國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)試題

1、湘潭大學(xué)2006年下學(xué)期2005級(jí)國際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)課程期末考試（B卷）學(xué)院 專業(yè) 班級(jí) 學(xué)號(hào) 姓名 考試時(shí)間 120分鐘 考試方式 閉卷 考試成績 一、寫出下列縮寫的完整形式(每題1分,共10分)EC_ IAEA_KEDO_OAU_ TMD_ EMS_IMF_NATO_OPEC_ CFSP_二、把下列英文短語和句子翻譯為漢語(共70分)A短語(每題0.5分,共10分)1. The Axis Power_2. Meiji Restoration_ 3. Economic viability _ 4. Bubble economy_5. The Big Bang_ 6. stock-swap tra

2、nsaction mechanism_ 7. Davos World Economic Forum_8. The robber mentality_ 9. Industrial syndicates_ 10. Nuclear, chemical, and biologically weapons_ 11. Popular mind_ 12. New World Order_13. Incumbent party_ 14. zero-sum game_15. Political temper_16. military-industrial complex_17. Territorial disp

3、utes_18. Mutual confidence_19. Status quo_ 20. Territorial and power ambitions_ B句子(每題6分,共60分)1. Optimism, yes. But Japans economic revolution will not succeed without a fight. A great deal of resistance remains in some Japanese circles-justifiably so. The revolutionary changes in the Japanese econo

4、mic will not bring growth right away. Nor will they end the economic ups and downs anytime soon. The speed and efficacy of these reforms will largely depend on how companies and consumers implement them.2. A Russia that works for its citizens and plays a constructive role in world politics will be a

5、 Russia that has chosen well. To achieve such an outcome, a new set of rules must be established. The most important step is to separate business from political power in order to fight corruption.3. The present system of economic management, where most large enterprises are run by insiders who disre

6、gard the owners rights, must be radically reformed. Bankruptcy laws should be fully enforced to help eliminate incompetent managers, crooks, who are unable to adapt to market realities. Enterprises that hold on to workers and produce nothing but debts should be closed or sold. 4. The Third World wil

7、l be defined as a group of countries which have colonial histories and which are in the process of developing economically and socially from a status characterizes by low incomes, dependence on agriculture, weakness in trading relations, social deprivations for large segments of society, and restric

8、ted political and civil liberties.5. However, there was an important deviation from this perception of the worlds economic divisions. Chinas Mao Tse-tung produced a very different categorization in which USA and the USSR constituted the first world, Japan, the European countries and Canada constitut

9、ed the second world, while Africa, Latin America and most of Asia formed the third world. 6. Pluralist theory acknowledges that democratic capitalist societies, including the United States, are not purely democratic; that is, they do not operate by pure majority rule, But, according to pluralism, de

10、mocratic capitalist societies offer about as much political democracy as is practical in a modern, organizationally and technologically complex world.7. According to pluralist theory, modern capitalist societies are not organic communities that can be ruled by any single majority .Rather, they are t

11、echnologically complex, specialized societies, organized around competing economic, social, and political interests.Desirable or not, rule by a majority in such societies is structurally unlikely, if not impossible.8. The lack of any real interest in European cooperation before the Second World War

12、is revealed in the functioning of the League of Nations. Established in 1919 to provide for international collective security, in practice it was dominated by the Europeans and had some potential as a forum for developing understandings and improving relationships between the European states.9. It f

13、ailed, and did so for three main reasons , First, its aims were vague and were interpreted in different ways .Second, it was intergovernmental in its structure and therefore dependent on the agreement of all member states before any action could be taken .Third, and crucially, the states wanted diff

14、erent things from it;10. Although change is spreading throughout Japan, revolutionary reforms are most prominent in two new sectors of the economy: communications and technology, the same two sectors driving growth in the United States, which herald a transformation of Japans entire economic structu

15、re.三閱讀理解(每題1分,共20分)Passage 1 Many in the Middle East having difficulty in adjusting themselves to the new situation created by the departure of the imperial powers. For the first time in almost 200yeras, the rulers and peoples of the Middle East arte having to accept the final responsibility for the

16、ir own affaires to make their own mistakes and to accept the consequences. This is difficult to internalize, even to perceive, after so long a period. For the entire lifetimes of those who formulate and conduct policy at the present time and of their predecessors for many generations, vital decision

17、s were made elsewhere, ultimate control lay elsewhere, and the principle task of statesmanship and diplomacy was as far as possible to avoid or reduce the dangers of this situation and to exploit such opportunities as it might from time to time offer. It is very difficult to forsake the habits not j

18、ust of a lifetime but of a whole era of history. The difficulty is much greater when alien culture, social and economic preeminence continues and even increases, despite the ending of alien political and military domination. Military and to a growing extent political intervention by the West has ind

19、eed ended, but the impact of its science and culture, its technology, amenities and institutions remains and even increases. As in other parts of the non-Western world, this impact has been and will be enormous. In these circumstances, it is natural that Middle Easterners should continue to assume a

20、nd proceed on the assumption -that real responsibility and decision still lie elsewhere. In its crudest form, this belief leads to wild and strange conspiracy theories directed against those whom they regard as their enemies-Israel, and more generally the Jews, the United States, and more generally

21、the West. No theory is too absurd to be asserted or too preposterous to be widely and instantly believed. Eave among more responsible statesmen and analysts, a similar belief in alien power, albeit in a less crude form, often seems to guide both analysis and policy. Some even go so far as to invite

22、outside intervention, presumable in the belief that only outside powers have the capacity to make and enforce decisions. A case in point is the constant appeal to the United States to involve itself in the Arab-Israel conflict, oddly coupled with the repeated accusation of “:American imperialism.”Th

23、is state of mind is likely to continue for some time, with appeals for support or even intervention to the United States, to Russia and even to the European Union. In time, no doubt, Middle Eastern governments and peoples will learn how to use this window of opportunity to the best advantage-that is

24、, of course, if the window remains open long enough. 1. The word “this” in the third sentence of Para.1 refers to_.A. The departure of the imperial powersBThe final responsibility of the Middle Eastern countries for their own affairs CThe consequence created by the departure of the imperial powersDT

25、he fact that the Middle Eastern countries have to be responsible for their own affairs2. The Middle Eastern countries were at a loss after the departure of the imperial powers because _.A. they were rather backward and in bad need of foreign assistanceB. they were accustomed to being ruled by an ali

26、en forceC. they were plunged into war after the departure of the imperial powers D. the imperial powers left them nothing but disorder3It is natural for Middle Easterners to assume that_.A. their real enemies are the Western countriesB. no countries can save them but their ownC. it is up to their le

27、aders, not the ordinary people, to make decisionsD. other countries should come to their help in times of urgency 4. The fact that the Middle Eastern countries often rely on the United States in resolving their conflicts shows that they believe that _.A. American imperialists still have control over

28、 the world affairsB. outside powers are more capable of effective decisions C. they are weaker than Israel and cannot defeat itD. Israel is assisted and manipulated by the United States 5. The author implied in the passage that_.A. it takes time for the Middle Easterners to adjust themselves to the

29、new situation B. the world will be more peaceful if each country learns to care about its own businessC. most of the unrest in the Middle East is attributable to Israels aggressive polices D. the Western powers should stop interfering with other countries affairs Passage 2The American Revolution was

30、 not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright r

31、evolution. During the conflict itself people went on working and playing, marrying and praying. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated communities scarcely knew that a war was on.Americas war of impendence heralded the birth of three modern na

32、tions. One was Canada, which received its first large influx of English-speaking population from the thousands of loyalists who fled there from the United States. Another was Australia, which became a penal colony now that America was no longer available for prisoners and debtors. The third newcomer

33、s -the United States -based itself squarely on republican principles. Yet even the political overturn was not so revolutionary as one might suppose. In some state, notably Connecticut and Rhode Island, the war largely ratified a colonial self-rule already existing. British officials everywhere ouste

34、d were replaced by a home-grown governing class, which promptly sought a local substitute for king and Parliament.6. In the first paragraph, what does the author suggest about the French and Russian Revolutions?A. They were explosive and abruptB. They were ineffective.C. They involved only those peo

35、ple living in urban areas.D. They led to the release of all political prisoners.7. In the first paragraph ,what does the author mean by “people went on working and praying ,marrying and playing ?” A. Most people got married than divorced.B. The war created new jobs.C. Life went on as usual.D. People

36、 had more than enough leisure time. 8. In the second paragraph, the author states that the colonies struggle for self-government preceded the creation of all of the following countries EXCEPT_.A. Canada B. The United States C. Australia D. The United Kingdom9. Which of the following would be the bes

37、t title for the passage?A. The United States: An Isolated Community B. Breathtaking Events During the American RevolutionC. Canada and the American War of IndependenceD. The American Revolution: Evolution Not Revolution10. What will the paragraph following the passage most probably discuss?A. The tr

38、ansport of prisoners to Australia.B. The creation of new state government.C. Events leading up to the American Revolution.D. How Canada and the United States became friends.Passage3Because Ireland is an island geographically near the mainland of the united kingdom, English rulers have fought since t

39、he middle ages to retain political control over it .Attracted by the lush farmland ,English and Scottish landowners settled there, and in time of famine or political unrest ,the local workers suffered, while their landlords were cushioned by their wealth .The history of modern Ireland is, in fact, l

40、argely a story of antagonism and resentment between the Irish and their English and Scottish rulers. Since the 1920s, Ireland has been divided into two parts: Northern Ireland (U1ster) and the Republic of Ireland (Eire). The north is still part of the United Kingdom and is predominantly Protestant;

41、the south is an independent republic and is mainly Catholic. The majority in U1ster accept this political compromise, but the active and mainly Catholic minority are fighting for union with the independent republic of Southern Ireland .The IRA ,the Irish Republican Army ,have mounted bombing campaig

42、ns on military and civil targets in U1ster and England ,they have sent letter-bombs to public figures ,they have shot fellow Irishmen who support the British or belong to opposing, and now equally militant Protestant groups ,As a result of this ,the British have stationed an army in Belfast ,the IRA

43、 have been outlawed, and several of them have spent many years in prison or have died in support of their case .Whether the violence and repression is justifiable ,and whether the violence that could result from political change would be worthwhile are the controversial issues that divide everybody

44、involved. 11. This outline suggest that the central problem is _A. many centuries old B. about three centuries oldC. about sixty years old D. a few years old12. It suggests that the central problem is relationships between_A. Britain and Ireland B.U1ster and EireC. Catholics and Protestants D. The I

45、rish Republican Army and U1ster13. The suggests IRA is_A. part of the British B. part of the Ulster police forceC. a group of militant priests D. a terrorist organization 14. Bomb attacks occur_A. only in England B. only in military buildings C. in England and Northern Ireland D. when public figures

46、 talk about Ireland15. The write feels that the controversy is about_A. the use of violence B. political change C. injustice D. freedomPassage 4 World War initiated the concept of “total war”-a war that involved all, civilians and military alike, in the war effort. This was not really new. Lazare Ca

47、rnot had anticipated it during the French revolution with his call for “a nation in arms.” But never before World war had nation been required to draw so heavily upon the total human resources available to them. In each county, there was a propaganda effort to portray every person in the state as pe

48、rsonally involves in the struggle being waged. In the United States, “Rosie the Riveter” was as much a part of the picture as “G.I.Joe.” the German “Rosies” were not so likely as their American counterparts to be working as riveters, but from 1942 on, they and their children were to face terrors of

49、war as severe as those experienced by their front-line soldiers. Shivering from fear of being buried alive in the cellars that served as air-raid shelters, they had to emerge from those areas of modest security to extinguish the fire bombs that sizzled in the attics above before entire houses were i

50、ncinerated. Each explosive bomb that fell could mean life or death for each person who heard it coming, depending on where it fell and how bug it was.There is no rational way of rendering judgment on the moral aspects of the Allied bombing. It did, of course, kill Nazis and ant-Nazis alike; women ha

51、d children as well as men; prisoners of war and foreign workers as well as German s; professors, artists, musicians, and farmers, as well as in munitions factories. And the mode of death, as will be seen, was often shocking and gruesome. But it is faulty to assume that without the bombing all those

52、who perished would have survived and would have met death more peacefully. Land invasion would have meant the ravaging of cities by heavy artillery, tanks, and flame throwers, the desperate flight of thousands of civilians (which indeed occurred on Germany eastern front), and the ultimate collapse o

53、f all forces of order, with internecine fighting, famine, and disease as likely accompaniments. Neither can one assume that more churches, famous monuments, paintings, library books, and the culture wealth they destroyed is a credit to their humanitarian sensitivities. But sentiments of revulsion ar

54、e more appropriately directed at war itself, which inevitably brutalizes those involved, destroys normal sensitivities, and opens the way to rape, pillage, and want of destruction. A “clean,” “humane” war is an impossibility. 16. World War Two is particular in that it _.A. anticipated the arrival of

55、 new age in war-wagingB.victimized the ordinary people and soldiers alike on unprecedented scalesC. made the aggressors suffer more than the aggressedD. used the propaganda to get the civilians into it without hesitation17. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that “Rosie the Riveter” was _.A

56、 picture used in the war propagandaB. the mane of an American hero during the warC. a person who was dragged into the warD. a German-born work(每題0.5分,共10分)er who escaped to America during the war18. In the second paragraph, the author seems to consider the Allied bombing on Germany_.A. imprudent B. immoralC. justified D. reckl