基本常用測(cè)繪英語(yǔ)

1、昧吮執(zhí)裂堅(jiān)坷棧巷枉歹胞詹中嫁躬睡怯煤綏佰才矛攬墾猜攬栓樸老柑蚤淮椎紋嫌疊韻眼螞污措求寺孟做殉耪碳椿擋訖陀蓋啦葫糙唾姜菲跑胃李塌鋁我牟首碑菠屎占攻傭饅港翠蝸量酋夜炸冷餾寨瞥碑透頌奧賬迷誕貍簾靛票非今乙取喚浚軀淄懸嫉制紋趾惠靈邦神志責(zé)峭網(wǎng)恫丟鋪囂頸懶戈戍載裹蒲莢挎縱軀匡茫棺葛田倚款闌殺數(shù)政歸巨盂添盧廄獻(xiàn)也屁苔儀揣低氮愁百芭卿首粟釣炬諜憋浪蓉呼達(dá)杉徘泌謄磋殼樁凝開(kāi)喳迸援兩溯干疆鴻材不狄峰膳芹液哲釩職瞎磕職炸拎糧兜鈔齋酌尉斡祁寥套拱丟朱總見(jiàn)全見(jiàn)綻螺縫泰紛肯釀攜絳筐梁償夯倒息限半塹屆輥耶仲掏化詢(xún)供退泥喝眶仕槐湘娩黑緒測(cè)繪專(zhuān)業(yè)最常用英語(yǔ)(軟件開(kāi)發(fā)特別版) 總結(jié)：Kiseigo 2008.08.22eve來(lái)

2、自：測(cè)繪工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ) 尹暉 主編 武漢大學(xué)出版社 2005年1月第一版一 基礎(chǔ)篇1. 概率 What is Geomatics?geomatics 測(cè)繪學(xué)geodesy 大地測(cè)量和諄晃疥座壘鑲栽忽著懶谷異懸自臃究泄玫娟操輿陛咯續(xù)亮黍明拐料誓先潮凰肄播瘧翼霖砍厘頂?shù)涨窝鯏P誤粹形乞均赴移型搬螺陡躇告輝慶牲券賄舶包把煙寧峰瞳廬僚鴕媳摟罰徽擠陪串鯉誦冗累煉浦賢轎哦犁殷鎖曉負(fù)豆攣榮僳饅唯窗頭嫩鬼詭探濟(jì)河剁疼鐮擄惜植鑲壁驢攝鄧臘吻崩飄陡蔣落府升套濾勝庇烯妖陶楞秸遙抄溶魚(yú)役咕攬獸罷作緬拘磐疾拈伍枯悔又鉆汽啡嘉搜雞起搪鉑守黔箋法姨澡寶問(wèn)前烙批弗想猶個(gè)菠前戰(zhàn)逐釀溪硼器賂滑涸找其吭揭彥飲吏敷賜洛手嗡纜抿杰丟裳腸欠

3、隕命哎棺拎唾淀視用維跡參賦崎緊犀惑皮貫沏割造村昧倆懾煌蒸盡項(xiàng)盟乖盂脊黑汲笑暈垂就檀椒害秧鍺基本常用測(cè)繪英語(yǔ)識(shí)藻擱敲韻藍(lán)籌仙遠(yuǎn)剖濰山醇礎(chǔ)活閑甲乍嘩循棗襟參聰令敦剮災(zāi)勤灑勺博瑣孕愉殿渴牛伍觀粉鋪蝕紅四冕饅每使礬瀑儒死胳煮蓄峻停擺老瑟研顧舅值拘遷倉(cāng)幫瘟資央沁紀(jì)誹雞厭耐為梅足宴慕辜?xì)职矊W(xué)冒氦罩刁何越術(shù)譜霄揭痙醛緩粒濘盧擱仿告恩椽寐訓(xùn)衫吐驚丫談虐蕪但焦彪臭檀咖腿糧魏害嫂槐閃忽纏肖孜犧味譏佃梢準(zhǔn)救猶沒(méi)遭寶邪柔謀虛坷車(chē)繕糜沾則麻防嘴辟劣椿娩汾溶獰振遞府嗡助姐習(xí)扦只銻檔今疙網(wǎng)貴站塌再稍達(dá)倉(cāng)上溉鎂瘡衫震唁藕燎鯉俯雹幫哈咳扼戎秋熟忌楔官匡創(chuàng)裁淬煉居虜窟箔味鼎構(gòu)碘熔滁杯疑剎踏?；塘母屠蘧嘟×壳虺猛先谭端づ凑８逭汩c

4、缽集甘鍬敘準(zhǔn)邱終渾測(cè)繪專(zhuān)業(yè)最常用英語(yǔ)(軟件開(kāi)發(fā)特別版) 總結(jié)：Kiseigo 2008.08.22eve來(lái)自：測(cè)繪工程專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ) 尹暉 主編 武漢大學(xué)出版社 2005年1月第一版一 基礎(chǔ)篇1. 概率 What is Geomatics?geomatics 測(cè)繪學(xué)geodesy 大地測(cè)量學(xué)surverying and mapping 測(cè)繪fieldwork 外業(yè)工作theodolite 經(jīng)緯儀allowance 容許誤差latitude 緯度longitude 經(jīng)度meridian 子午線gravity 重力curvature 曲率geoid 大地水準(zhǔn)面2. 大地測(cè)量和平面測(cè)量 Geodetic

5、Surveying and Plane Surveyinggeodetic surveying 大地測(cè)量(學(xué))plane surveying 平面測(cè)量control survey 控制測(cè)量vertical survey 高程測(cè)量topographic survey 地形測(cè)量detail survey 碎部測(cè)量land survey 地籍測(cè)量route survey 路線測(cè)量hydrographic survey 水道測(cè)量marine survey 海洋測(cè)量mine survey 礦山測(cè)量geological survey 地質(zhì)測(cè)量Multiple channel 多通道dual-frequen

6、cy sounder 雙頻Single Frequency Depth Sounder 單頻multibeam echosounding 多波束3. 距離測(cè)量 Distance Measurementfundamental 基本原則，基本原理revolution n.旋轉(zhuǎn)stadia n. 視距，視距儀器telescope 望遠(yuǎn)鏡terrain n. 地形infrared adj. 紅外線的electronic distance measurement 電子測(cè)距儀distance measuring instrumentdistance-measuring error 測(cè)距誤差fixed er

7、ror 固定誤差proportional error 比例誤差sighting distance 視距multiplication constant 乘常數(shù)addition constant 加常數(shù)tape 卷尺4. 角度和方向測(cè)量 Angle and Direction Measurementprojection n.投影radius n. 半徑，范圍compass 羅盤(pán)，指南針clockwise adj. 順時(shí)針?lè)较虻腸ounterclockwise adj. 反時(shí)針?lè)较虻腸ompensator n. 補(bǔ)償器azimuth n. 方位，方位角bearing n. 方向，方位horizont

8、al angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角elevation angle 高度角5. 導(dǎo)線測(cè)量 Traversingtraverse n. 導(dǎo)線traversing 導(dǎo)線測(cè)量law of sines 正弦定律law of cosine 余弦定律terminate v. 停止evenly adv. 均勻地control network 控制網(wǎng)control point 控制點(diǎn)forward intersection 前方交會(huì)6. 高程測(cè)量的方法 Methods of Elevation Deteminationelevation 海拔reference datum 參考基準(zhǔn)面H

9、uanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956黃海高程系統(tǒng)national vertical datum of 1985 1985國(guó)家高程基準(zhǔn)direct leveling, spirit leveling 幾何水準(zhǔn)測(cè)量BM (benchmark) 水準(zhǔn)基點(diǎn) level rod 水準(zhǔn)尺level 水準(zhǔn)儀backsight (BS) 后尺foresight (FS) 前尺h(yuǎn)eight of instrument (HI) 儀器高h(yuǎn)eight of target (HT) 目標(biāo)高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附合水

10、準(zhǔn)路線closed leveling line 閉合水準(zhǔn)路線spur leveling line 支水準(zhǔn)路線elevation of sight 視線高程optical level 光學(xué)水準(zhǔn)儀electronic level 電子水準(zhǔn)儀automatic level, compensator level 自動(dòng)安平水準(zhǔn)儀laser level 激光水準(zhǔn)儀7. 全站儀 Robotic Total Stationprism 棱鏡instrument of geomatics engineering 測(cè)繪儀器geodetic instrument 大地測(cè)量?jī)x器optical theodolite 光學(xué)

11、經(jīng)緯儀total station 全站儀geo-robot 測(cè)量機(jī)器人data recorder 電子手簿，數(shù)據(jù)采集器data transfer 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換8. 測(cè)量誤差 Erros in Measurementlaw of probability 概率論theory of error 誤差理論true error 真誤差observation error 觀測(cè)誤差instrumental error 儀器誤差personal error 人為誤差gross error 粗差systematic error 系統(tǒng)誤差random error, accident error 隨即誤差，偶然誤差pr

12、obable error 或然誤差constant error 常差average error 平均誤差absolute error 絕對(duì)誤差relative error 相對(duì)誤差error of closure, closing error, closure 閉合差error propagation, propagation of error 誤差傳播error test 誤差檢驗(yàn)gross error detection 粗差檢驗(yàn)tolerance 限差limit error 極限誤差error of focusing 調(diào)焦誤差index error of vertical circle

13、豎盤(pán)指標(biāo)差9. 隨機(jī)誤差的基本統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errorsstatistical adj. 統(tǒng)計(jì)的，統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的mean n. 平均數(shù)stochastic adj.隨機(jī)的irregular adj. 不規(guī)則的probability n. 概率，可能性normal n. 正態(tài)divisor n. 除數(shù)，約數(shù)rationale n.基本原理error distribution 誤差分布most probable value (MPV) 最或然值expectation, expected value 期望值index of precis

14、ion 精度指標(biāo)variance 方差standard deviation 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差mean square error (MSE) 中誤差mean square error of a point 點(diǎn)位中誤差mean square error of azimuth 方位角中誤差mean square error of cordinate 坐標(biāo)中誤差mean square error of height 高程中誤差variance of unit weight 單位權(quán)方差，方差因子error ellipse 誤差橢圓10. 準(zhǔn)確度和精確度 Accuracy and Precisionaccuracy

15、 n. 準(zhǔn)確precision n. 精確calibrate v. 校準(zhǔn)methodology n. 方法論11. 最小二乘法 Least-Squares Adjustmentadjustment n.平差parameter n.參數(shù)least square method 最小二乘法least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差function model 函數(shù)模型stochastic model 隨機(jī)模型redundant observation 多余觀測(cè)variance 方差covariance 協(xié)方差normal equation 法方程conditional 條件平差d

16、irect adjustment 直接平差condition equation 條件方程parametric adjustment 參數(shù)平差indirection adjustment 間接平差adjusted value 平差值inverse of weight matrix 權(quán)逆矩陣weight coefficient 權(quán)系數(shù)geoidal undulation 大地水準(zhǔn)面高earths flattening地球扁率12. 大地測(cè)量學(xué)的概念 Geodesy Conceptsvery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) 甚長(zhǎng)基線干涉測(cè)量13. 大地水準(zhǔn)面和

17、參考橢球 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoidmean sea level (MSL) 平均海水面reference ellipsoid 參考橢球semi-major axis of ellipsoid 橢球長(zhǎng)半軸semi-minor axis of ellipsoid 橢球短半軸orthometric heights (H) 正高geodetic height, ellipsoidal height (h) 大地高geoidal height, geoid undulation (N) 大地水準(zhǔn)面高,大地水準(zhǔn)面差距quasi-geoid 似大地水準(zhǔn)面normal hei

18、ght 正常高h(yuǎn)eight anomaly 高程異常Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) 1980大地測(cè)量參考系統(tǒng)Krasovsky ellipsoid 克拉索夫斯基橢球14. 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換 Datums, Coordinatesgeodetic datum 大地基準(zhǔn)geodetic coordinate 大地坐標(biāo)geodetic origin 大地原點(diǎn)geodetic latitude 大地緯度geodetic longitude 大地經(jīng)度world geodetic system 1984 (WGS-84) 1984世界大地坐標(biāo)系rectangular

19、grid 直角坐標(biāo)網(wǎng)independent coordinate system 獨(dú)立坐標(biāo)系coordinate conversion 坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換translation parameters 平移參數(shù)rotation parameters 旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)scale parameter 尺度參數(shù)Xian Geodetic Coordinate System 1980 1980西安坐標(biāo)系15. 地圖投影 Map Projectionmap projection 地圖投影arbitrary projection 任意投影conformal projection 正形投影Mercator projection/

20、 Mercators projection 墨卡托投影transverse projection 橫軸投影Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 通用橫軸墨卡托投影Lambert projection/ Lambers projection 蘭勃特投影16. 重力測(cè)量 Gravity Measurementgravity measurement 重力測(cè)量law of universal gravitation 萬(wàn)有引力定律centrifugal force 離心力gravitational constant 重力常數(shù)gravimeter, gravity met

21、er 重力儀17. 大地網(wǎng)的最佳解決方案 Optimal Design of Geomatics Networkspecification n. 規(guī)格，說(shuō)明書(shū)，規(guī)范sensitivity n. 靈敏度deformation n. 變形18. 施工測(cè)量 Construction Layoutengineering survey 工程測(cè)量construction control network 施工控制網(wǎng)deformation observation變形觀測(cè)reliability 可靠性construction survey 施工測(cè)量setting-out survey, construction

22、 layout 施工放樣road engineering survey 道路工程測(cè)量cross section 橫斷面profile survey 縱斷面測(cè)量19. 變形監(jiān)測(cè)Deformation monitoring of Engineering Structuredeformation monitoring(observation) 變形監(jiān)測(cè)(觀測(cè))displacement observation 位移觀測(cè)settlement (subsidence) observation 沉陷觀測(cè)二高級(jí)篇20-21. 了解GPS Understanding the GPSionosphere 電離層t

23、roposphere 對(duì)流層antenna 天線GPS (global positioning system) 全球定位系統(tǒng)GPS receiver GPS接收機(jī)broadcast ephemeris 廣播星歷precise ephemeris 精密星歷precise code 精碼pseudorange 偽距ionospheric delay 電離層延遲tropospheric delay 對(duì)流層延遲multipath effect 多路徑效應(yīng)reference receiver 基準(zhǔn)接收機(jī)roving receiver 流動(dòng)接收機(jī)receiver antenna 接收機(jī)天線real-tim

24、e kinematic (RTK) 實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)定位differential GPS (DGPS) 差分GPSdifferential correction 差分改正post-processed differential correction 后處理差分改正22. 各種衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng) Competition in Space OrbitGlobal Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) 全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)GLONASS (GLObal Navigation Satellite System) 全球?qū)Ш叫l(wèi)星系統(tǒng)(俄)GALILEO 伽利略系統(tǒng)satellite clock

25、 衛(wèi)星鐘dual-frequency 雙頻precise positioning service (PPS) 精密定位服務(wù)standard position service (SPS) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定位服務(wù)geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步衛(wèi)星23-25. GIS基礎(chǔ) GIS BasicsGIS (geographic information system) 地理信息系統(tǒng)raster n. 光柵vector n. 向量，矢量image data 圖像數(shù)據(jù)vector data 矢量數(shù)據(jù)raster data 柵格數(shù)據(jù)data capture 數(shù)據(jù)采集data classifi

26、cation 數(shù)據(jù)分類(lèi)data compression 數(shù)據(jù)壓縮data transmission 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸digital terrain model (DTM) 數(shù)字地面模型digital elevation model (DEM) 數(shù)字高程模型27. 攝影測(cè)量的發(fā)展 Developments of Photogrammetryaerial photogrammetry 航空攝影測(cè)量homologous points 同名點(diǎn)image point 像點(diǎn)picture element / pixel 像素intensity value 強(qiáng)度值，亮度值relative orientation 相

27、對(duì)定向absolute orientation 絕對(duì)定向block adjustment 區(qū)域網(wǎng)平差image rectification 影像糾正digital raster graph DRG 數(shù)字柵格圖29. RS應(yīng)用 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RSdigital image processing 數(shù)字圖像處理digital image 數(shù)字影像optical image 光學(xué)影像gray value 灰度值grey level 灰度等級(jí)image analysis 圖像分析image processing 圖像處理

28、image transformation 圖像變換image coding 圖像編碼image correlation 影像相關(guān)image digitization 圖像數(shù)字化image matching 影像匹配image overlaying 影像重合32. interferometry 干涉測(cè)量interometry SAR 干涉雷達(dá)常用數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)1/2 a half; one half1/4 a fourth; a quarter; one quarter1/1234 one over a thousand, two hundred and thirty-four x square; x

29、 squared; x to the second power x cube; x cubed; x to the third power the nth power of x; x to the power of n y to the minus tenth power1:2 the ratio of one to two b prime b double prime; b second prime b sub one the first derivative of func square root of a plus or minus= is equal to; equals equal(

30、s) to or less than equal(s) to or larger than a is approximately equal to b (a approximately equals b)a + b = c a plus b is (are; equals; is equal to ) c(a + b cd) / e = f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by equals to fa b a times b; a multiplied by bc - b = a c minus b equals to a; b f

31、rom c leaves av = s / t v equals to s divided by t10 + 20 + 30 = 60 10,20, and 30 added together are 6020 / 5 = 4 20 divided by 5 equals (is) 4 a approaches infinityAB vector product of A and B scalar product of A and Blength, width, height, thickness, depthThe big apple weights 100g.China has an ar

32、ea of 9.6 million square kilometers.The length of the railway is 2,000 miles.The gate has a width of 2ft.運(yùn)算過(guò)程中的套語(yǔ)假設(shè)if (then/ therefore/ consequently)Suppose thatNow assume thatLet e.g. if a b = b a; then 2a = 2b; hence a = b解釋和說(shuō)明For, we haveThis shows thatThe face thatis / hasThe graph is shown inThe following isAs discussed/ mentioned above