中考定語從句講義

1、.星概念教育輔導講義學員姓名： 年 級：初二升初三 第 課時 輔導科目：英語 教師： 課 題 定語從句授課時間：08月 日上午07：4009：45備課時間： 7月8日教學內容一、考點聚焦 1、功能：相當于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語2、位置：定語從句置于被修飾詞之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞稱為先行詞（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、

2、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關系詞是等量關系。必須注意兩點：先行詞在從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.關系詞在從句句子中充當了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、關系詞：引導定語從句的都稱關系詞關系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作

3、關系副詞。5、確定關系詞的步驟（1）先找關系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關系詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞帧?、在定語從句中，當先行詞指物時，下列情況的關系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級 序數(shù)詞 數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled hi

4、s bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關系詞在從句中作表語時。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當主句中含有疑問詞which時。Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情況（1）在非限制性定語從句中（2）在關系詞前有介詞時（3）當先行詞本身是that時（4）當關系詞離先行詞較遠時8、關系詞who與that指人時，也有不同情況分別用不同的關系詞（1）當主句是there be句型時，關系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those

5、、someone、everyone、one等詞時，關系詞用who。（3）當主句是who作疑問詞時，關系詞用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。9、whose作關系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the

6、river.10、關系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：區(qū)別such that 引導的結果狀語從句。They are suchlovely children that we love them much.the same that 引導定語從句。I want to use the same tool that y

7、ou used just now.（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“這點正如一樣”。位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、關系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen 指時間 = in / at / on / during whichwhere

8、指地點 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which當先行詞為way、day、reason、time時，可用that作關系副詞。（非正式場合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.當time作先行詞時，關系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.12、必須注意的問題（1）關系詞作主語時，從句中謂語的數(shù)。（2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強調句。定語從句中關系詞作從句成分，復合句。強調it無意義，that / who不是引

9、導詞。強調it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強調句，講不通則不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強調句）（3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。定語從句引導詞被稱為關系詞，that充當主語、賓語、表語。有時可省略。同位語從句引導詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語)We expressed to

10、 them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)（4）關系詞在從句中省略的情況。關系詞作賓語，前無介詞時。關系詞作表語。（5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。（6）關系詞前有介詞或復雜介詞，關系詞只能是which和whom。（7）幾個特殊的定語從句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one為先行詞）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the mat

11、ch.（句中students為先行詞）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.二、精典名題導解選擇填空1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I

12、was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）A.until B.that C.when D.where解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語從句的關系詞的選擇。作好本題的關鍵是要能辨認出該定語從句的先行詞the hours和關系詞被介詞短語to me所分隔。定語從句的先行詞是表時間的名詞hours, 并且關系詞在從句中用作狀語，故應選擇表示時間的關系副詞when。2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET

13、 2001)A.It B.As C.That D.What解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導的非限制定語從句。as作“正如”解時，引導的非限制性定語從句來修飾整個句子。當as在從句中作主語時，常用于下列短語：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關系代詞引導定語從句的用法。3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)A.which B.where

14、C.that D.when解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語從句中關系詞的選擇。定語從句的先行詞是表示地點的名詞短語the small town, 且關系詞不作定語從句中的主語和賓語而作地點狀語，因此定語從句必須用關系副詞where引導。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞郑缓筮x擇適當?shù)年P系詞。4.The English play my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which解析：答案為C?？级ㄕZ從句。主句部分應是The

15、English play at the New Years party was a great success.從句補全為獨立句子應是my students acted in the play。所以應選in which，其余介詞不妥。5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that解析：答案為A。本題考地點狀語從句，用where引導。句意是“她的褲子上她擦過手的地方有臟痕”。此處不能用時間狀語從句，排除C，本題易被誤認為考定語從句，意為“在她擦過手

16、的褲子上有臟痕”。定語從句修飾trousers，也只能用where。B和D可引導定語從句，但只作主、賓等成分。定語從句缺少狀語，不缺主語、賓語，故不可用。6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which解析：答案為A。本題考定語從句，關系代詞which指代the journey，定語從句恢復為獨立句子應是：The sailing time of th

17、e journey was 226 days,故選of which。英語學案之定語從句中考真題練習一、選擇題1.(2010 .河北中考) There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose【解析】選B2.（2010.自貢中考）Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything .A.whoB.whomC.whose【解析】選A3.（2010南京中考）I hear Sam has gone to Qiandiao for

18、 his holiday. -Oh,how nice!Do you know when he_?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left【解析】選A4.(2010.衢州中考)We are trying to help those children _ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province. A. whichB. when C. whoD. whose【解析】選C5.(2010.長沙中考)Do you know the girl _is singing in the classroom?A.whoB.w

19、hichC.when【解析】選A6.（2010通化中考）Jim dislikes people _talk much but never do anything.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who【解析】選D7.（2010揚州中考）The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu. -Yes.They are helping the people _are suffering from the earthquake.A.which B.whatC./D.who【解析】選D8.（2010成都中考）Have you found the ans

20、wer to the question _I asked you this morning?A.whenB.whatC.that【解析】選C9.（2010河南中考）Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA which B what C whom D who【解析】選D10.（2010十堰中考）I began to work in Shanghai in the year _HongKong was returned to China.A.thatB

21、.whichC.whereD.when【解析】選D11. (2009河北中考) Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need.A. what B. who C. whom D. which 【解析】選D?？疾閣hich引導的定語從句。由表示物的先行詞the coat可選出正確答案為D。12. (2009山東中考) This is the novel _ is written by Guo Jingming.A. who B. what C. that D. /【解析】選C。考查關系代詞that引導的定語從句。由表示物的先行詞the novel可排除A、B二項；

22、另因為關系代詞在從句中做主語，所以不能省略，故舍D選C。13. (2009通化中考) Jim dislikes people _ talk much but never do anything.A. whom B. whenC. whose D. who【解析】選D。考查關系代詞who引導的定語從句。先行詞people指人，故正確答案為D。14. (2009德州中考) The girl _ is sitting under the big tree is Lynns cousin.A. whoB. whomC. whose D. which【解析】選A?？疾殛P系代詞who引導的定語從句。由表示

23、人的先行詞The girl可先排除D；另由于該空在句中做主語，故舍B、C二項，選A。15. (2009河南中考) Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill always remember the people _ have helped me.A. who B. what C. which D. where【解析】選A。考查關系代詞who引導的定語從句。由表示人的先行詞the people可排除B、C、D三項，故選A。16. (2009紹興中考) The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disea

24、se _ has caused many deaths.A. who B. which C. whom D. what【解析】選B?？疾殛P系代詞which引導的定語從句。由表示物的先行詞a disease可知要用關系代詞which，故排除A、C、D三項，選B。17. (2009綿陽中考) Disney is an amusement park _ you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters.A. which B. where C. that D. when【解析】選B?？疾閣here引導的定語

25、從句。由表示地點的先行詞an amusement park可排除A、C、D三項，故選B。18. (2009東營中考) The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. what B. whose C. who D. which【解析】選C?？疾殛P系代詞who引導的定語從句。由指人的先行詞The young lady可排除A、B、D三項，故選C。19. (2009孝感中考) The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it. A. what B.

26、/ C. that D. it 【解析】選C?？疾殛P系代詞that引導的定語從句。先行詞skirt指物，故正確答案為C。20. (2009蘭州中考) I like the teacher _ classes are very interesting and creative.A. which B. who C. what D. whose【解析】選D?？疾殛P系代詞whose引導的定語從句。結合題意“我很喜歡那個老師，他的課非常有趣，非常有創(chuàng)意”可知關系代詞在句中作classes的定語，故排除A、B、C三項，選D。21. (2008廈門中考) Jack, there is someone in

27、the office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom 【解析】選A。考查who引導的定語從句。由指人的先行詞someone知答案選A。22. (2008河南中考) Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what【解析】選B。考查which引導的定語從句。由指物的先行詞Shaolin Temple可選B。23. (2

28、008陜西中考) We should give love to the children _ lost their parents in the earthquake (地震).A. who B. whom C. those D. which 【解析】選A。考查who引導的定語從句。由指人的先行詞the children可選A。24. (2008哈爾濱中考) -The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isnt it?-Yes, it has built many schools _ those children can study

29、happily.A. where B. when C. which【解析】選A?？疾閣here引導的定語從句。由指地點的先行詞schools可直接選A。25. (2008咸寧中考) -There are many volunteers _ are helping the children in Sichuan.-And most of them are college students.A. which B. when C. whose D. who【解析】選D。考查who引導的定語從句。由題中表示人的先行詞volunteers可排除A、B、C三項，所以選D。26. (2008長沙中考) -W

30、hat are you looking for? -I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B. which C. whose 【解析】選B?？疾閣hich引導的定語從句。先行詞the book指物，故答案是B。27. (2008恩施中考) We know Jackie Chan _ movies are very popular with the young.A. whose B. that C. who D. which【解析】選A?？疾閣hose引導的定語從句。由表示人的先行詞Jackie Chan可先排除D；另結合題

31、意“我們都知道成龍，他的電影非常受年輕人歡迎”可知填作定語的關系代詞，故排除B、C二項，選A。28. (2008衡陽中考) Is this university_ your elder brother will choose this year?A. the one B. that C. where 【解析】選A29. (2008梧州中考) -Do you know the boy _ is standing under the tree? -Yes. Hes Peter. Hes new in our class. A. where B. what C. who D. whose【解析】選C

32、?？疾閣ho引導的定語從句。由指人的先行詞man可直接選C。定語從句專練單項選擇. 從題后所給四個選項中選擇最佳答案填入空白處。1.Mr. Li is an English teacher _ loved playing soccer.A. whoB. whomC. heD. which2. We called the man _ had promised to help us.A. he B. thatC. whomD. which3. The coat _ he is wearing today was bought by his aunt.A. whatB. whereC. who D.

33、 that4. The place _ he works is in the factory.A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. in where5. Thats the most beautiful place _ I have ever _.A. where; visitedB. that; visitC. where; visitD. that; visited6. I dont know the boy _.A. whom you often talkB. you often talk withC. with who you often talkD. that y

34、ou often talk7. Look! The boy _ name is Simon is playing soccer with his friends.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. whom8. All _ they have done is good for us.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. that9. I want to go to some places _ its cool in summer.A. thoseB. whichC. whereD. this10. Saturday is the day _ people can hav

35、e a rest.A. thatB. at whichC. on whichD. on that11. She is new here, there are no friends _ she can _ turn for help in the city.A. whomB. to whomC. whichD. to which12. He is one of the boys _ basketball well.A. whom playB. whom playsC. who playD. who plays13. The fence in our garden, _ my father bui

36、lt many years ago, has lasted for a long time.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. where14. Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.A. thatB. whenC. during whichD. at which15. I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late.A. whyB. thatC. howD. what16. There are two caps on the table, _ belongs to Tom.A. the smaller of whichB. the small of whichC. the smaller of themD. the small one17. My brother had become a doctor, _ was what he wanted to be.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which18. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. wh