2003年職稱英語等級考試衛(wèi)生A試題及答案

1、2003年職稱英語等級考試衛(wèi)生A試題及答案第1部分：詞匯選擇1The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A. inventedB. explainedC. consideredD. accepted2.He talks tough but has a tender heart.A. heavyB. strongC. wildD. kind3.It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A. makingB. takingC. expec

2、tingD. discussing4.Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A. wasteB. buyC. sellD. use5.The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A. functionB. abilityC. volumeD. power6.Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A. tenselyB. nearlyC. closelyD. carefully7.Her fa

3、ith upheld her in times of sadness.A. excitedB. supportedC. inspiredD. directed8.The book provides a concise analysis of the countrys history.A. cleanB. perfectC. briefD. real9.It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A. suggestedB. warnedC.

4、confirmedD. stated10.The council meeting terminated at 2 oclock.A. beganB. continuedC. resumedD. ended11.A red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A. substituteB .signC. proofD. target12.However bad the situation is , the majority is unwilling to risk change.A. eagerB. reluctantC. pleasedD. a

5、ngry13.It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A. controlB. limitC. replaceD. offset14.The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A. investigateB. denyC. stressD. create15.The steadily ri

6、sing cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A. suddenlyB. graduallyC. excessivelyD. exceptionally第2部分：閱讀判斷閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑Using HIV Virus to Cure CancerSci

7、entists are planning to use human immunodeficiency(免疫缺陷)virus(HIV), one of mankinds most feared viruses, as a carrier of genes which can fight cancer and a range of diseases that cannot be cured. The experts say HIV has an almost perfect ability to avoid the bodys immune(免疫的)defenses, making it idea

8、l for carrying replacement genes into patients bodies, according to the Observer.A team at the California-based Salk Institute, one of the worlds leading research centers on biological sciences, has created a special new breed of HIV and has started negotiations with the US Food and Drug Administrat

9、ion(FDA)to begin clinical gene therapy(治療) trials this year. The first trials are expected to involve patients suffering from cancers that cannot be cured by surgery although project leader Professor Inder Verma said the HIV technique would have” far wider applications”.The plan remains very likely

10、to cause controversy since it involves making use of a virus which has caused more than 22 million deaths around the world in the past two decades. Verma said that the idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose was “shocking” but the fierce nature of HIV had disappeared by having all six of the pote

11、ntially deadly genes removed.Illnesses such as various cancers are caused when a gene in a patients body fails to work properly. In the past two years, breakthroughs in genetics(遺傳學)have led gene therapy scientists to try and replace the genes that do not function normally.Unfortunately, the bodys i

12、mmune defenses have been known to attack the modified genes and make them lose their effects before they can start their task and progress in the field has been held up by the lack of a suitable carrier. The HIV virus has the ability to escape from, and then destroy, the immune defense cells designe

13、d to protect our bodies and this makes it attractive to scientists as a way of secretly conveying replacement genes into patients bodies.1 FDA has approved the plan of using HIV to cure cancer in humans. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 2 The idea of using HIV for a beneficial purpose has been widely

14、 accepted. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 3 HIV can be safely used to cure cancer only if the deadly genes have been removed. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 4 The HIV virus is an excellent warrior to fight the bodys immune cells. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 5 Other countries are also expected

15、to begin clinical gene therapy trials soon. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 6 It is the lack of money that has held up the progress in using replacement genes to cure cancer. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 7 The HIV virus has caused more deaths in developed countries. A Right B Wrong C Not mentione

16、d 第3部分：概括大意與完成句子Exercising Your Memory 1 Aging does not mean a dramatic decline in memory power, unless you help it help by letting your mind go.2 Thats not to say that memory doesnt change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are store

17、d. One system divides it up as short-term (less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance), long-term (over a period of years) and very long-term memory (over a lifetime).3 Short-term memory isnt mastered until about age 7, but after that you never lose it. Long-te

18、rm memory, however, involves more effort and skill and changes through life. Its not until the early teens that most people develop a mature long-term memory.4 First, we must get information into our heads through learning. Learning strategies can get rusty (生銹的，遲鈍的) without constant use. High schoo

19、l and college students, who are forced to repeatedly exercise their long-term memory abilities (at least long-term enough to get them through a final exam), usually do well on memory tests. The longer you stay in school, the more chance you get to polish your learning skills. Its no wonder that more

20、 highly educated people have more effective memory skills throughout life.5 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active - reading, discussing, taking classes, thinking - and those wh

21、o do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity.6 The next part of a healthy long-term memory is retention（保持力，記憶力）, the ability to store what you ha

22、ve learned. Memory researchers still do not know whether memories are lost - whether they still exist in the brain nut our mental searching cannot turn them up, or have disappeared entirely as our brain ages. 7 The third necessity for memory is recall, the ability to mind the memories we have stored

23、. Again, while aging has widely different effects on the recall abilities of different people, research indicates that the older we get, the longer it takes to recall facts. But slower recall is still recall. In fact, aging does not seem to have any effect on forgetting at all, which takes place at

24、the same rate in younger and older people. 23. Paragraph 3_ 24. Paragraph 4 _25. Paragraph 5_26. Paragraph 6 _ A. Effects of aging on a persons recall abilityB. short-term memory versus long-term memoryC. retention as the second necessity for memoryD. like between learning strategies and effective m

25、emory skills E. Significance of exercising your musclesF. importance of staying intellectually active 27. Retention refers to _.28. The rate of forgetting is the same _.29. Remembering something all your life _.30. Exercising your brain every day is beneficial _. A. to the proper function of your me

26、mory B. is called long-term memory C. the capacity to store what you have learned D. belongs to every long-term memory E. the ability to remain mentally healthy F. for younger and older people第4部分：閱讀理解第一篇 First AidFirst aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillf

27、ul medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway(氣道),and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victims condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be administered as quic

28、kly as possible. In the case of the critically injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.First-aid measures depend upon a victims needs and the providers level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing wh

29、at to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱的) injury and paralysis(癱瘓).Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if

30、 conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured persons family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and preexist

31、ing conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病) or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical bracelet(手鐲) or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or th

32、e victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victims condition is known by the acronym(首字母縮寫詞) ABC, which stands for:A- Airway: is it open and clear?B- Bre

33、athing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.C-Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding externally? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.31.First aid may bring about all the following results EXPECTA. saving a victi

34、ms life.B. preventing a victims condition from getting worse.C. relieving a victim from pain.D. helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury. 32.Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for usA. to make sure what to do and what not to do.B. to refer to all kinds of handboo

35、ks on first aid.C. to remove the ring or bracelet he may be wearing.D. to take him to a hospital at once. 33.In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of allA. remove him from the accident scene.B. turn him over.C. call for professional medical help.D. examine him carefully. 34.You ma

36、y assess a victims condition by all the following EXPECTA. checking whether there is a pulse.B. looking ,listening and feeling for breathing.C. replacing his medical bracelet or card.D. examining whether the airway is open and clear. 35.The purpose of the passage is to tell the readerA. the importan

37、ce of protecting the accident scene.B. some basic facts about first aid.C. what professional medical help is.D. who can administer first aid. 第二篇 Stress at Work and Still Healthy The term could yet become the word of the year; stress is on everyones lips these days and everywhere. Not only managers,

38、 officials and teachers are complaining nowadays, housewives, children and pensioners now also have their own problems. They too sacrifice themselves for others, feel under-or overworked and quickly lose their inner balance. Irritation, tiredness and exhaustion quickly follow. But that is only the n

39、egative aspect. Stress, after all, is also linked to positive terms such as joy of life, tension and vitality(活力).“Firstly, stress is healthy,” says Wolfgang Stehling from Eltvelle. The doctor and management consultant says:” It occurs when the body loses its inner balance, but then stress hormones

40、are produced to re-establish the balance.” Thus stress is nothing more than a positive reaction of the body to pressure. It is unavoidable as part of our nature: ”There is no such thing as a stress-free life.”But whether stress leads to tensions in the mind or to tenseness of the muscles depends on

41、the duration（持續(xù)時間）, its cause or causes and the sufferers personal situation. People who have trouble sleeping or suffer from bad moods or simply the flu will not be on top of the world and will take every little strife as negative stress. Others, people who feel refreshed at every new turn, are rel

42、axed and successful, will view a difficult round of negotiations or competition at work more as a positive challenge than a cross to bear.Exercise, healthy eating and relaxing are thus the three pillars by which stress can be conquered almost every time. These factors form a unit, explains Marita Vo

43、elker-Albert, spokeswoman for the governments Nutrition Advice Center in Cologne. Its campaign “Gut Drauf” (Feeling Good) is targeted at young people. The government agencys research suggests that three out of four adolescents feel tired, overtaxed(負擔過重)and under stress. Eating disorders and complai

44、nts such as migraines(偏頭痛)and indigestion(消化不良),nervousness and concentration problems have increased among 12- to 16-year-olds.But even the best solutions dont work if they are not put into practice, says Stehling. Anybody who goes jogging regularly, practices yoga(瑜伽功)and prescribes good literatur

45、e as a cure for negative stress, may well end up under more pressure as he tries to find the time for it all. Sometimes, says the consultant, it helps to take time out to reduce stress levels over a weekend.36.Which of the following is NOT a correct view on stress?A. Stress has both positive and neg

46、ative aspects.B. Stress is only a positive reaction of the body to pressure.C. Stress only leads to serious problems.D. Stress is unavoidable as part of our nature. 37. A person who has lost his inner balance may soon feelA. fit and healthy.B. under-or overworked.C. relaxed and happy.D. irritated, t

47、ired and exhausted. 38. Who will easily take every little strife as negative stress?A. Those who suffer from the flu.B. Those who are in good moods.C. Those who are successful.D. Those who feel refreshed at every new turn.39. All the following complaints are said to have increased among children age

48、d 12 to 16 EXPECTA. painful headache.B. indigestion.C. nervousness and concentration problems.D. loss of memory.40. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cure for negative stress?A. Reading good literature.B. Practicing yoga.C. Having a healthy diet.D. Working overtime.第三篇 Is the New

49、s Believable?Unless you have gone through the experience yourself, or watched a loved ones struggle, you really have no idea just how desperate cancer can make you. You pray, you rage, you bargain with God, but most of all you clutch at any hope, no matter how remote, of a second chance at life.For

50、a few excited days last week, however, it seemed as if the whole world was a cancer patient and that all humankind had been granted a reprieve(痛苦減輕) . Triggered by a front-page medical news story in the usually reserved New York Times, all anybody was talking about- on the radio, on television, on t

51、he Internet, in phone calls to friends and relatives-was the report that a combination of two new drugs could , as the Times put it, “cure cancer in two years.”In a matter of hours patients had jammed their doctors phone lines begging for a chance to test the miracle cancer cure. Cancer scientists r

52、aced to the phones to make sure everyone knew about their research too, generating a new round of headlines.The time certainly seemed ripe for a breakthrough in cancer. Only last month scientists at the National Cancer Institute announced that they were halting a clinical trial of a drug called tamo

53、xifen (他莫昔芬) - and offering it to patients getting the placebo(安慰劑) -because it had proved so effective at preventing breast cancer (although it also seemed to increase the risk of uterine(子宮的) cancer). Two weeks later came the New York Times report that two new drugs could shrink tumors of every va

54、riety without any side effects whatsoever.It all seemed too good to be true, and of course it was. There are no miracle cancer drugs, at least not yet. At this stage all the drug manufactures can offer is some very interesting molecules, and the only cancers they have cured so far have been in mice.

55、 By the middle of last week, even the TV talk-show hosts who talked most about the news had learned what every scientist already knew : that curing a disease in lab animals is not the same as doing it in humans. “The history of cancer research has been a history of curing cancer in the mouse,” Dr. R

56、ichard Klausner, head of the National Cancer Institute, told the Los Angeles Times. “We have cured mice of cancer for decades-and it simply didnt work in people.”41.According to the passage, a person suffering from cancer willA. give up any hope.B. pray for the health of his loved ones.C. seize every chance of survival.D. go out of his way to help others.42. The unprecedented interest in the cure of cancer was aroused byA. a nationwide discussion of the topic.B. an announcement by the National Cancer Institute.C. a