[畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)精品]基于單片機(jī)的99馬表設(shè)計(jì)

XXX畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)基于單片機(jī)的99馬表設(shè)計(jì)班級電子512專業(yè)應(yīng)用電子技術(shù)所在系機(jī)電工程系學(xué)號指導(dǎo)老師完成時間2008年1月22日至2008年6月20日A1A1A1A2A0A3A4A7A5A6A8A9A10A13A13A14A11A3A4A16目錄A12A152A17A183A19A20A21A22A23A24A25A26A27A28A29A30A23A24A25A26A27A28A29411A31A32A33A34A35A36A374111A31A32A33A34A35A38A39412A31MCS51A32A33A34A35A40A414A42A43A44A45A46A22A23A24A25A23A24A2599A47A48A49A50A51A52A47A48A49A50A51A52821A31A53A54A55A56A57A5899A59A60A61A62821A631A64A65A66A67A68A698212A64A70A71A72A73A74A75A76A779A78A79A78A80A81A82A83A84A85A86A87A58A88A899221A64A65A66A90A9110222A64A92A93A94A9510223A64A96A97A98A90A9112224A64A99A100A101A1021223A80A53A54A55A56A57A5899A59A60A103A104A105A106A107A10813231A64A109A110A111A11213232A64A113A114A111A11215233A64A115A116A9215234A64A117A118A111A11218A119A120A121A122A123A124A125A126A127A123A124A125A126A12799A128A129A130A131A132A133A128A129A130A131A132A1332031A134A135A136A137A138A139A14099A141A142A143A144A145A14620311A147A148A149A150A151A152A15399A154A155A156A157A15820312A147A148A149A150A151A152AT89S51A15399A154A155A159A160A157A1612132A162KEILUVISION2A163A164A165A166A167A168A169A1702532A1711A147KEILA153A172A173A174A1752534A176A177A178A179PROTEUS27341A147A148A149PROTEUSA180A181A153A182A183A184A181A185A186A187A18827342A147A148A149PROTEUSA180A181A153A182A183A184A181A185A186A189A1902835A162A191A179A192A193A194A195A19628351A147PROTELDXPA197A19828352A147A199A200A158A187A188A182A183A153A201A20228353A147A203A204A205A206A207A208PCBA209A153A187A188A182A183A153A201A20230A210A211A212A213A214A215A216A217A214A215A2163141A218A219A2203142A218A221A222A223A22431A225A22632A227A228A222A22933A230A230A230A231A232A233A234A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A246摘要近年來隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用正在不斷地走向深入，同時帶動傳統(tǒng)控制檢測日新月異更新。系統(tǒng)實(shí)用性強(qiáng)、操作簡單、擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)。本文介紹了基于單片機(jī)AT89S51的99馬表的設(shè)計(jì)，重點(diǎn)討論了AT89S51單片機(jī)周圍硬件電路的原理和軟件的編程以及仿真軟件對電路功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。關(guān)鍵詞單片機(jī)99馬表設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)ABSTRACTINRECENTYEARSALONGWITHSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYDEVELOPFAST,THEAPPLICATIONOFSINGLEFLATMACHINEISMOVINGTOWARDSTHOROUGHCONTINUOUSLY,ATTHESAMETIMEDRIVETRADITIONALCONTROLDETECTIONDAYTHEBENEFITOFNEWMOONUPDATETHESYSTEMUSABILITYISSTRONG,SIMPLICITYOFOPERATOR,EXTENDEDTHISARTICLEINTRODUCEDBASEDONTHEMONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITAT89S5199STOPWATCHDESIGNS,DISCUSSEDAROUNDWITHEMPHASISAT89S51MONOLITHICINTEGRATEDCIRCUITHARDWARECIRCUITSPRINCIPLEANDSOFTWARESPROGRAMMINGASWELLASTHESIMULATIONSOFTWARETOELECTRICCIRCUITFUNCTIONREALIZATIONKEYWORDSONLYFLATMACHINEA247A247A248A249A250A251A252A253A249A254A255A2A248DESIGNREALIZEA1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A18引言在單片機(jī)技術(shù)日趨G6116G10099的G1182G3837，G1866G9801G8975的硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)和軟件的設(shè)計(jì)，G16765單片機(jī)G5483G2052了G5203G8879的應(yīng)用，G1972G1058G7171G1186G4579的電G4388G1147G2709，G2052G3835的G5049G1006控制，單片機(jī)G18129G17227G2052了G1042G17287G17743重的作用。單片機(jī)G4579的系統(tǒng)G13479G7512G1972G1058G7171G6164G7389G1867G7389G2499編程硬件的G980G1022G13565G5445，G2499G16871G7171G256G21647G19604G15441G4579，G13937G13978G1477G1852G257，單片機(jī)的G4410G1076和G11752G12362G7171對G5506機(jī)系統(tǒng)G4410G1076和G11752G12362的簡G6475G17896G5464。本文G1025設(shè)計(jì)的基于AT89S51單片的99馬表G1867G7389G1319G12227G4579，G13479G7512簡單，G7143于操作G12573G10317性，G17836G1867G7389強(qiáng)G3835的擴(kuò)展功能。G4439能G3827G12946G11842計(jì)時，G5194G1867G7389G5332G3999計(jì)時，計(jì)時G1584G8502，G9177G19658G12573功能，在G17828動G1262G990，G8785G17722G990G12573G980G1135G19668G16213計(jì)時的地G7053G3800G3800G2499G16277G4439的G10995G5445。G10317G2047G7171G2045用單片機(jī)G1582的馬表，G3252G1866G7186G12046G12946G1946，G16835G5058G4579，G1227G7696G17751G1314G13792G5203G2475G8438G17826。A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A19第一章單片機(jī)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用11、單片機(jī)的發(fā)展111、單片機(jī)的概念G1427019G23G25年G12544G980G2500G6980G4395G5347電G4388計(jì)G12651機(jī)G40G49IAG38在G13666G3281G4498G3817G8873G4624G1134G3835G4410G16818G10995以來，計(jì)G12651機(jī)的發(fā)展G5062G13475G2394了G3247代，G5506型計(jì)G12651機(jī)屬于G12544G3247代計(jì)G12651機(jī)。對G5506型計(jì)G12651機(jī)G13792言，如果將G38PU、存儲器、I/O接口以及定時器/記G6980器集G6116在G980塊芯片G990，就G6116為單片G5506型計(jì)G12651機(jī)（SUM，SINGLEG38HIPMICROCOMPUTER），簡稱單片機(jī)。G4439G1867G7389G1319G12227G4579、功耗G1314、G2499靠性高、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)、G1227G7696G1314G12573優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被G5203G8879應(yīng)用于檢測和控制領(lǐng)域。此外，單片機(jī)在家用電器、電G4388玩G1867、語言設(shè)備、機(jī)器人G12573各G1022領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用也迅速發(fā)展。隨著單片機(jī)在技術(shù)G990、G1319系G13479G7512G990的不斷發(fā)展，G3281際G990逐漸采用G256G5506控制器（MG38U，MICROG38ONTROLLERUNIT）G257來代替G256單片G5506型計(jì)G12651機(jī)G257這G980名稱，但在G3281內(nèi)，由于G1076慣，我們?nèi)匝赜肎256單片機(jī)G257這G980名稱。12、MCS51單片機(jī)的簡介51系列單片機(jī)G7171由G13666G3281INTEL公司G10995G1147的以80G3851為核心發(fā)展G17227來的各類單片機(jī)型號系列的總稱。這類單片機(jī)G18129使用80G3851的G38PU內(nèi)核及指令系統(tǒng)，且MG38S51系列G1025的8051G6116為許多半導(dǎo)G1319廠家。電氣公司競相選用的對象G5194以G1866為基核，推出了許多兼容性的G38HMOS單片機(jī)，且這G1135單片機(jī)G18129G1867G7389極好的兼容性，G5194G7389很強(qiáng)的G10995命力，統(tǒng)稱80G3851系列MG38S51系列單片機(jī)G1147G2709G73898051，8031，8751，80G3851，80G3831G12573型號（前三種為G38MOS芯片，后兩種為G38HMOS芯片）。G4439們的G13479G7512基本相同，G1866主G16213G5058G2047反映在存儲器的配置G990。8051內(nèi)部設(shè)G7389G23KG4395節(jié)的掩模ROM程序存儲器，8031片內(nèi)沒G7389程序存儲器，G137928751G7171將8051片內(nèi)的ROM換G6116G40PROM。由ATMG40L公司G10995G1147的89G3851將G40PROM改G6116了G23K的閃速存儲器，他們的G13479G7512G3835同G4579異。MG38S51單A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A20片機(jī)內(nèi)部G13479G75128051G7171MG38S51系列單片機(jī)的典型G1147G2709，我們以這G980代表性的機(jī)型進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的講解。下圖G7171MG38S51系列單片機(jī)的內(nèi)部G13479G7512G12046G5859。8051單片機(jī)G2265G2559G1025G3842G3800理器、程序存儲器G11ROMG12、G6980G6466存儲器G11RAMG12、定時/計(jì)G6980器、G5194行接口、G1030行接口和G1025斷系統(tǒng)G12573G1972G3835單G1815及G6980G6466總G13459、地G3348總G13459和控制總G13459G12573三G3835總G13459，現(xiàn)在我們G2010G2047G2164以G16840G7138G726A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A211）G1025G3842G3800理器（G38PU）G726G1025G3842G3800理器G11G38PUG12G7171G6984G1022單片機(jī)的核心部件，G71718G1313G6980G6466G4497G5242的G3800理器，能G3800理8G1313G1120進(jìn)制G6980G6466G6122代G11733，G38PUG17139G17143控制、指G6393和G16855G5242G6984G1022單G1815系統(tǒng)G2339G16855的G5049作，G4448G6116G17828G12651和控制G17767入G17767出功能G12573操作。G21）G6980G6466存儲器G11RAMG12G7268051內(nèi)部G73891G218G10228G1313用G6155G6980G6466存儲單G1815和1G218G1022G999用G4504存器單G1815，G4439們G7171統(tǒng)G980編G3348的，G999用G4504存器G2494能用于存G6930控制指令G6980G6466，用G6155G2494能G16787G19394，G13792不能用于存G6930用G6155G6980G6466，G6164以，用G6155能使用的RAMG2494G73891G218G1022，G2499存G6930G16847G1901的G6980G6466，G17828G12651的G1025G19400G13479果G6122用G6155定G1053的G4395型表。3）程序存儲器G11ROMG12G7268051G1861G7389G2309G25G10228G1313掩G14192ROM，用于存G6930用G6155程序，原G3999G6980G6466G6122表G7696。G23）定時/計(jì)G6980器G11ROMG12G7268051G7389兩G10221G25G1313的G2499編程定時/計(jì)G6980器，以實(shí)現(xiàn)定時G6122計(jì)G6980G1147G10995G1025斷用于控制程序G17728向。5）G5194行G17767入G17767出G11I/OG12口G7268051G1861G7389G23G134648G1313I/O口G11P0、P1、PG21G6122P3G12，用于對外部G6980G6466的傳G17767。G25）G1852G2464G5049G1030行口G7268051內(nèi)置G980G1022G1852G2464G5049G1030行G17902G1461口，用于G994G1866G4439設(shè)備G19400的G1030行G6980G6466傳G17877，G16825G1030行口G7094G2499以用作異G8505G17902G1461G6922發(fā)器，也G2499以G5415同G8505G12239G1313器使用。7）G1025斷系統(tǒng)G7268051G1867備G17751G4448G2904的G1025斷功能，G7389兩G1022外G1025斷、兩G1022定時/計(jì)G6980器G1025斷和G980G1022G1030行G1025斷，G2499G9397G17287不同的控制G16213G8726，G5194G1867G7389G21G13435的優(yōu)G1820G13435G2047選G6333。TG38OG49的G1025斷G7643G5547G726G1313號7G255G233G2110G4395節(jié)地G3348G72688HIT0G726外部G1025斷IG49T0G16314發(fā)G7053G5347控制G1313。IG400G726外部G1025斷IG49T0G1025斷G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。IG400G321時，表G12046IG49TO向G38PUG16843G8726G1025斷。TG411TR1TG410TR0IG401IT1IG400TT0A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A22IT1G726外部G1025斷IG49T1G16314發(fā)G7053G5347控制G1313。IG401G726外部G1025斷IG49T1G1025斷G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。IG400G321時，表G12046IG49T1向G38PUG16843G8726G1025斷。TG410G726定時/計(jì)G6980器T0G11422出G1025斷G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。在T0G2563動后就G5332G3999由出G1552G21641記G6980，G11464G14279G7380高G1313G1147G10995G11422出由硬件置G1313TG410，向G38PUG2721應(yīng)G1025斷。G38PUG2721應(yīng)G1025斷時，TG410由硬件G14270動G91770。TG411G726定時/計(jì)G6980器T1G11422出G1025斷G16843G8726G7643G5547G1313。G1025斷G1813許控制G726G38PU對G1025斷系統(tǒng)G6164G7389G1025斷以及G7588G1022G1025斷G9316的G5332G6930和G4643G15121G7171由G1025斷G1813許G4504存器IG40控制的。IG40的G10378G5589G2499G17902G17819程序由軟件設(shè)定。G7588G1313設(shè)定為1，相應(yīng)的G1025斷G9316G1813許G727G7588G1313設(shè)定為0，相應(yīng)的G1025斷G9316G4643G15121。G38PUG3809為時，IG40各G1313G91770，G12117G8502G6164G7389G1025斷。IG40G4504存器G726G1313號7G255G233G2110G4395節(jié)地G3348G726A8HG40G590G726外部IG49T0G1025斷G1813許G1313。G40T0G726定時/計(jì)G6980器T0G1025斷G1813許G1313。G40G591G726外部IG49T1G1025斷G1813許G1313。G40T1G726定時/計(jì)G6980器T0G1025斷G1813許G1313。G40SG726G1030行口G1025斷G1813許G1313。G40AG726G38PUG1025斷G1813許（總G1813許）G1313。G40AG40SG40T1G40G591G40T0G40G590A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A23第二章基于單片機(jī)的99馬表硬件系統(tǒng)21、基于單片機(jī)的99馬表原理211、主要功能1）G5332G3999時，G7186G12046G25600G257，G125441G8437G6365下SP1后就G5332G3999計(jì)時。G21）G12544G21G8437G6365SP1后，計(jì)時G1584G8502。3）G125443G8437G6365SP1后，計(jì)時G5414G19658。A12A4A5A6A7A17A8A9A247A10A11A13A14A247A247A24A15A26A16A25A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A241212、系統(tǒng)板上硬件連線1）G6238G256單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)G257G2318域G1025的P10/AD0G713P17/AD7G12483口G2010G2047用導(dǎo)G17842接G2052LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器UG21的AG713HG12483口G990G727G16213G8726G726P10/AD0對應(yīng)著A，P11/AD1對應(yīng)著B，G258G258，P17/AD7對應(yīng)著H。G21）G6238G256單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)G257G2318域G1025的PG210/A8G713PG217/A15G12483口G2010G2047用導(dǎo)G17842接G2052LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器U1的AG713HG12483口G990G727G16213G8726G726PG210/A8對應(yīng)著A，PG211/A9對應(yīng)著B，G258G258，PG217/A15對應(yīng)著H。3）G6238G256單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)G256G2318域G1025的P35/T1用導(dǎo)G13459G17842接G2052G257G10432G12447G5347G19202G11436G256G2318域G1025的SP1G12483口G990G72722、AT89S51的介紹AT89S51G7171G980種帶G23KG4395節(jié)閃G9877G2499編程G2499G6842G19512G2494G16847存儲器（G41PG40ROMG252G41ALSHPROGRAMMABLEANDG40RASABLEREADONLYMEMORY）的G1314電G2399，高性能G38MOS8G1313G5506G3800理器，G1451稱單片機(jī)。G16825器件采用ATMG40L高G4506G5242G19762G7143G3845存儲器制G17908技術(shù)制G17908，G994G5049G1006G7643G1946的MG38S51指令集和G17767出G12661G14062相兼容。由于將多功能8G1313G38PU和閃G9877存儲器G13464G2524在單G1022芯片G1025，ATMG40L的AT89G3851G7171G980種高G6940G5506控制器，為很多G4896入G5347控制系統(tǒng)G6564G1391了G980種G9801G8975性高且G1227G5277的G7053G7708。如下圖G726AT89S51G5353G14062圖A1A1A1A0A3A244A245A235A236A237A238A239A240A241A241A242A243A244A245A27A28221、主要特性1G12G994MG38S51兼容G21G12G23KG4395節(jié)G2499編程閃G9877存儲器3G12G4563命G7261000G1901/G6842G5502G10627G23G12G6980G6466G1457G11053時G19400G72610年5G12G1852G19757G5589G5049作G7260HZG21G23HZG25G12三G13435程序存儲器鎖定7G121G2188G1313內(nèi)部RAM8G123G21G2499編程I/OG134599G12兩G10221G25G1313定時器/計(jì)G6980器10G125G1022G1025斷G931611G12G2499編程G1030行G17902道1G21G12G1314功耗的閑置和掉電模G534713）片內(nèi)振蕩器和時鐘電路222、管腳說明VG38G38G726G1391電電G2399。GG49DG726接地。P0口G726P0口為G980G10228G1313漏G13435G5332路G2464向I/O口，每G14062G2499吸G69228TTL門電流。G5415P1口的G12661G14062G12544G980G8437G19011時，被定G1053為高阻G17767入。P0能G3827用于外部程序G6980G6466存儲器，G4439G2499以被定G1053為G6980G6466/地G3348的G12544八G1313。在G41IASH編程時，P0口作為原G11733G17767入口，G5415G41IASH進(jìn)行校驗(yàn)時，P0G17767出原G11733，此時P0外部必須被拉高。P1口G726P1口G7171G980G1022內(nèi)部G6564G1391G990拉電阻的8G1313G2464向I/O口，P1口緩沖器能接A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A43G6922G17767出G23TTL門電流。P1口G12661G14062G1901入1后，被內(nèi)部G990拉為高，G2499用作G17767入，P1口被外部下拉為G1314電平時，將G17767出電流，這G7171由于內(nèi)部G990拉的緣故。在G41LASH編程和校驗(yàn)時，P1口作為G12544八G1313地G3348接G6922。PG21口G726PG21口為G980G1022內(nèi)部G990拉電阻的8G1313G2464向I/O口，PG21口緩沖器G2499接G6922，G17767出G23G1022TTL門電流，G5415PG21口被G1901G2561G257時，G1866G12661G14062被內(nèi)部G990拉電阻拉高，且作為G17767入。G5194G3252此作為G17767入時，PG21口的G12661G14062被外部拉G1314，將G17767出電流。這G7171由于內(nèi)部G990拉的緣故。PG21口G5415用于外部程序存儲器G61221G25G1313地G3348外部G6980G6466存儲器進(jìn)行存取時，PG21口G17767出地G3348的高八G1313。在給出地G3348G2561G257時，G4439G2045用內(nèi)部G990拉優(yōu)勢，G5415對外部八G1313地G3348G6980G6466存儲器進(jìn)行G16847G1901時，PG21口G17767出G1866G10317殊功能G4504存器的內(nèi)容。PG21口在G41LASH編程和校驗(yàn)時接G6922高八G1313地G3348G1461號和控制G1461號。P3口G726P3口G12661G14062G71718G1022帶內(nèi)部G990拉電阻的G2464向I/O口，G2499接G6922G17767出G23G1022TTL門電流。G5415P3口G1901入G2561G257后，G4439們被內(nèi)部G990拉為高電平，G5194用作G17767入。作為G17767入，由于外部下拉為G1314電平，P3口將G17767出電流（ILL）這G7171由于G990拉的緣故。P3口也G2499作為AT89G3851的G980G1135G10317殊功能口，如下G6164G12046G726P3口G12661G14062備選功能G7261）P30RG59D（G1030行G17767入口）G21）P31TG59D（G1030行G17767出口）3）P3G21/IG49T0（外部G1025斷0）G23）P33/IG49T1（外部G1025斷1）5）P3G23T0（記時器0外部G17767入）G25）P35T1（記時器1外部G17767入）7）P3G25/WR（外部G6980G6466存儲器G1901選G17902）8）P37/RD（外部G6980G6466存儲器G16847選G17902）9）P3口同時為閃G9877編程和編程校驗(yàn)接G6922G980G1135控制G1461號。RSTG726G3809G1313G17767入。G5415振蕩器G3809G1313器件時，G16213G1457持RSTG14062兩G1022機(jī)器周期的高電A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A44平時G19400。ALG40/PROGG726G5415G16787G19394外部存儲器時，地G3348鎖存G1813許的G17767出電平用于鎖存地G3348的地G1313G4395節(jié)。在G41LASH編程期G19400，此G5353G14062用于G17767入編程脈沖。在平時，ALG40G12483以不變的頻率周期G17767出正脈沖G1461號，此頻率為振蕩器頻率的1/G25。G3252此G4439G2499用作對外部G17767出的脈沖G6122用于定時目的。然G13792G16213注G5859的G7171G726每G5415用作外部G6980G6466存儲器時，將跳G17819G980G1022ALG40脈沖。如想G12117G8502ALG40的G17767出G2499在SG41R8G40H地G3348G990置0。此時，ALG40G2494G7389在執(zhí)行MOVG59，MOVG38指令G7171ALG40才G17227作用。另外，G16825G5353G14062被略G5506拉高。如果G5506G3800理器在外部執(zhí)行G10378G5589ALG40G12117G8502，置G1313無G6940。PSG40G49G726外部程序存儲器的選G17902G1461號。在由外部程序存儲器取指期G19400，每G1022機(jī)器周期兩G8437/PSG40G49G7389G6940。但在G16787G19394外部G6980G6466存儲器時，這兩G8437G7389G6940的/PSG40G49G1461號將不出現(xiàn)。G40A/VPPG726G5415G40AG1457持G1314電平時，則在此期G19400外部程序存儲器（0000HG41G41G41G41H），不G12661G7171否G7389內(nèi)部程序存儲器。注G5859G2164G4506G7053G53471時，G40A將內(nèi)部鎖定為RG40SG40TG727G5415G40AG12483G1457持高電平時，此G19400內(nèi)部程序存儲器。在G41LASH編程期G19400，此G5353G14062也用于施G21641G21V編程電G9316（VPP）。G59TAL1G726反向振蕩G6930G3835器的G17767入及內(nèi)部時鐘G5049作電路的G17767入。G59TALG21G726來G14270反向振蕩器的G17767出。223、振蕩器特性G59TAL1和G59TALG21G2010G2047為反向G6930G3835器的G17767入和G17767出。G16825反向G6930G3835器G2499以配置為片內(nèi)振蕩器。石晶振蕩和陶瓷振蕩均G2499采用。如采用外部時鐘G9316驅(qū)動器件，G59TALG21應(yīng)不接。G7389余G17767入G14279內(nèi)部時鐘G1461號G16213G17902G17819G980G1022G1120G2010頻G16314發(fā)器，G3252此對外部時鐘G1461號的脈G4497無任何G16213G8726，但必須G1457證脈沖的高G1314電平G16213G8726的G4497G5242。224、芯片擦除G6984G1022PG40ROM陣列和三G1022鎖定G1313的電G6842G19512G2499G17902G17819正G11842的控制G1461號G13464G2524，G5194G1457持ALG40G12661G14062G3800于G1314電平10MS來G4448G6116。在芯片G6842操作G1025，代G11733陣列G1852被G1901G2561G257且在A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A45任何G19762空存儲G4395節(jié)被重G3809編程以前，G16825操作必須被執(zhí)行。此外，AT89S51設(shè)G7389穩(wěn)G5589邏輯，G2499以在G1314G2052G19658頻率的條件下G19757G5589邏輯，支持兩種軟件G2499選的掉電模G5347。在閑置模G5347下，G38PUG1584G8502G5049作。但RAM，定時器，計(jì)G6980器，G1030口和G1025斷系統(tǒng)仍在G5049作。在掉電模G5347下，G1457存RAM的內(nèi)容G5194且凍G13479振蕩器，G12117G8502G6164用G1866他芯片功能，G11464G2052下G980G1022硬件G3809G1313為G8502。23、基于單片機(jī)的99馬表外圍電路設(shè)計(jì)231、復(fù)位電路系統(tǒng)G3809G1313G7171任何G5506機(jī)系統(tǒng)的G12544G980G8505，G4439能使G6984G1022控制芯片回G2052默認(rèn)的硬件初G3999G10378G5589下。G3809G1313對單片機(jī)來G16840，就G7171回G2052初G3999G10378G5589，程序計(jì)G6980器賦G15520000H，為程序G17828行G1582好貯備G5049作。1）G3809G1313的實(shí)現(xiàn)G5415在單片機(jī)的RSTG5353G14062G990G2164G990高電平G5194G1457持兩G1022機(jī)器周期（G21G23G1022G3999終震蕩周期），就G2499以G4448G6116G3809G1313操作。為了達(dá)G2052這G1022G16213G8726，G2499以使用很多G7053G8873，這里G6564G1391G980種G7053G8873參考，G1866電路圖G6164G12046。A46A47A48A49這種G3809G1313電路的G5049作原理G7171G726G17902電時，電容兩段相G5415于G7171短路，于G7171RSTG5353G14062G990為高電平，然后電G9316G17902G17819電阻對電容充電，RSTG12483電G2399慢慢下降，G13475G17819G980段時G19400，達(dá)G2052G1314電平，單片機(jī)G5332G3999正常G5049作。A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A50根G6466實(shí)際操作的G13475驗(yàn)，圖1G21G1025G3809G1313電路的電容、電阻參考G1552G2010G2047為G38G3210UG41，R1G321K，RG21G3210K。G21G12單片機(jī)G3809G1313后的G10378G5589單片機(jī)的G3809G1313操作使單片機(jī)進(jìn)入初G3999化G10378G5589。51單片機(jī)在系統(tǒng)G3809G1313時，將G1866內(nèi)部的G980G1135重G16213G4504存設(shè)置為G10317定的G1552，G1866G1025G2265括使程序計(jì)G6980器PG38為0000H，程序G11860000H地G3348單G1815G5332G3999執(zhí)行G727G211G1022G10317殊功能G4504存器G3809G1313后的G10378G5589為G11842定G1552G727P0、P1、PG21、P3口G17767出高電平G727G17828行G1025的G3809G1313操作不改變內(nèi)部RAM的G6980G6466，重新G990電時片內(nèi)RAM則為隨機(jī)G1552，如表G6164G12046。G211G1022G10317殊功能G4504存器G3809G1313后的G10378G5589G10317殊功能G4504存器初G3999G10378G5589G10317殊功能G4504存器初G3999G10378G5589A00HTMOD00HB00HTG38OG4900HPSW00HTH000HSP07HTL000HDPL00HTH100HDPH00HTL100HP0G252P3G41G41HSBUG41不定IP00000BSG38OG4900HIG40000000BPG38OG490PSWG3200HG726表G7138選G12227存器0G13464為G5049作G4504存G13464。SPG3207HG726表G7138堆棧指針指向片內(nèi)RAM07HG4395節(jié)單G1815。P0G252P3G32G41G41HG726表G7138G5062向各G12483口G13459G1901入1，此時，各G12483口G7094G2499用于G17767入用G2499用于G17767出。IPG32G59G59G5900000BG726表G7138各G1022G1025斷G9316G3800于G1314優(yōu)G1820G13435IG40G320G59G5900000BG726表G7138各G1022G1025斷均被關(guān)斷。A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A51RSTG5353G14062的G12544G1120功能G7171作為備用電G9316的G17767入G12483，G5415主電G9316發(fā)G10995故障、電G2399G1552降G1314G2052規(guī)定的G1314電平時，5V電G9316G14270動接入RSTG12483，作為備用電G9316為系統(tǒng)G1391電，G1457證G3809G1313后能繼續(xù)正常G17828行。232、時鐘電路AT89G3851片內(nèi)設(shè)G7389G980G1022由反向G6930G3835器G6164G7512G6116的振蕩電路，G59TAL1和G59TALG21G2010G2047為振蕩電路的G17767入和G17767出G12483，時鐘G2499以由內(nèi)部G7053G5347G1147G10995G6122外部G7053G5347G1147G10995。內(nèi)部G7053G5347時鐘電路如圖G215G6164G12046。在G59TAL1和G59TALG21G5353G14062G990外接定時G1815件，內(nèi)部振蕩電路就G1147G10995G14270激振蕩。定時G1815件G17902常采用石英晶G1319和電容G13464G6116的G5194聯(lián)諧振回路。晶振G2499以在1G21MHZG20521G21MHZ之G19400選G6333，電容G1552在530PG41之G19400選G6333，電容的G3835G4579G2499G17227頻率G5506G16855作用。A48A52A43A53A54A48A52A44A55A56A57A58A59A60A48A49外部G7053G5347的時鐘很少用，若G16213用時，G2494G16213將G59TAL1接地，G59TALG21接外部振蕩器就行。對外部振蕩G1461號無G10317殊G16213G8726，G2494G16213G1457證脈沖G4497G5242，G980般采用頻率G1314于1G21MHZ的G7053波G1461號。時鐘發(fā)G10995器G6238振蕩頻率兩G2010頻，G1147G10995G980G1022兩相時鐘G1461號P1和PG21G1391單片機(jī)使用。P1在每G980G1022G10378G5589S的前半部G2010G7389G6940，PG21在每G1022G10378G5589的后半部G2010G7389G6940。233、數(shù)碼管在G6980G4395G19668G16213用G6980G4395器件將G6980G4395、文G4395和符號G11464觀地G7186G12046出來。能G3827用來G11464觀G7186G12046G6980G4395、文G4395和符號的器件稱為G7186G12046器。G6980G4395G12661器件的種類很多，G6365G7186G12046G7053G5347的不同，G2499G2010為G4395形重迭G5347、G2010段G5347樣、點(diǎn)陣G5347G727G6365發(fā)光材料不同G2499G2010為熒光G12661A29A61A62A63A43A29A61A62A63A44A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A64G7186G12046器、半導(dǎo)G1319發(fā)光G1120極G12661G7186G12046器（LG40D）和液晶G7186G12046器（LG38D）G12573。本設(shè)計(jì)G17828用的G7171LG40DG6980G11733G12661。LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器G7171G980種由LG40D發(fā)光G1120極G12661G13464G2524G7186G12046G4395符的G7186G12046器件。G4439使用了8G1022LG40D發(fā)光G1120極G12661，G1866G10257G1022用于G7186G12046G4395符，1G1022用于G7186G12046G4579G6980點(diǎn)。LG40DG6980G11733G7186G12046器G7389兩種G17842接G7053G8873G7261）G1861G19464極接G8873G726G6238發(fā)光G1120極G12661的G19463極G17842在G980G17227G7512G6116公G1861G19464極，使用時公G1861G19464極接地，每G1022發(fā)光G1120極G12661的G19463極G17902G17819電阻G994G17767入G12483相G17842。G5415G19463極G12483G17767入G1314電平時，發(fā)光G1120極G12661就導(dǎo)G17902點(diǎn)G1154，G13792G17767入高電平時則不點(diǎn)G1154。A65A66A67A68A69A70G21）G1861G19463極接G8873G726G6238發(fā)光G1120極G12661的G19463極G17842在G980G17227G7512G6116公G1861G19463極，使用時公G1861G19463極接地。每G1022發(fā)光G1120極G12661的G19464極G17902G17819電阻G994G17767入G12483相G17842。G5415G19464極G12483G17767入高電平時，發(fā)光G1120極G12661就導(dǎo)G17902點(diǎn)G1154，G13792G17767入G1314電平時則不點(diǎn)G1154。A29A29A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A38A39A40A40A41A42A32A33A43A71A65A72A67A69A73A70LG40DG7186G12046器的G10317點(diǎn)G7171G9177G7236G5754目G933G5049作電G2399G1314G1115G7943VG12G933G1319G12227G4579G933G4563G19766G19283G933G2721應(yīng)速G