近三年英語高考安徽卷單項選擇試題分析及解題指導

1、近三年英語高考單項選擇試題分析及解題指導摘要：作為高考的一個重要題型，單項選擇主要用來考查考生英語基礎知識和基本語法掌握的情況，考查學生應用英語的能力。近幾年來，隨著課改的深入，該題型在考查內容上正在發(fā)生微妙的變化。本文對近三年英語高考卷單項選擇題進行對比分析，總結出該題型的命題特點，探討有效的解題方法，希望給復習備考一點啟示。單項選擇以其“覆蓋面廣、重點突出”的特點，備受各級各類考試的青睞，并被廣泛的采用。就目前我國英語教學的實際情況來看，大量的時間被用來講授詞匯和語法知識，學生平時操練最多的也是單項選擇題。因此，分析該題型考查內容和命題特點，研究近年來該題型的命題趨勢，探討解題方法和技巧，

2、對于教師的教學和考生的備考，具有一定的意義。本文試圖對近三年英語高考單項選擇題進行對比分析，總結出該題型的命題特點，探討有效的解題方法，進而期望給復習備考一點啟示。一、考查內容縱觀高考英語單項選擇近三年的試題，考查內容涉及語用知識、語法、詞匯和句子四個層面的內容。語用知識主要考查情景交際；語法包括時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、主謂一致等知識點；詞匯包括情態(tài)動詞、動詞短語辨析、形容詞、副詞、冠詞、代詞、連詞、名詞、系動詞等詞類；句子包括各類從句（名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句）和特殊句式（倒裝句、強調句）等。剖析2010-2012年單項選擇考查內容及題量和2010-2012年單項選擇考查內容的分布情況

3、（見后表）。從表中可以看出，近三年高考英語單項選擇題每年的考點相對穩(wěn)定，在所列的全部18項中，每年都考查了其中的11項，語用知識（交際用語）、動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)、動詞短語辨析、非謂語動詞、情態(tài)動詞、形容詞和副詞、介詞、冠詞、代詞、定語從句、名詞性從句每年必考。在考查基本語法，詞匯知識和交際用語時，通過設置語境，將知識與語義的考查有機結合，重點語言知識運用試題的題干設計語言更加靈活簡潔，語境意義更加豐富；突出了重基礎、重運用、靈活性強的考查方式；考點分布更廣。另外，為了更好地引導中學英語教學，使師生們更加注重基礎，注重教材，試題大膽從教材中挖掘命題材料，比如語法與詞匯知識部分的29) A lot

4、of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. it C. which D. this 其素材完全是來自教材突出，難易程度適中。考查的重點集中在動詞，由此可以看出，對動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)、動詞短語辨析、情態(tài)動詞、非謂語動詞的考查，占了近一半，因此在日常教學中，應對動詞給予充分的重視。二、試題設計（一）語料選擇近三年的選擇題的語料與人

5、們的生活密切相關，呈現(xiàn)時事性強的趨勢。（二）題干和選項分析1、2010年單項選擇總詞數為379個，2011年單項選擇總詞數為404個，2012年單項選擇總詞數為397個。題干的長度大都介于10-20個單詞，短一點的為9-10個單詞。2、題干和選項中的單詞沒有超綱詞匯。3、題干中的空格數為1-2個。大多數題目只考查一個知識點，因此題干設置一個空格。有些題目考查一個知識點，但題干有兩個空格，比如考查冠詞的題目通常同時考查不定冠詞、定冠詞、和零冠詞或者其中的兩個，那么題干有兩個空格。另一些題目的題干設置兩個空格是因為該題目同時考查兩個知識點，比如同時考強調句型和定語從句。4、每題選項的長度受考查內容

6、的影響。如考查形容詞或介詞等題目的選項均為一個單詞，但考查動詞一般以一個動詞搭配幾個不同的介詞（如：break down、 break out、 break up、 break in）或者一個介詞搭配幾個不同的動詞（put up 、pick up、 keep up、 break up）三、命題趨勢 通過對2010年至2012年高考中單項選擇題的對比分析，可以得出高考卷命題的兩大趨勢：一、從題目構成的情況看，進一步淡化單純考查語法知識，強化在一定的語境中考查知識點，從而達到考查考生靈活應用語言的能力；二、從知識點的考查來看，首先動詞永遠是該大題考查的重點，且考查面廣，包括時態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、非

7、謂語動詞及動詞短語，其次，交際用語也是必考點，且交際用語逐漸成為考查熱點(近三年每都考2010考了兩道題2011考了三題，2012考了兩題)四、應試策略一般情況下，可以用以下方法解答單項選擇題：1.直接選擇法有些單選題簡單易懂，答案也是一目了然，考查的僅僅是語言點。直接選擇法就是考生憑已掌握的知識和語感直接選出正確答案。2.語境定義法 語言基礎知識的考查不能脫離一定的語境。將單純的語法語言知識放置于一定的語言環(huán)境中進行考查是高考英語測試的趨勢。語境定義法就是要求考生根據上下文語境，明確句中的暗示，找到句中的關鍵詞，然后推斷出正確答案。3.化繁為簡法 命題者有時為了增加題目的難度會在本來簡單的題

8、干上加上很多附加成分，從而增強題目的干擾力度?；睘楹喎ň褪且罂忌屑氶喿x題干，認真分析句子結構，去除多余部分，找出句子的主干，確定正確答案。解答此類題目要求考生具有增強的分析句子成分的能力。4.還原復位法在考試中，經常會遇到比較難的句子，它們或是以問句的形式出現(xiàn)，或是以省略句等形式出現(xiàn)，這給理解句子意義造成了困難。還原復位法就是把上述較難的句式還原成容易理解的“主謂賓”結構，這樣就能很容易地選出正確答案。5.克服母語干擾法由于文化的差異，中英文都有各自獨特的約定俗成的表達方式。命題者正是利用這種差異來設置陷阱，造成考生的誤選。要克服母語的干擾，考生在平時的學習中要注意了解兩個不同民族的交際

9、習慣，歸納中英兩種文化的差異，熟悉所學的習慣用法，掌握各種情景中交際應酬的用語，提高順應語境的能力。例如： - Do you mind if I record your lecture? - _. Go ahead. A. Never mindB. No wayC. Not at allD. No, youd better not本題考查交際用語的應用。受漢語影響，考生一不小心就會選A “Never mind”(沒關系)，然而在英語中，對“Do /Would you mind?”的肯定回答通常是“Not at all”、“Of course not”、“Certainly not”等。因此，正

10、確答案為C。6.排除法有時考生在答題的過程中會碰到四個選項都無法確定的情況。排除法就是考生按對答案把握程度的大小，逐個排除，把沒有排除的答案定為所選答案。排除法通常是在迫不得已的情況下使用的，所選的答案當然是不能保證為正確答案。例如： -Are you going to have a holiday this year ?-Id love to . I cant wait to leave this place_. Aoff Bout Cbehind Dover 本題考查動詞leave的幾個常用搭配，leave off 意為“(非正式)停止”；leave sb/ sth out 意為“遺漏、排

11、除”；leave sb/sth behind意為“遺忘、把(某人或某物)拋在后面”；leave over意為“剩下、留下”。由于考生可能并不清楚這些短語的意義，只能采用排除法。該題的正確答案為C。 五、對教學及備考的啟示近三年英語高考單項選擇題的對比分析所得到的啟示是：教師在平時的教學中要加強對教學大綱、考試說明和歷年試題的學習與研究，分析研究單項選擇的題型特點，有針對性地對學生進行解題方法指導。特別要加強對動詞包括情態(tài)動詞、非謂語動詞、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本用法的教學，注重跨文化教學，培養(yǎng)學生的文化意識，注意歸納、區(qū)別中英文化差異，重視學生的語言交際能力的培養(yǎng)，設計有利于學生用英語做事情的各

12、種語言實踐活動，讓語言真正成為思維和交流的工具。在復習中，教師要摒棄低層次的重復操練，注重知識的橫向聯(lián)系，注意歸納總結所學知識，將知識系統(tǒng)化，建構立體交叉的知識網絡。而學生平時一定要積極參與教師的課堂教學，多讀多聽多講英語，學習用英語思考的能力，做學習的有心人，不斷積累英語知識，在全面掌握基礎知識的同時，努力培養(yǎng)自己分析問題解決問題的能力，掌握一定的解題技巧，培養(yǎng)靈活應用知識的能力，相信通過自己的努力一定能學好英語、用好英語。2010-2012年安徽高考英語單項選擇試題考點統(tǒng)計情況分析 2012.8年份考題考點2010 2011 2012名詞、冠詞和代詞名詞 1(25) I havent se

13、en Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond _. A.hearing B.strength C.recognition D.measure代詞 2(21) You are the team star! Working with _ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the others(22)Surprisingly, Susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _

14、 almost an overcoat for her.A. them B. her C. itself D. herself冠詞 1(21) Carl is studying _ food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.A. /; a B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the介詞、連詞和數詞介詞 2(25) Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek _ food safety prob

15、lem.A. in B. to C. on D. after(25) You can change your job, you can move house,but friendship is meant to be _ life. A. of B. on C. to D. for連詞 2(29) The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _ they have the interest.A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if

16、(33) Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one_ it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until數詞 0形容詞和副 詞形容詞 2(31) _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.A. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtful C. Honest and

17、 confident D. Lighthearted and optimistic(23) Interest is as _ to learning as the ability to understand, even more so.A. vital B. availableC. specific D. similar副詞 3(24) To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, _, honest.A. therefore B. above all C. however D. after all(31) _, I managed to ge

18、t through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently(34) Queen Elizabeth is often to be richest woman in the world._ , her personal wealth seems rather small.A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Altogether 動詞和動詞短語 5(22) No matter how low you

19、 consider yourself, there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.A. getting rid of B. getting along with C. looking up to D. looking down upon(23) How did you like Nikes performance last night?- To be honest, his singing didnt _ to me much.A. appeal B. belong C. refer D. occur(21) As th

20、e story _, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops(34) If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon (28) The athletes years of hard training _

21、 when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài) 7(28) - Were you surprised by the ending of the film?- No, I _ the book, so I already knew the story.A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read(34) - Weve spent too much money recently.-

22、 Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives_ around all the time. A. are coming B. had coming C. were coming D. have been coming (26) What do you think of store shopping in the future?- Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.A. will never replace B. would never rep

23、lace C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced(32) -I didnt ask for the name list. Why _ on my desk?- I put it there just now in case you needed it .A. dose it land B. has it landed C. will it land D. had it landed(26) In order to find the missing child, villagers _ all they can over the

24、past five hours. A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing(33) Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept(35) After school we went to the reading-room to do some readin

25、g, only to be told that it_.A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構 3(30) He had a wonderful childhood, _ with his mother to all corners of the world. A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling(30) Tom asked the Candy makers if they could make

26、 the chocolate easier_ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break (24) I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣 3 (26) Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _.A. was bu

27、sy B. is busy C. had been busyD. will be busy (32) Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. A. would beB. would have been C. must be D. must have been(31) Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see h

28、er parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live名詞性從句 2(33) His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out_ it is he is trying to express.A. that B. how C. who D. what (27) The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he rea

29、ches these limits will depend on his environment.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 定語從句 2(28) Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. when B. which C. where D. while(29) A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the f

30、irst year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as B. itC. which D. this狀語從句 1(30) When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked主謂一致 1(27) The factory used

31、65% of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were特殊句式強調句1(27) It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B. that C. when D. which倒裝句0情景交際 7(24) - Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?- _ , does it?A. It takes no time. B. It counts for nothing. C. It doesnt hurt to as