商務翻譯比較句式

1、商務英語翻譯 之 句法翻譯,否定句式 比較句式 被動句式 定語從句 難句長句,英語和漢語在表示比較的結構形式和使用方法上有較大的差別，從文化差異方面來看，英美人一般不作絕對的肯定或否定，總是作相對的比較，而漢語則習慣于使用最高級形式。此外，還有一些比較句式在漢語中反映不出來。常見的比較句式結構有以下幾個方面,句法翻譯之二：比較句式,1）各種比較句式的替換 2）等比句式 3）差比句式 4）極比句式 5）比例句式 6）擇比句式 7）介詞表示比較8）其他表達方法,比較句式（1）：各種比較句式的替換,從形式上看，英語中表示比較時有三種格式：原級（A is as as B），比較級（A is more

2、than B）和最高級（A is most），但實際上這些結構形式可以替換使用，翻譯時可以靈活處理。 Never has China made better economic developments than now,中國從未取得像現(xiàn)在這樣好的經(jīng)濟成就,A is more than B（A比B）這個結構可以替換成B is not as as A（B不像A那么），意義上沒有區(qū)別，因此在翻譯時可以采用原級形式來處理比較級,比較句式（1）：各種比較句式的替換,Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other

3、 country, it still imports large numbers of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States,盡管美國的汽車產(chǎn)量居世界首位，但它仍然從德國、日本和瑞典進口大量汽車，重要原因是美國市場有這種需求,原級和比較級按最高級翻譯,比較句式（2）：等比句式,等比句式表示兩個相比較的事物處于同樣情況，翻譯時可按原級處理。有以下幾種形式,We have kept business relationship wi

4、th the company for years as it was as creditable as ever. Containerization is an efficient mode of shipment as it is as simple as time-saving. The problems are as numerous as trivial問題既多又繁瑣,asas結構除了表示單純的比較（“同一樣”）以外，還可以用來比較一個事物或人的兩個不同特征（的同時存在），可譯為“既又,我們與那家公司保持多年的商業(yè)關系，理由是該公司一貫講信用。 集裝箱化是一種高效運貨法，這種方法既省時

5、又簡單,注意：并非所有的由as.as引導的句子，都能直接譯出；它還可用來比較兩個不同事物或人的兩個不同特征，表示二者的狀況處于同等程度或兩個事物之間具有連帶關系。譯成漢語時，以“而/但”連接兩個事物。如：Life here is as cheap as taxis are expensive. （這里的生活支出費用挺低，但乘出租車卻貴得要命。） The prisons are as over-crowded as the farmlands are empty（監(jiān)獄里人滿為患，而農(nóng)田卻無人耕種。,3. A home without love is no more a home than a b

6、ody without a soul is a man,沒有愛的家不稱其為家，正如沒有靈魂的軀體不稱其為人一樣,no more than和no morethan 這兩種結構都表示前者與后者一樣，通常翻譯成“同一樣(不)” (注意順利)。再比如,4. Science and religion no more contradict each other than light and electricity,科學與宗教，就像光與電一樣，并不互相矛盾,比較句式（2）：等比句式,有頭腦的人不會指望廣告里說的都是真的，同樣也不會指望申請工作的人會說出自己的缺點和嚴重過失,Nobody with any s

7、ense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults,比較句式（2）：等比句式,例外的情況： 用于there be和to have這類動詞之后，作“同一樣”解。 He has no more money than you have. 他的錢和你一樣多。 Second-hand smoke is no more harmful than b

8、ad diet, industrial pollution or stress.（間接吸煙與劣質(zhì)飲食、工業(yè)污染和生活緊張同樣對人體有害。 Ted got no more of the votes than he needed.（特德得到了他所需要的票數(shù)。,6. Fertilizers are to the plant what food is to men,肥料對植物來說，如同食物對于人一樣（重要,A is to B what C is to D 這種結構通常翻譯成漢語的“A對于B，如同C對于D”，并在形式上略有變化,7. The talented are to the company as

9、capital is to the company,人才對于公司來說如同資本對于公司一樣重要,比較句式（2）：等比句式,注：Reading is to the mind what food is to the body讀書之于思維猶如糧食之于身體。該句型常見的變體有“A is to B as C is to D”，“What C is to D，A is to B”；“As C is to Dso is A to B.”等,One may as well make business transactions via the Internet at home as do business wit

10、h the other party in person,人們在家里通過因特網(wǎng)進行交易，如同親自與對方做生意一般,You may as well go to her place as let her come to your place,你去她那里，如同讓她到你這里來一樣,比較句式（2）：等比句式,比較句式（2）：等比句式,10. You may as well go as not, if you wish to do so. 去留均可，悉聽尊便。 解釋：“may/might as wellas”是一種比較結構，意為“猶如”、“做與做一樣”，也可以說成是“mayas well as”。本句與Yo

11、u may go as well as not, if you wish to do so.意思一樣。又如： 11. You may as well call a cat a little tiger as call a tiger a big cat. 貓可以稱為小老虎，猶如老虎可以稱為大貓一樣。 (既可稱貓為小老虎，也可稱老虎為大貓。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,One may as well watch TV at home as go to cinema.人們在家看電視，如同到電影院看電影一樣。 One might as well expect the leopard to change

12、 its spots as expect him to change his hot temper. 不要指望他改掉火暴脾氣，如同不可指望豹子去掉身上的斑點一樣。 12. You might as well expect the beasts of prey to refrain from eating men as expect the imperialists to give up aggression. 要希望帝國主義放棄侵略，猶如希望野獸不吃人一樣。 但要注意與“may as well”(不妨、不如)的區(qū)別。例如： Since it s a fine day, you might as

13、 well walk. may as wellas “如同一樣”； might as wellas “不可同樣不可”；“猶如”,13. It is in business as in any other field that people must abide by the law,在商業(yè)和在其他任何領域一樣，人們必須遵守紀守法,It is in ( with ) as in ( with )這種結構通常翻譯成漢語的“同一樣”“好比”，“猶如”等,14. It is in studying as in eating; he who does it gets the benefits, and

14、not he who sees it done,讀書和吃飯一樣，得益的是吃飯的人，而不是旁觀者,比較句式（2）：等比句式,15. Sufficient funding is no less necessary than good management to the normal operation of a firm,充足的資金和良好的管理對公司的正常運轉(zhuǎn)同樣重要,no lessthan和no less than：某些no lessthan結構相當于asas,通常翻譯成“同樣”，“既也”。 no less than是no more than的反義詞，no more than 可翻譯成“只不過”

15、，而no less than可翻譯成“多達”，“無異于,16. The Chinese government decided to make a purchase of no less than 30 civilian aircrafts from the Boeing Company,中國政府決定從波音公司購買多達30架民用飛機,比較句式（2）：等比句式,17. Drunken driving is no less than suicide and killing,酒后駕車無異于自殺和殺人,例：China insists always on the need for self-relianc

16、e, no less in economic policies than in making revolution,18. We hoped things would go better, but as it is they are getting worse,我們原指望事態(tài)會變好，可事實上卻變得更糟,as it is：接在假設句之后一句的句首，表示實際情況與假設正相反，可譯成“而實際上”，“可是現(xiàn)在” 等。當as it is放在句尾或名詞、代詞后時，表示“按現(xiàn)狀，如實地”，可有復數(shù)形式和變化形式。再如,19. If I had been rich at that time, I would

17、have gone to Japan. As it is, I missed the chance,如果當時有錢的話，我就會去了日本，可實際上我沒有錢，因而失去了機會,比較句式（2）：等比句式,He finds fault with me as I am without having anything better to suggest. 他只是對我現(xiàn)在的一切加以指責，而沒有提出什么良策,You have to take things as they are. 你必須接受事物的現(xiàn)狀,比較句式（2）：等比句式,過去犯的政治錯誤并沒有使他變得更聰明,The political blunders h

18、e committed in the past made him none the wiser,nonethe比較級：這種結構含有“同以前一樣（不）”的意思，可翻譯成“沒有更”或“一點兒也不,比較句式（2）：等比句式,23. After the treatment, he is none the better,治療后,他并沒有因此見好(一點兒也不見好,The skirt hung in the cupboard is no longer fashionable nowadays, but I treasure it none the less,掛在壁櫥里的那條裙子現(xiàn)在已不再流行了，而我還是珍惜

19、它,比較句式（3）：差比句式,I suspect more than a few men have encountered the same dilemma, although under different circumstances,差比句式就是表示“比多”或“比少”的句式，它們有時表示特殊的意思，其形式有幾種,我猜想，盡管場合各不相同，遇到這種窘境的人卻不止這么幾個,more than 這種結構可以表示對程度的加強，可翻譯成“不止”，“不只”，“不僅僅”，“極其”等。 morethan除了表示比較之外，還可代替rather than，譯為“與其說不如說”。但是在翻譯時應該將than前后兩

20、個部分互相交換位置。例如,The second reason for the amorphous（無定形的，無組織的） nature of political parties in the United States is that each party is more interested in winning elections than in putting across a particular policy or law,美國政黨成分復雜的第二個原因是，每個政黨所關心的與其說是要推行一項特定的政策或法律，不如說是要爭取在選舉中獲勝,It seems that these two br

21、anches of science are mutually dependent and interacting, and that the so-called division between the pure scientist and the applied scientist is more apparent than real,看來，這兩門科學是相互依存而又相互影響的，因而理論科學家和應用科學家之間的所謂區(qū)分，與其說是實際存在的，不如說是表面性的,比較句式（3）：差比句式,4. The child was less hurt than frightened,與其說這孩子受了傷，不如說

22、他受到了驚嚇,less than這個結構有時可以翻譯成“與其說不如說,5. I was less angry than surprised,我并不怎么生氣，更多的是我感到吃驚,比較句式（3）：差比句式,比較句式（3）：差比句式,He got promoted not so much by his utter devotion to his work as by fawning upon（奉承）his supervisor,The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it,The book is not written so much

23、for the executives as for the public,與其說海洋把世界分割開來，不如說把他連接起來了,他得到提升，與其說是靠對工作的極大投入，不如說是靠巴結上司,這本書與其說是為了管理人員，倒不如說是為了大眾而寫的,not so much相當于less than，同樣可以翻譯成漢語的“與其說不如說”。依舊,這些房子非常昂貴，工薪階層買不起,These houses are more expensive than low-income people can afford,more than can/could：這種結構暗含否定意義，是一種含蓄的表達方法,比較句式（3）：差比句

24、式,10. The car ran out of gas on the way, and what was worse, there was not a single gas station in the vicinity,汽車在半路上沒有油了，更糟糕的是，附近連一個加油站的影子也沒有,whatbe比較級結構：通常作為插入語，表示后者比前者“更”，常用的比較級形容詞包括more, worse, rarer, better, happier, odder, more (important, surprising, remarkable, curious, certain)等。有時候比較級前面還可

25、以加上even, still, much等副詞來加強語氣，有時將what is省略,11. To fulfill the task requires of us great endeavors, what is more important, selfless loyalty to our firm,完成這項任務需要我們付出極大的努力，更重要的是，需要我們對公司無私的忠誠,比較句式（3）：差比句式,12. This year SONY has produced as many game machines again as Microsoft,今年索尼公司生產(chǎn)的游戲機是微軟的兩倍,asagain

26、 as：這一結構表示前項是后項的兩倍,13. I have only $200, but I need much again to buy a digital camera,我只有200美元，而我買數(shù)碼照相機需要400美元,比較句式（3）：差比句式,比較句式（4）：極比句式,極比句式就是表示“最”，除了常見的以形容詞和副詞most以及-est形式所構成的結構之外，還有其他一些情況。例如： nothing / no 比較級：這種結構是最高級的一種委婉的表達方式，有時也可以用few或hardly來表示幾乎相同的意思，在翻譯時可譯成“最,To the businessman, nothing is

27、more precious than time, yet nothing is less valued,對商人來說，最寶貴的莫過于時間，而最不值錢的也是時間,幾乎沒有應聘者比他更適合做這項工作了,Few candidates are better qualified for the job than he is,由于我公司缺少必要資金，我非常愿意接受貴方的合作,As our company is in lack of the necessary capital, we cant be more willing to accept your cooperation,not比較級than：這種結構

28、是最高級的一種委婉的表達方式。表達方法,比較句式（4）：極比句式,比較句式（4）：極比句式,asas any: 這種結構通常翻譯成“最,Bill Gates is as rich as any billionaire in the world,比爾 蓋茨是世界上最富有的億萬富翁,中國的投資環(huán)境是世界上最適宜的,The environment for investment in China is as suitable as any in world,比較句式（4）：極比句式,否定詞+soas：這種結構通常翻譯成“最”，“沒有比更,6. Nothing is so thrilling as a

29、business trip to Europe,去歐洲進行商務旅行最令人興奮,他在打乒乓球時精力顯得最充沛,7. He never looked so energetic as when he played table tennis,比較句式（4）：極比句式,the last: 這一結構表示“最”、“決不”，而它的具體含義要視具體情況而定。再比如,That company is the last one with which we will conduct business from now on due to its lack of sincerity,我方今后決不與那家公司做生意，它缺乏誠

30、意,美國商會正在討論一個最重要的問題，即是否延長對華最惠國待遇的問題,The US Chamber of Commerce are discussing a question of last importancewhether or not to extend MFN treatment to China,比較句式（4）：極比句式,The Japanese aggressors committed the last crime in China as well as in other Asian countries,日本侵略者在中國以及亞洲其他國家犯下了最惡劣的罪行,這是最新式的個人電腦,11

31、. This is the last thing in personal computer,比較句式（4）：極比句式,of all things 和 of all others：這兩種結構通常翻譯成“最”，“特別是,She is the managing director of all others for the position,她擔任總經(jīng)理這個職位最為合適,老板最想見的就是你,13. You are one of others the boss wants to see,比較句式（5）：比例句式,比例句式包括平行比較和漸進比較，其結構比較簡單。例如： the morethe more：這

32、種結構通常翻譯成“越越,The more the US government threatens economic sanctions against China, the more defiant China becomes of the United States,美國越是威脅要對華實行經(jīng)濟制裁，中國就越是與美國對著干,他商務旅行的次數(shù)越多，就越不覺得有新鮮感,The more business trip he takes, the less exciting he feels,比較句式（5）：比例句式,moremore：這種結構通常翻譯成“越越,More haste, less spee

33、d,欲速則不達,投資風險越大，我們就應該越勇敢,When there is more investment risk, we should be more courageous,比較句式（5）：比例句式,(ever) +比較級+and+比較級：這種結構通常翻譯成“日益,中國正在日益富強,5. China is growing ever richer and stronger,比較句式（6）：擇比句式,與其干不好，不如不干,Better do nothing than do a poor job,擇比句式就是在兩種選項上選擇一個，通常翻譯成“與其不如”，“寧可也不”，“喜歡不愿”等。例如,Generally speaking, I have a preference for Chinese to foreign commodities,一般來說，我喜歡用中國商品，不愿意用外國商品,比較句式（7）：介詞表示比較,他把財富看得比健康重要，這一點都不奇怪,1. It is not strange at all that he values wealth above health,表示數(shù)量多少、質(zhì)量優(yōu)劣、程度高低等的比較：某些介詞可以按照比較級去翻譯，這些介詞包括：above, before, b