英語中名詞的用法;

1、一、英語中各種詞性的用法及解釋1.名詞 名詞可以分為專有名詞（proper nouns）和普通名詞 (common nouns）。專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱，如beijing，china等。（不是專有名詞就是普通名詞）（1） 名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法1)規(guī)則的變復(fù)數(shù)的方法情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加 -smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的詞加 -esbus-buses watch-watches以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的詞變y 為i再加esbaby-babies2)不規(guī)則變化情況 以o 結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：a. 加s，如： photo-p

2、hotos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes（基本規(guī)律：有生命性質(zhì)的詞在后面加es，否則加s） 以f或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時： a. 加s， 如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化 chil

3、d-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 單復(fù)同形如：deer，sheep，fish，chinese，japanese 集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如： people police cattle 等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不能說 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以說a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the english，the british，the french，the chinese，the japanese，the swiss 等名

4、詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用。 以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如： maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)。news 是不可數(shù)名詞。 (2)名詞的格 1)在英語中有些名詞可以加s來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teachers book。名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：2) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩的書包，mens room 男廁所。3) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ，只加，如：the workers struggle工人的斗爭。4） 凡不能加s的名詞，都可以用名詞+of +名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)來

5、表示所有關(guān)系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。5） 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：the barbers 理發(fā)店。6） 如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有s，則表示分別有；只有一個s，則表示共有。 如：johns and marys room（兩間）john and marys room（一間）例題解析1. they got much _ from those new books. a. ideas b. photos c. news d. stories2. i have two _ and three bottles

6、of _ here. a. orange, orange b. oranges, oranges c. oranges, orange d. orange, oranges3. every evening m r. king takes a _ to his home . a. 25 minutes walk b. 25 minutes walk c. 25 minute walk d. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute應(yīng)該用其復(fù)數(shù)的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此選a。4. an old _ wants to see you. a. people b. perso

7、n c. the people d. the person 解析: person 與people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一個人”用 “a person”,“兩個人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人們”是集合名詞,表示復(fù)數(shù), the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一個民族”. 應(yīng)選b。5. help yourself to _. a. chickens and apples b. chickens and apple c. chicken and apple d. chicken and apples解析: chicken 可用

8、作可數(shù)名詞指小雞,用作不可數(shù)名詞指雞肉,根據(jù)詞題意應(yīng)理解為雞肉;apple為可數(shù)名詞, 故應(yīng)+s, 因此選d。6. oh, dear. i forgot the two _. a. rooms number b. rooms number c. room numbers d. rooms numbers解析: room number 房間號碼. room可直接用作定語修飾后面的名詞 . 類似的還有my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等. 應(yīng)選c。7. she has been in tianjin for ten years. tianjin has becom

9、e her second _. a. family b. house c. home d. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成員; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房間;而home 指的是家, 因此選c.8. _ mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to shanghai . a. mary and peters b. mary and peter c. marys and peter d. marys and peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是復(fù)數(shù),表示兩個人各自的母親

10、,因此應(yīng)選d。9. li lei has been to _ many times this month. a. her uncle b. her uncles c. her uncles d. aunts 解析: 此句意為 “李雷這個去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具體場所時, 可省去所有格后面的名詞.因此選b。10. he is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. a. many experiences b. much experience c. an experience d. a lot experience解析: experie

11、nce 作 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)” 講時是不可數(shù)名詞, 作 “經(jīng)歷”講時是可數(shù)名詞. 本句中應(yīng)理解為 “經(jīng)驗(yàn)”,因此是不可數(shù)名詞,排除 a c. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此選b。11. a classmate of _ was here ten minutes ago. a. you b. your c. your sister d. your sisters解析: 此題考查名詞的雙重所有格.應(yīng)選d。12. a group of _ are talking with two _. a. frenchmen, germans b. g

12、ermans ,frenchmans c. frenchmans , germen d. germen , frenchmen 解析: frenchman 是復(fù)合詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為 frenchmen; german 的復(fù)數(shù)為直接在單詞末尾+s, 應(yīng)選a.13.the team _ having a meeting . a. is b. are c. am d. be解析: team 是一個集合名詞,即可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義(指整個小組) , 也可指小組中的成員(表示復(fù)數(shù)), 此題意為后者, 因此選b。14. “would you like _?” “_, please.” a. drink, thre

13、e coffees b. a cup of drink, coffees c. a drink, a coffee d. a drink, three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coffee是不可數(shù)名詞, 可以用of來表示數(shù)量, eg, three cups of coffee, 當(dāng)前面加a 時,則表示“一杯”因此選c。15. the great wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. a.earth and stone, millions of b. earths and

14、 stones, millions c. the earth and stone, million of d. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth 是不可數(shù)名詞，因此刪除b d,數(shù)以百萬的應(yīng)為millions of . 因此選a。選擇最佳答案：1 last night, there was a food accident. the _ were ill, but no _ were lost. a. child, lives b. children, life c. children, lives d. child, life 2. -this is

15、 a photo of _ when they were young. -ok, how happy they both looked! a. my father and mother b. my mother and fathers c. my mothers and fathers d.my fathers and my mother 3. the new student is in _ , grade two. a. class third b. third class c. class three d. three class 4. today is september 10th. i

16、ts _ day. lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. a. teachers b. teachers c. the teachers d. teachers 5. the market isnt far from here. its only _ bicycle ride. a.half an hours b. half an hours c. half an hour d. an hour and a half 6. - what would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. a.two

17、cup of coffee b. two cups of coffe c. two cups of coffee d. two cups of coffees 7. during christmas, people get together and sing christmas songs for _. a. fun b. wishes c. interest d. thanks 8. some _ are flying kites near the river. a. child b. boy c. boys d. childs 9. after the exam, well have_ h

18、oliday. a. two weeks b. two-weeks c. two weeks d. two weeks 10. they are those _ bags.please put them on the bus. a. visitor b. visitors c. visitors d. visitors 11.- how many workers are there in your factory? - there are two _. a. hundreds b. hundred c. hundred of d. hundreds of 12. -what do you th

19、ink of the _ the moonlight sonata by beethoven? - it sounds really wonderful. a. subject b. music c. book d. animal 13. there is not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. a. place b. room c. field d. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating it a. wool b. pork c. mutton d. milk15. i

20、f you dont take more _, youll get fat. a. medicine b. lessons c. photos d. exercise16. my school is about twenty _ walk from here. a. minute b. minutes c. minutess d. minutes17. mum, i have _ to tell you! a. a good news b. some good news c. some good newes d. much good news18. which is the _ to the

21、post office? a. street b. way c. road d. address19. i stayed at _ last sunday. a. my uncles b. my uncles c. my uncles d. my uncles family20. maths _ not easy to learn. a. are b. is c. am d. were 1-5 cbcbb 6-10 caccd 11-15 abbcd 16-20 bbbc2. 形容詞 a“how can i learn english well?” this is a question man

22、y students ask. in my opinion, the most effective way is to learn lessons by heart. if you can recite the text and write it out, youve learned it fairly well. and if you can tell, in your own words, what the lesson says youre a very successful learner indeed. your english will be quite perfect.this

23、is a difficult task. however, if you try to learn by heart only part of each lesson, youll find it not half so hard as you might have thought. learning this way, you will make rapid progress. of course, writing is also necessary. it helps you a lot on our way to success in english. equally important

24、 is to feel the language. you should be able to laugh at jokes and be shocked at bad news. when using english, try to forget your mother tongue. instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way. so, never try to see english through translation.1.in the writers opinion, the most effective w

25、ay in learning english is _.a.to practise speaking, writing and feeling itb.to forget your own native languagec.to translate everything into his own languaged.to memorize the english words and grammatical rules2. “instead of helping you, your own language gets in your way.”this sentence means that m

26、emorizing your own language can _.a.help you to study english well b.stop you mastering englishc.make english easy to learn d.help you notice mistakes3.equally important is to feel the language. “to feel the language” here means_. a.to get a knowledge of english by touchingb. to be able to read and

27、write englishc.to translate english into your own by imaginingd.to be able to experience the rich sensation of the languagebwhen we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. it is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.people who are nearsighted c

28、an only see things that are very close to their eyes. many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.people who are farsighted face just the opposite problem. they can see things that are

29、far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arms length. if they want to do much reading, they must get glasses too.other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. this, too, can be corrected by glasses. some peoples eyes become cloudy

30、 because of cataracts. long ago these people often became blind. now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.when night falls, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. after your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of

31、your eyes rather than the centers. sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. this is because when you turn your head, you are looking? at the thing too directly. men on guard duty sometimes think they see somethi

32、ng moving to one side of them. when they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. however, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.1.we dont

33、know that our eyes are of great importance until _.a. we think about our eyes b. we cannot see clearly c. we wear glasses d. we have to do much reading2.according to the passage, a _ is more likely to be nearsighted.a.tailor b. doctor c. guard d.painter3.people who are farsighted _ .a.cannot do a lo

34、t of close work without glassesb.can only see things that are very close to their eyesc.have difficulty reading a book if they hold it at arms lengthd.have the same problem as the nearsighted people4.to see a small thing at night, it is better to look _ .a.with wide open eyes b.with half shut or nar

35、rowed eyesc.straight at it d.in a slightly different directionctrees are useful to man in three important ways: they give him wood and other useful things, they give him cool places, and they help to stop drought and flood.unluckily, in many parts of the world, man has not found that the third of th

36、ese points is the most important. man wants to make money from trees,so he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had. and also, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. so the forests slowly disappear.this does not onl

37、y mean that man will have fewer trees. the results are even worse: for where there are trees, their roots break up soil-make the rain in-and also bind the soil, thus stopping it from being washed away easily; but where there are no trees, the rain falls on hard ground and flows away, causing floods

38、and carrying away the rich top-soil. when all the top-soil is gone, nothing is left but useless desert.1.the most important points of trees to man is _.a.they help him to make money b.they give him cool c.they give him wood and other thingsd.they help him to stop drought and floods2.in many places f

39、orests slowly disappear because _ .a.many trees have been cut down by manb.new trees are not well looked after c.man has not paid enough attention to planting treesd.all the above3.land becomes desert after all trees are cut down because _a. roots of trees break up the soil b. there are too many rai

40、nfallsc. strong winds bring a lot of sandd. there are no longer trees to keep the rain and protect the top-soil.4.which title best fits the passage?a.trees and man b.the function of tree woodc.how do people do with trees? d.the usage of tree roots英語完形填空練習(xí) these days computer games have become more a

41、nd more popular in many cities and towns. a lot of small shops along busy _1_ have changed into computer game houses in order to get more _2_ . these places are always crowded with people. in the computer game houses, people 3 a lot of money matching on the machines, its 4 for one to beat a computer, but one can