完型填空技巧_定位法.doc

一、整體把握是策略這一點(diǎn)上，我對(duì)李的觀點(diǎn)（句子成段挖，整體難聯(lián)系，故無須通讀）持反對(duì)態(tài)度；理由：1、 即使是一個(gè)孤零零的句子，也有它的中心意思吧；2、 沒有對(duì)段落中心意思的把握，不可能理順上下段句關(guān)系；3、 即使你有幸敏感而又僥幸的抓住了關(guān)鍵詞，但你終究還得回到分析段意的思路上去驗(yàn)證完成，至少在考場上我是無法保證自已一直處于敏感狀態(tài)的！同樣，在整體把握上，我也對(duì)王的方法（通讀給出段，發(fā)現(xiàn)并找出中心詞句，再歸納成略語寫在題目邊上）持保留意見；理由：1、 完全依賴語感去把握，這一點(diǎn)我很難做到，所以我選擇從段句結(jié)構(gòu)分析入手找中心詞句，至于如何分析，馬上在例題分析中操作給大家參考；2、 提煉王的解題總領(lǐng)，做題時(shí)時(shí)刻要謹(jǐn)記得是段句得五大關(guān)系：時(shí)間關(guān)系、空間關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、從屬關(guān)系如何對(duì)這五個(gè)關(guān)系良好把握，我覺得是解決填空閱讀的核心問題！如果你覺得這樣說太簡單的話，我只能佩服你的語感太牛了；反正，我在做題時(shí)是一老一實(shí)去分析運(yùn)用的；如果你認(rèn)為我在空談，那么請(qǐng)把帖子看完二、關(guān)鍵突破是技巧這方面，李的總結(jié)相當(dāng)全面，王對(duì)此不是太看重，我提煉了一下：1、 常見關(guān)鍵詞技巧有定冠詞的名詞通常不是第一次出現(xiàn)，暗示前面有同義存在；表示部分的介詞短語之前通常會(huì)有集合概念存在；表各種轉(zhuǎn)折、順承、從屬、因果關(guān)系的副詞，其前后的詞有相應(yīng)關(guān)聯(lián)2、 敏感性詞句技巧感覺哪個(gè)詞句比較特殊，比如與上下文沒有任何關(guān)聯(lián)的一個(gè)奇峰突起；因?yàn)楦嗟氖且揽扛杏X，所以我無法總結(jié)，只能和大家一起去體會(huì)。三、雙兩點(diǎn)一線定位法終于輪到我的雙兩點(diǎn)一線定位法了，方法的模式我這段時(shí)間將它提煉的很簡化，如下：第一步、通讀給出段，打住！不是掃描式的速讀，而是已經(jīng)開始正式解題了！每讀一段完整的給出段，從結(jié)構(gòu)上刪去無關(guān)部分，迅速將重點(diǎn)集中到核心句，再集中到核心句的主語，好！關(guān)鍵文路發(fā)現(xiàn)，關(guān)鍵兩點(diǎn)找出！哪兩點(diǎn)??？上一段的一點(diǎn)和下一段的一點(diǎn)啊！PS：你會(huì)說，我找不著咋辦？別急，馬上在例子里具體分析探討第二步、分析兩點(diǎn)關(guān)系，分析是五大關(guān)系中的哪個(gè)？好，關(guān)系找到！一線完成！第三步、通過上下點(diǎn)及其一線的關(guān)系，在給出段或選項(xiàng)中思考突破點(diǎn)（突破點(diǎn)在那兒??？待會(huì)兒實(shí)例說明，現(xiàn)在是我的總結(jié)嘛?。?，找到突破點(diǎn)后，通過尋找突破點(diǎn)的關(guān)聯(lián)點(diǎn)，第一次選出答案，再結(jié)合一線，第二次確認(rèn)答案！大家想想看，這樣我們選這個(gè)答案至少就有三個(gè)理由了吧？我到目前還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)哪個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)能有兩個(gè)以上的理由讓我選它！PS：你說的咋都廢話??？我說的是思路，思路只是優(yōu)化的解題模式，具體的技巧和操作只是順著思路展開的，思路理順了，搞熟了，一旦發(fā)生意外，也有個(gè)方法上的保障，正所謂：菜刀加板磚雙保險(xiǎn)！還有一個(gè)就是思路確立后，多加訓(xùn)練才能積累更多實(shí)用的技巧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我是這么想的好，下面結(jié)合大綱的例子說一下我的雙兩點(diǎn)一線法的操作：給出段：第一段：Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. 41). _.第二段：Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.第三段：42). _. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.第四段：43). _. There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.第五段：44). _. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.第六段：45). _.第七段：About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.選項(xiàng)：A. The shell fish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.B. Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.C. The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giants, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer is formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.D. The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.E. The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.F. When an animal dies the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.G. Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.操作：第一步、通讀分析，找出要義1、 分析第一段有兩個(gè)句子，第一句是大概交代在人之前，歷存生物的列數(shù)，喀嚓，不靠慮！為啥？因?yàn)橄旅鎭砹藗€(gè)讓步關(guān)系的句子，按照文章段落結(jié)構(gòu)常規(guī)，這樣關(guān)系的句子就有表明段落要義的成分；再分析，大家都知道Although引導(dǎo)的句子只是鋪墊，而重點(diǎn)顯然是others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now，好，that is表明同位結(jié)構(gòu)，喀嚓就剩下others are now extinct，至此為止，得出本給出段要義extinct，也就是那些個(gè)生物都死翹了！2、 分析第二段同樣也是兩個(gè)句子，第一句是個(gè)因果關(guān)系的句子，顯然重點(diǎn)是后半句apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago。重點(diǎn)是build up picture，意思是能給那些死翹的生物展現(xiàn)它們的全貌！第二句是個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)稍繁的簡單句，抓住主語rock，對(duì)照上句一看，上面已提到rock而且還進(jìn)一步說明它能build up picture，顯然這句的重點(diǎn)不在rock，否則這句是廢話！當(dāng)然是分析什么樣的rock拉，一看從句主語the remains are found以及緊跟的從句謂語tells，顯然tells就表明后面的是對(duì)the remains are found的闡述拉，同位意思直接喀嚓！好！那究竟build up picture和the remains are found哪個(gè)是第二段要義？搞不清？好先放著兒，姑且都認(rèn)為是要義！3、 分析第三段還是兩個(gè)句子，第一句是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)是fossils，再看看有關(guān)這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)fossils的兩個(gè)并列句，一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)all of the fossils 一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)most of these（fossils），它們都談到water action的問題，顯然第一句的要義是fossils與water action有關(guān)！第二句一看，得！又是開篇第一句話的翻版，再羅列一次吧拉巴拉的演化，要是這種話是重點(diǎn)，那全文每句話都成重點(diǎn)咯！喀嚓！本段要義fossils與water action有關(guān)！4、 分析第四段爽?。W啦四個(gè)關(guān)系明了的句子，第一句一提crab-like creatures，后面一陣解說到底，得！本段要義crab-like creatures！5、 分析第五段，哈，跟第四段一樣，一眼就逮著四句的相同主語ammonites，不好！這單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)！再一看第二句對(duì)它的長相的表述（3、4句講的是習(xí)性）have a shell composed of many chambers，得！第四段要義講述帶殼兒的生物！6、 分析第七段共三句，每句主語分別是Reptiles、mammals、primitive man（雖非主語但mammals已提到，重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)primitive man），好！這會(huì)兒輪到吧拉巴拉的羅列咯！文章都結(jié)尾了自然要綜述一下，對(duì)照開篇綜述句Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals.（反的說）一看，得！本段要義比75 million years 還早的生物！第二步、分析兩點(diǎn)，找到一線這一步開始，就可以一邊找線，一邊開題拉PS：可能你會(huì)說，為啥第一步你不順帶做題？我想問你有沒有考慮時(shí)間的統(tǒng)籌??？除非你是周伯通左右腦一塊玩轉(zhuǎn)，我是沒那兒本事！1、 分析第一段要點(diǎn)extinct和第二段要點(diǎn)build up picture或the remains are found的關(guān)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)前面總之一個(gè)死，后邊怎么都能活，整個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；掃一眼選項(xiàng)B，爽！Nevertheless！不過還不能確定！分析B項(xiàng)得知它的第二句無論主語fossils還是句意和第二段的第一句有明顯的順承關(guān)系！B的第二句說道從化石可以推斷那些死翹生物的體形、習(xí)性，而第二段第一句緊接著說道從化石中推斷出的信息可以描繪出N多年前那些死翹生物的原貌景象，太順承了，41題選B。2、 分析第二段要點(diǎn)the remains are found（為什么不靠慮build up picture啦？一是剛才貼了上句用過了，而是它和42題隔了一句）和第三段要點(diǎn)water action之間的關(guān)系，發(fā)現(xiàn)前者是講這些個(gè)仍保存的化石能反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的環(huán)境，而后者提到這些個(gè)化石本身受到過水的作用，而且變成化石的那些個(gè)生物也曾經(jīng)生活在水邊；這兩者之間應(yīng)該是時(shí)空關(guān)系，中間那段必然要提到那些個(gè)生物當(dāng)年在當(dāng)時(shí)的與水有關(guān)的環(huán)境下，由生入死，變?yōu)榛倪^程！你會(huì)說，考試的時(shí)候哪來那么多相象力？不會(huì)吧，讀了這么多年E文總該知道敘事文都會(huì)有場景描寫的吧？顯然場景描寫不會(huì)太短，再加上跟water action有關(guān)，卻有D/E/F三項(xiàng)（注：其實(shí)F的內(nèi)容太貼切了，這個(gè)題目本身就比較簡明，但為了更有力度的說明我的這個(gè)由句子分析為主導(dǎo)的雙保險(xiǎn)思路，姑且不考慮太多語感因素）暈！還好這只是第二步！3、 分析第三段要點(diǎn)water action和第四段要點(diǎn)crab-like creatures之間的關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn)，還是有水在里頭！好！先分析D/E/F的后半句（貼近下文嘛）：D大意說最好的例子算是海洋生物的化石了，因?yàn)樗鼈冇謴V又多，可是下文的There were also crab-like creatures怎么理解？既然also了，那上文必然有與crab-like creatures相關(guān)的東東！反觀上文，根本沒提到，那么肯定就藏在43項(xiàng)里！因此D可以肯定的刪除（如果你覺得我這樣分析還沒道理的話，我是想不出什么辦法了，你去看看李和王的解釋吧，一個(gè)運(yùn)氣一個(gè)感覺，我當(dāng)時(shí)有點(diǎn)暈）！分析E項(xiàng)的后半句正好提及類似crab-like creatures的東西，F(xiàn)根本沒沾邊！顯然答案選E項(xiàng)！4、 分析44項(xiàng)，找尋第四段要點(diǎn)crab-like creatures和第五段要點(diǎn)ammonites之間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該可以用并列來描述，對(duì)于并列的東西，我第一反應(yīng)就是思考它們之間的有連詞意味的詞句！當(dāng)然這就很自然的注意到：Of these！那么44項(xiàng)的主語必須是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念！同時(shí)還考慮到44既然是Of那些個(gè)ammoniteshave a shell composed of many chambers，必然是有shell生物的大范疇！顯然只有A項(xiàng)符合！5、 太明顯的時(shí)間關(guān)系了！而且在第一步的6就以分析出，45必然有比75 million years 還早的生物的敘述，只有C符合了！第三步、代入原文，找點(diǎn)確證1、 先看42題，只剩下D/F，到目前為止，文章大意