高一名詞性從句學(xué)案

1、 名詞性從句學(xué)案引入：1. 主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語 She has a new bike. 2. 主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞) The flowers are blooming.3. 主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語 Miss Jones is a secretary.4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語(人)+直接賓語(物) The mother will buy the girl a dress.5. 主語+謂語+ 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語 The boy，my classmate，often made our teacher angry。名詞可以用來充當(dāng)_ 同樣可以把句子中的名詞換成一個(gè)小句子。1.Whether

2、 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 2.What it was to become was a mystery until the dust began to slowly combine into a ball moving around the sun .3.May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday?4.I wanted to k

3、now where all my customers had gone yesterday.5.This is how the earth began to show its special qualities.6.Thats why weve given you the letter.7.We heard the news that our team had won.8.I have no idea how soon they are coming.如果這個(gè)小句子充當(dāng)了句子的主語，那么這個(gè)小句子叫_；充當(dāng)了賓語叫_，充當(dāng)了表語叫_，充當(dāng)了同位語叫_。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句必須要有一個(gè)_。名詞性從句都

4、采用_語序。從屬連詞that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，一般可以省略從屬連詞if, whether：在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，不可以省略連接代詞who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose：在從句中充當(dāng)成分，有意義，不可以省略連接副詞where, when, why, how：在從句中充當(dāng)成分，有意義，不可以省略一、主語從句1.1).What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.2).Whether wild life can be wel

5、l protected is of great importance.3).Who will go makes no difference.4).Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.5).When they will have a new restaurant opened has not been decided yet.6) How gold was found there is not clear.7). Why there is gravity is hard to understand.由以上例句可以看出，主語從句在

6、復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語2.主語從句通常由連接詞_，和連接代詞_以及連接副詞_等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中_，只起_作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分3. 有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語_代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句_。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：It is/was +adj. + that從句It is/was +a pity(a fact, a shame, an honor, a wonder, no wonder)+that從句It is said(reported, announced, thoug

7、ht, believed, decided, expected等)+thatIt is suggested(advised, ordered, requested, insisted, required等)+that從句It seems (appear, happen, matter等)+that從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wo

8、nder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that- It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. forIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A. how B. that C. when D. whatIt is known to us _ where there is pollution

9、, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that單個(gè)的主語從句作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用句單數(shù)形式；如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞則視情況而定。When and where he was born _ not been found. ( has/have)When he was born and where he was born _ not been found. ( has/have)When and why the person was murdered _ still unknown. (is/are)When the per

10、son was murdered and why he was murdered _ still unknown. (is/are)Exercises:._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever_I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy. A. Where B. What C. That D. HowIts not clear _ was

11、 responsible for the accident. A. Who B. What C. How D. That_ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires二、賓語從句1.1）I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fie

12、lds of science.2) I wonder whether/if Lin Qiaozhi remembered how many babies she had delivered.3) Do you know who/whom John Adams was speaking to?4) He asked whose spacesuit it was.5) Pay attention to what the doctor said, will you?6) He cant tell me when Jody Williams won the Nobel Peace Prize.7) I

13、 dont know where Charlie Chaplin got his stick.8) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?9) Do you know why he was absent?賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語。2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句連接詞基本相同，通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever, whom, whose以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。在句中可以作_的賓語。(1) V + 賓語從句，即“動(dòng)賓”

14、：We believe that he is honest. / I asked if they had a cheap suit. / Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is- Dont you believe me? - _, I will

15、believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whatever“What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I think I should.” A. when B. that C. how D. what.(2) prep + 賓語從句，即“介賓”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. / Pay attention t

16、o what the teacher said.I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyoneMary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. thatIt was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom

17、D. whomever(3) adj + 賓語從句，即“形賓”：Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能誤將”It + be + adj + that” 的主語從句當(dāng)成賓語從句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.注意：1.(1) whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，?？苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。賓語從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesn

18、t rain.用if 會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解）賓語從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether the report is true or not.介詞后的賓語從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用，構(gòu)成whether to do結(jié)構(gòu)。 whether也可引

19、導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.Exercises:I asked her _ she had a bike._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Were worried about _ he is safe. I dont know _ he

20、is well or not.I dont know _ or not he is well. The question is _ he should do it.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.2.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句1）He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 2）We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are

21、good in nothing. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中_在口語或非正式的文體中常被_，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that_。例如：We all know (that) he is a middle-school student and that he studies hard.如果賓語從句后還有賓語補(bǔ)足語，就用it作_，將賓語從句后置，并且that_He has made it clear _he will win the game.I find it necessary _we should learn English well.We find it nec

22、essary _we practice spoken English every day.3. 賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1）I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 2）The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command, recommend等表示_等意義的動(dòng)詞后,賓語從句用虛擬語氣_4. 動(dòng)詞find, feel, think, consider, make等后接復(fù)合賓語

23、時(shí)，要用it作形式賓語，而將真正的賓語從句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語從句前加_，這類動(dòng)詞有_I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.5. 特殊句型：特殊疑問詞+do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect+陳述語序When do you think she will succeed?Do you know/ask/tell +特殊疑問詞

24、+陳述語序？Do you know where the police found the lost boy?6. 否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象. 1）We dont think you are here. 我們認(rèn)為你不在這。2）I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會(huì)這樣做。 think, believe, imagine, suppose等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)開。即將從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 必須注意：該種情況下，主語為_。(5) 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：a. 如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài).他相信他

25、的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的. He believes _ .b .請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么. Please tell me _.b. 如果主句謂語是一般過去時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞一般用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然規(guī)律等時(shí)，從句謂語通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。他告訴我他正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備. He told me _.他說他已離開家鄉(xiāng)十年了。 He told me _.老師告訴我們光是沿直線運(yùn)行的. The teacher told us _.Exercises:Do you see _ I mean?A. that B./ C. how D. whatTell me_ is on yo

26、ur mind.A. that B. what C. which D. whyWe must stick to _ we have agreed on.A. what B. that C. / D. howLet me see _.A. that can I repair the radio B. whether I can repair the radioC. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radioKeep in mind _.A. that the teacher said B. what did the teach

27、er say C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said三. 表語從句：在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語。引導(dǎo)詞有連詞that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose; when, where, how, why, because 等。如:The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him. This is _ Henry solved the problem. His suggestion is _ we (should) fini

28、sh the work at once. It looked _ it was going to rain.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意：1. 如果句子的主語是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名詞時(shí),后面引導(dǎo)的表語從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略。他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason is that

29、的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed.A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because 3. It is because 這是因?yàn)?It is why 那就是的原因。Exercises:This is _ she was born.A. where B. which C. that D. whatT

30、he question is _ we cant go there today.A. that B. what C. which D. whenThe reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time.A. because B. why C. that D. whatMy advice is that he _ school by bike.A. go to B. would go to C. goes to D. went to_ she couldnt understand was _ fewe

31、r and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; thatEnergy is _ makes things work.A. what B. everything C. something D. anything四、同位語從句11）I have no idea when Chaplins film will be on again. 2).We were very excited at the news that our team had

32、won. 3) The fact that women can work as well as men is clear. 4) Henry Adams made a promise that he would not open it until 2 oclock.同位語從句在復(fù)合句中做同位語，它一般跟在某些_名詞 _等后面，用以說明或者解釋前面的名詞(whose和which 不引導(dǎo)同位語從句)。We all know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.A. that B. which C. what D. whetherWe heard the

33、 news _ our team had won.A. which B. that C. what D. whereThe problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.A. which B. that C. whether D. ifThey expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A. which B. that C. whom D. whenThe fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A. that B. which C

34、. when D. what2. 引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that, 連接副詞how, when, where 等。3. The desire was that a treaty (should) be signed.表示意愿，要求，命令，建議等名詞后的同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞也用should +動(dòng)詞原形，should 可以省略。a. The suggestion that he _ at the meeting was agreed to by most people.A. was put forward B. put forward C. should look forward D. loo

35、ked forwardb. The suggestion that we _ to picnic on Sunday was agreed to by most people.A went B. would go C. go D. were allowed to go2. 同位語從句通常靠近它的_，但是如果主句謂語較短或中心詞帶有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語，則同位語從句與名詞中心詞形成分隔稱為隔裂式同位語從句。 He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. Word came that Tom would go abroad.T

36、he question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.A. that B. what C. which D. whetherTheres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A. that B. which C. of which D. whatIt remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when

37、D. whatDanby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon A. who B. that C. as D. which4. that引導(dǎo)同位語從句與定語從句的主要區(qū)別：They were all shocked at the news that Germany had declared war on Russia. 他們都為德國(guó)向俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)而感到震驚。(同位語從句，that只起_，在句中_。) They were all shocked at the news that was announced

38、 on the radio. 他們都為收音機(jī)中宣布的消息而震驚。（定語從句，that在從句中_，若省略that，句子成分_。）從意義上來說，_對(duì)一個(gè)名詞加以補(bǔ)充說明，_對(duì)一個(gè)名詞進(jìn)行修飾或限定。從結(jié)構(gòu)上說，that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，從句是_，that在從句中一定要_，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，在從句中_，從句是_。5.同位語從句的隔開現(xiàn)象The fact has to be faced that the nearest filling station is thirty kilometres away.同位語從句通?？拷闹行脑~，但是如果主句謂語較短或中心詞帶有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語，

39、則同位語從句與名詞中心詞形成分隔。四名詞性從句應(yīng)該注意的問題：1.that 和what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句中的區(qū)別1)Our trouble is that we are short of money. 2)That is what he is worried about. 由以上例句看出， what 為代詞，在從句中做成分， 意義上相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that, 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞由句意決定其單復(fù)數(shù)。 That不做任何成分，只起連接作用，無任何意義， 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)常被省略， 但引導(dǎo)主語從句（且在句首時(shí)）， 表語從句，同位語從句時(shí)，that 不能省略。 2. whether

40、與if 的用法比較1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句以及介詞后面的賓語從句時(shí)只用whether. It depends on whether it will rain 2) whether 可以與or not 連用。 I want to know whether its good news or not.3) 為了避免與表示條件的if 重復(fù)或者避免出現(xiàn)歧義時(shí)， 用whetherCould you tell me if you know the answer ? 這句話有兩種意思：“你能告訴我是否知道答案嗎？”或“如果你知道答案，請(qǐng)告訴我，好嗎？”。如用whether可避免歧義. 4）后接

41、不定式時(shí)，用whether I can decide whether to stay. 5）在動(dòng)詞discuss 后做賓語，用whether We discussed whether we should close the shop.名詞性從句的考點(diǎn)歸納：1. 名詞性從句的語序：a. That + 陳述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That

42、he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His breakb. 疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要求使用陳述語序，不能用一般疑問句語序, 即“疑問詞+陳述句語序”。I dont know when he will go to Nanjing. This is what we are looking for.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )b. Could you tell me where he lives? (

43、 ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( )2. 表示“建議，命令，要求”的名詞性從句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虛擬語氣，即should+動(dòng)詞原形, should可省略。3. that 可省略的情況：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)賓語從句中的that可省略that不可省略的情況：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、用it做形式賓語的賓語從句、并列的賓語從句中的后幾個(gè)從句的引導(dǎo)詞that 不能省略I dont think _ she is coming. It is a pity

44、 _ he has made such a mistake.The reason is _ he is careless . The news _ our team won the match inspired us.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.4. 關(guān)于whether 與if 的使用：What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my

45、mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A. when B. how C. whether D. whyElephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. A. 不填 B. whether C. how D. whatThe question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how _ his dream of going to

46、college will come true is uncertain.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even ifExercise: 我們何時(shí)舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還沒有決定。 _ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天誰打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子。I have no idea _ he looks like.這就是我忘記眼鏡的地方。 This is _ I left my glasses.指出帶下劃線的從句屬于名詞性從句

47、中的哪一種?1. What he wants is a book. 2. It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3. Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4. This is why he did it.5. Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6. That he wants a book is certain.7. I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition.8. Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 9. He doesnt know whether you can sing it