中英翻譯--關(guān)于第一個(gè)太陽能并網(wǎng)發(fā)電里程碑的報(bào)告.doc

FirstSolarReachesGrid-ParityMilestone,SaysReportFirstSolarReachesGrid-ParityMilestone,SaysReport。AnanalysisofFirstSolarssystemintheNevadadesertarguesthatsolarcosts。lessthancoal.Renewablesrejoice.FirstSolarhasmadeittogridparity,accordingtoatleastoneanalyst。A12.6-megawattsysteminstalledbyFirstSolar(NSDQ:FSLR)forSempraGenerationshowedthatthesystemcanproduceelectricityatbelowthepriceofconventionalpowerintheUnitedStates,saidMarkBachman,anequityanalystatPacificCrest，inaresearchnoteTuesday.Thesystemcangenerate12.6megawattsofpowerindirectcurrent,whichisthenconvertedtoalternatingcurrenttofeedtheelectricgrid.FirstSolarannounced，theprojectasa10-megawatt(AC)powerplantearlierthisyear.Theplant,locatedintheNevadadesertnearBoulderCity,costs$0.075perkilowatthourtoinstallwithoutanysubsidies,Bachmanwrote.Conventionalpowe，fedintothegridcosts$0.09perkilowatthour。Inourview,theindustryleaderswillbethosecompaniesthatcandeliverelectricityatorbelowgridparitypricingwithouttheaidofsubsidieswhilealsodeliveringsuperiorreturntoshareholders,Bachmansaid.Currently,onlyFirstSolarcanclaimtheseachievements,inourview.Bachmanscostcalculations,ofcourse,areimpactedbyanumberoffactorsandotherswilllikelycometodifferentconclusions.Partofthecalculationreliesonwhatothersareachievinginotherlocationswithdifferentkindsofpanels.Nonetheless,itunderscorestheprogresstheindustryismakingtowardtheimportantmilestone.AndFirstSolarisnttheonlynarrowinginonit.Yesterday,CypressSemiconductorCEOT.J.Rodgerstoldagroupofreportersthatpowerfromcrystallinesiliconsolarpanelswillbecheaperthancoalpowerby2012whentransmissionslines,utilitybureaucracyandotherfactorsareaddedin.Wearezeroinginonparity,Rodgerssaid.WeregoingtomatchPG&E(PacificGasandElectric)by2012.Withinacoupleofyears,thepriceofsolarwillbejustascheap.RodgersinvestedinSunPowerin2000whenithad40employees.HeturnedthesharesovertoCypresslater.SunPowernowsellsbillionsworthofpanelsayear.FirstSolar,basedinTempe,Ariz.,makesthin-filmsolarpanelsusingcadmiumtelluriumasthekeyingredienttoconvertsunlightintoelectricity.Itsoneofahandfulofthin-filmcompaniestobeproducingpanelsinhighvolumesandtheonlyoneturningoutcadtelpanelsinvolume.Mostofthesolarpanelstodayusecrystallinesilicon,whichisabletoconvertmoresunlightthanmaterialsusedbythin-filmmakers.Nextyear,ahandfulofmanufacturerswillstartmakingcopperindiumgalliumselenide(CIGS)solarcells。FirstSolarsclaimtofameforthepastseveralyearshasbeeninitsabilitytochurnoutlargenumbersofpanelsandafairlylowcost.Lastmonth,thecompanysaiditwasabletoproducepanelsat$1.08perwatt.Thefigure,however,isablendedaverageofallofthecompanysfactories.FirstSolarscostoutofitsMalaysianfactoriesislower,closerto75cents.The$40millionsystematSempraiscomprisedof168,300panels,whichFirstSolarinstalledatacostof$3.17perwatt,Bachmanwrote.(Theinstalledcostishigherbecauseitincludesframesandinstallation,notjustthesolarmodule.)HethenusedSunPowersinstallationofa14.2-megawattsystemattheNellisAirForcebaseinNevadaforcomparison.BachmansaidSunPowerscrystallinesiliconpanelscost$7.04perwatttoinstall.Afterfiguringouthowmuchelectricitythesystemisgenerating,Bachmandeterminedthatitcosts$0.164perkilowatthour.HeconcludedthatfortheSunPowersystemtogenerateelectricityatthesamerate(inkilowatt-hours)asFirstSolars,SunPowerwouldhavetocutitspanelpricesby52percentandsellthemat$3.4perwatt.ButBachmanwentontoarguethatthesolarindustrycarestoomuchaboutthecostofproducingandinstallingpanels,andnotenoughaboutthehowmuchasystemcostsintermsofitspowergeneration,inkilowatt-hours.Henotedthatfinancialanalystsshoulddosowhendissectingtheaveragesellingpriceofacompanyspanels.Byfocusingonthecost/kWhcalculation,wecancomparecompetingbusinessmodelsonadefinedmetricthatisindependentoftechnologies,hesaid.BachmanalsofiguredthatFirstSolarssystemmakemoreefficientuseofrealestatethanSunPowers,somethingthatcontradictsSunPowersclaimandtheestimatesofothers.SunPowerssystemneedsmorespacebecauseitusesatrackingsystemtopointthepanelstothesunthroughouttheday.Crystallinepanelsperformthebestwhenfacingthedirectsun.Byusingthetracker,however,thepanelsneedtobefartheraparttoavoidtheshadowcastbyotherpanelsastheyfollowthesun。FirstSolartilteditspanelsatafixedangelinstead.Itscadmium-telluridepanelsmightnotbeasefficientasSunPowerspanelsunderdirectsun,butthethin-filmpanelsdobetteratconvertingdiffusedlight.SunPower,however,achievesafarhigherefficiency.Itsellspanelsthatcanconvert20tonearly23percentofthesunlightthatstrikesthemintoelectricity.關(guān)于第一個(gè)太陽能并網(wǎng)發(fā)電里程碑的報(bào)告在研究了首個(gè)在內(nèi)華達(dá)沙漠以太陽能發(fā)電的系統(tǒng)我們認(rèn)為，太陽能發(fā)電的成本低于煤?？稍偕茉窗l(fā)展欣欣向榮。首個(gè)太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)向電網(wǎng)平價(jià)供電，根據(jù)至少有一位分析師。一個(gè)12.6兆瓦的第一個(gè)太陽能系統(tǒng)在美國參議院的表決下安裝，該系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生電力的價(jià)格低于常規(guī)電力，馬克克巴赫曼，一個(gè)在太平洋佳潔士股票分析師，在星期二在一份研究注意到。該系統(tǒng)可以產(chǎn)生12.6兆瓦的電力，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換為交流電供給電網(wǎng)。在今年早些時(shí)候，第一個(gè)10W太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)宣布開始建設(shè)。這個(gè)發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，坐落在內(nèi)華達(dá)沙漠附近博爾德城，向外輸送價(jià)格每一KW/H0.075美元的電力而且沒有任何額外補(bǔ)貼，巴赫曼寫道，二常規(guī)電源饋入電網(wǎng)的費(fèi)用是0.09美元每千瓦小時(shí)?！拔覀冋J(rèn)為，行業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者將為這些公司能夠提供電力且以低于電網(wǎng)平價(jià)定價(jià)而向他們提供援助補(bǔ)貼，同時(shí)提供優(yōu)異的回報(bào)給股東，”巴赫曼說。我們認(rèn)為：目前，只有第一個(gè)太陽能可以聲稱這些成就。巴赫曼的成本計(jì)算，當(dāng)然，在受到很多不同因素的情況下可能會(huì)得到不同的結(jié)論。部分的計(jì)算依賴于其他人在實(shí)現(xiàn)發(fā)電在不同地方所使用不同類型的面板。盡管如此，它突出的進(jìn)展，對(duì)整個(gè)行業(yè)來說是個(gè)重要的里程碑。并且太陽能發(fā)電并不是沒有限制因素。昨天，賽普拉斯半導(dǎo)體公司首席執(zhí)行官T.J.羅杰斯告訴一群記者說：“從晶體硅太陽能電池板得到的電力價(jià)格將低于煤電價(jià)格到2012年時(shí)當(dāng)傳輸線以及高效率官僚機(jī)構(gòu)和其他因素加進(jìn)來的時(shí)候。在起點(diǎn)是相同的”羅杰斯說。“我們將和PG&E（太平洋天然氣和電力）互相合作直至2012年。在未來兩三年內(nèi)，太陽能發(fā)電的電力價(jià)格將是相當(dāng)便宜。”羅杰斯的投資公司SunPower在2000年已經(jīng)有時(shí)40名員工。他把股份轉(zhuǎn)讓給賽普拉斯以后。SunPower公司現(xiàn)在能在一年出售價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元的面板。首個(gè)太陽能設(shè)備總部設(shè)在美國TEMPE，使用以鎘碲制造的薄膜太陽能電池板是將陽光轉(zhuǎn)化為電能關(guān)鍵。在大多數(shù)的使用單晶硅太陽能電池板今天，它能更多轉(zhuǎn)化陽光比那些制造商制造的薄膜。下一年，將有少數(shù)有能力的制造商將開始生產(chǎn)銅銦鎵硒（CIGS）太陽能電池。這個(gè)坐落在森普拉價(jià)值4000萬美元系統(tǒng)有168，300個(gè)電池板，其中第一個(gè)太陽能發(fā)電系統(tǒng)安裝費(fèi)用為3.17美元每瓦，克巴赫曼寫道。（安裝的成本較高，因?yàn)樗蚣芎桶惭b，而不僅僅是太陽能電池組件。）然后，他使用SunPower公司的電池組件安裝了一個(gè)14.2兆瓦的太陽能系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)利斯空軍基地，在與內(nèi)華達(dá)州的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行比較。巴赫曼說，SunPower公司的晶體硅板成本為七點(diǎn)零四美元每瓦。在搞清楚多少電力系統(tǒng)發(fā)電，巴赫曼確定它的費(fèi)用0.164美元每千瓦小時(shí)他的