中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧PPT課件

-,1,中考英語閱讀理解解題技巧,資中一中王桂華,2012年4月,-,2,考點解讀,中學英語教學大綱把培養(yǎng)學生閱讀能力作為一個主要的教學目標，而閱讀理解題是每次中考中分值最大的一類題。,它是通過文字獲取信息以達到對作者的思想、觀點、意圖進行了解、認識和交流的目的。,旨在考查考生的英語運用能力及閱讀理解能力。,-,3,新課標解讀,據(jù)上下文和構詞法推斷、理解生詞的含義,能理解段落中各句子之間的邏輯關系,能預測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和可能的結局,能讀懂常見體裁的閱讀材料,能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息,不借助詞典能讀懂含有3%左右生詞的語言材料。能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息,-,4,命題依據(jù),能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的，運用簡單的閱讀策略快速獲取細節(jié)信息。能把握所讀材料的中心思想和主要事實。能把握所讀材料的主要邏輯線索，事件和空間的順序。能根據(jù)上下文和構詞法推斷、理解詞義。能根據(jù)上下文理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點和意圖。能找出文章中的主題，理解故事的情節(jié)，預測故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展和結局。,-,5,能力要求,預測能力快速閱讀能力整體理解能力快速準確獲取關鍵信息能力把握全文主旨能力,-,6,能力要求,把握段落主旨能力對西方文化的理解能力句子結構和文章結構的理解能力掌握一定的閱讀詞匯量詞語意義的理解能力,-,7,題型特點,直觀性問題常識性問題理解性問題推理性問題,-,8,考點梳理,中考對四篇文章的閱讀理解能力要求閱讀量約100詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速搜索信息。所選文章多為應用文體,如：各種通知、海報、節(jié)目單、時刻表、校園學生活動安排等。閱讀量約200詞左右?？焖匍喿x，整體理解，根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細節(jié)，而且要理解主旨以及推測詞義等。所選文章多為記敘文。如故事、人物、文化等。閱讀量約250-300詞左右。快速閱讀，整體理解，根據(jù)題目要求，不僅要理解細節(jié)、理解主旨以及推測詞義，而且要理解深層含義、作者意圖等。閱讀量約200詞左右。根據(jù)題目要求，快速提取關鍵信息，并要求一定的歸納能力。所選文章多為說明文。如科普短文，使用說明等。,-,9,解題步驟,一、先讀問題，弄清考查要點二、快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌三、細讀原文，捕捉相關信息詞四、重讀原文，仔細斟酌核對答案,-,10,主要題型,理解主旨大意（Tofindoutthemainidea)細節(jié)理解和細節(jié)判斷(Tolookfordetails)猜測詞義(Toguessthemeaning)推理判斷題（Toinferaconclusion),-,11,理解主旨大意,解題技巧：1抓住主題句，鎖定文章主旨2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想3抓住主線和關鍵，歸納文章中心,-,12,主旨題常見的命題形式：,(1)Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?(2)Thispassageismainlyabout.(3)Theauthorspurposeinwritingthistextis.(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?(5)Whatsthetopicofthetext?,-,13,典例：（2011年內江市中考卷）,63、Whatsthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A、Manyparentsdontunderstandkidslanguageintheirblogs.B、Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.C、Manyparentscantunderstandwhytheirkidsdontlikestudying.70、Whatisthepassageabout?A、Repairingoldcomputers.B、Sellingoldcomputers.C、Recyclingoldcomputers.,-,14,細節(jié)理解和細節(jié)判斷,?？碱}型：1、是非題2、例證題3、年代與數(shù)字4、比較5、原因6、事實排序題7、直接信息題8、間接信息題9、綜合信息題,-,15,細節(jié)理解和細節(jié)判斷,解題技巧：(1)細心審題，直接就題找答案。(2)變通理解，間接轉述找答案。(3)多點歸納，綜合事實找答案。,-,16,細節(jié)理解和細節(jié)判斷,細節(jié)題常見的命題形式：WhichofthefollowingisTrue/NotTrue?Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned?AllofthefollowingstatementsaretrueexceptChoosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.用Where,how,who,why,howlong等引導的特殊疑問句要求判斷細節(jié)。,-,17,典例：,65.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Mybrothers,mysistersandIwouldsometimesfightaboutwhichchanneltowatchwhenIwasachild.B.Thesedays,thereisonlyonechannelwitholdmovies,cookingandfishing.C.Peoplehavemanychannelstochoosefromnow.（2010年內江市中考卷）,-,18,猜測詞義題,解題技巧：1、通過因果關系猜測詞義；2、通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關系猜詞；3、通過構詞法猜測詞義；4、通過定義或釋義說明來推測詞義；5、通過描述猜測詞義；6、用知識和生活經(jīng)驗猜測詞義；7、根據(jù)上下文的指代關系進行猜測。,-,19,猜測詞義題,常見命題形式如下：1）、Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans_.2）、Whatdoestheword“”mean_.3）、Theunderlined(劃線的)wordmeans_4）、Theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“”is_inEnglish.5）、Theword“”refersto_,-,20,典例：,69、Inthe2ndparagraph,theclosemeaningoftheunderlinedword“teased”is_inEnglish.（2010年內江中考卷）hitB.criticizedC.laughedat60.WhatstheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedwordfined?A.罰款B.給予C.獎勵（2011年內江中考卷）,-,21,推理判斷題,解題技巧：與原文相同的細節(jié)不能選文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷,-,22,推理判斷題,1、推理深層含義的常見命題形式如下：Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_Thewritersuggestthat_Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_Wemayconcludefromthepassagethat_Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthat_,-,23,典例：,65WecanlearnthelastparagraphthatA.ItseasyformanyteenagerstogiveupbloggingontheInternet.B.ItssafeformanyteenagerstoputtheirpersonalinformationontheInternet.C.ItspopularformanyteenagerstouseblogsontheInternet.（2011年內江市中考卷）,-,24,推理判斷題,2、推理作者意圖、觀點、態(tài)度的常見命題方式如下：ThewriterspurposeinwritingthisstoryisInthewritersopinion,agoodschoolshouldWhatshouldbetherightattitudetowards“”?Thewritersattitudetoward“”is,-,25,例文：,Wespentadayinthecountrypickingwildflowers.Withthecarfullofflowersweweregoinghome.Onourwayback,mywifenoticedacupboardoutsideashop.Itwastallandnarrow.“Buyit.”Mywifesaidatonce,“Wellcarryithomeontheroofrack.Ivealwayswantedonelikethat.”WhatcouldIdo?Tenminuteslater,Iwas$20poorer,andthecupboardwastiedontheroofrack.,-,26,Fromthepassage,wecanseethatinfactthehusband_thecupboard.A、thoughtitwasworthbuyingB、believedtheyneededtobuyC、wasgladtohaveboughtD、wouldrathernotbuy,-,27,Whatsablog?Ablogisapersonalonlinediary(日記).Itscool,itshot,andeveryoneisdoingit.Peopletalkaboutitoften.Soundlikeafashion?Infact,Itsanothertrend(流行趨勢).Andthewordbloggermeansapersonwhowritesdiariesonline.Areyouablogger?Manybloggersareteenagerswholog(進入)ontowebsitestodiscussanythingintheirlives.Manyoftodaysteenagersarenotafraidtoopenlydiscusseverythingintheirlives.Teenagerscomplainabouttheirparentsandhomework.Theysharediaries,post(發(fā)布)songsfromthelatestbandsandshowpicturesoftheirs.Theywritetheirownpoems,saysomethingabouttheirgirlfriendsorboyfriendsandcomplaintoeachotheroroffersupport.Butmostlytheyjustwritedownwhattheydoeveryday.,-,28,However,manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.Parentsseethekidstalkingabouthowtheygotdrunklastweekendandhowtheydontlikestudying.Theyareusingthelanguagethatissurprisingtotheirparents.Besideshearingfromtheirfriends,teenbloggersalsogetmessagesfromstrangers.Mostofthetime,itsoldermenaskingtomeetteenagegirls.Thesestrangemenaredangerousformykids.Theysometimesteachmykidsbadwords.saidCaraCabral,amotheroftwochildren.ManyteenagersandyoungadultsknowitsnotsafetouseblogsontheInternet.Theyknowtheyareputtinginformationaboutthemselvesinaplacewhereitcanbeseenbyanyone.Butteenagersareunwillingtogiveupthesenewcommunicationtoolsthathavebecomeawayoflifeformanyofthem.,-,29,61.Theunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphmeans_.A.thefashionB.theInternetC.theblog62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.Teenagersdonttellabouttheirpersonallifeintheirblogs.B.Teenagersmostlywritedownwhattheydoeverydayintheirblogs.C.Teenagerscomplainabouttheirparentsandhomeworkintheirblogs.,-,30,63.Whatsthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?A.Manyparentsdontunderstandkidslanguageintheirblogs.B.Manyparentsareworriedabouttheseyoungbloggers.C.Manyparentscanunderstandwhytheirkidsdontlikestudying.64.Manyparentsthinkits_fortheirchildrentogetm