongtime,inthepastfewyears,thosedays等。,e.g.Sofar,hehasbrokentwoworldrecords.Ihaveworkedherefor