大豆論文：基于SSR標(biāo)記的中國東北大豆育成品種遺傳多樣性及育種性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析

1、 大豆論文：基于SSR標(biāo)記的中國東北大豆育成品種遺傳多樣性及育種性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析【中文摘要】大豆是中國主要的糧食和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物,是油脂、蛋白質(zhì)及保健活性物質(zhì)的重要來源。東北是中國大豆的主產(chǎn)區(qū),我國在1923-2005年共育成了1300個(gè)大豆品種,其中東北育成682個(gè)。本研究利用均勻分布于大豆核基因組20個(gè)連鎖群的157個(gè)SSR和29個(gè)EST-SSR分子標(biāo)記對(duì)140份東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種開展了如下研究：(1)分析我國東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種的遺傳多樣性,探討不同地理和時(shí)期群體的遺傳特異性和互補(bǔ)性。(2)分析東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)分析東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種的連鎖不平衡及其衰減,在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)

2、育種性狀QTL進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)定位。結(jié)果如下：1、140份東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種186對(duì)引物共檢測(cè)出878個(gè)等位變異,平均每個(gè)位點(diǎn)等位變異數(shù)是4.72個(gè),位點(diǎn)平均多態(tài)性信息含量(PIC)為0.482。利用SSR標(biāo)記進(jìn)行東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種遺傳關(guān)系無根樹狀聚類將東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種分成三個(gè)亞群,三個(gè)亞群分別由黑龍江大豆育成品種、吉林大豆育成品種、遼寧大豆育成品種主要組成,其中黑龍江亞群又可分為3個(gè)小亞群。分省亞群無根樹狀聚類分析顯示,黑龍江與吉林大豆育成品種遺傳關(guān)系較近,與遼寧大豆育成品種遺傳關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)。分時(shí)期亞群無根樹狀聚類分析顯示祖先親本與1971-1990亞群遺傳關(guān)系較近；2001-2005與1991

3、-2000之間遺傳關(guān)系較近,與祖先親本關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)。2、東北地區(qū)大豆分省亞群、分時(shí)期亞群間的特有、特缺等位變異分析顯示：黑龍江、吉林、遼寧特有等位變異數(shù)分別為97、22、27；特缺等位變異數(shù)為30、65、75；祖先親本、1923-1970、1971-1990、1991-2000、2001-2004亞群特有等位變異數(shù)為15、10、9、21、30；特缺等位變異數(shù)為73、25、20、4、1。這一結(jié)果顯示,黑龍江大豆不論是在補(bǔ)充等位變異上,還是特有等位變異上,都具有拓展吉林和遼寧大豆遺傳多樣性的潛在應(yīng)用價(jià)值,這得益于黑龍江大豆所處地域遼闊、遺傳豐富、親本來源廣泛等因素。分時(shí)期亞群間的結(jié)果顯示出,隨著時(shí)間的

4、推移,東北地區(qū)大豆近期育成品種的遺傳多樣性相較舊的育成品種有所增加。但是近期育成品種間的遺傳基礎(chǔ)卻日趨狹窄,導(dǎo)致近期育成品種群體遺傳基礎(chǔ)的單一性。3、基于STRUCTURE軟件進(jìn)行的Hardy-Weinberg平衡模型聚類,將140份東北大豆育成品種分為5個(gè)亞群,將矯正后的群體結(jié)構(gòu)作為協(xié)變量進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析。在P0.5的比例占總位點(diǎn)組合的9.48%,其中,共線性組合和非共線性組合D平均值分別為0.44和0.37,D0.5的比例分別為24.46%和7.69%?；赟PSS軟件的共線SSR位點(diǎn)D值和遺傳距離(cM)的衰減散點(diǎn)圖顯示,東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種LD衰減(D0.5)所延伸的最小距離很小,表明衰減

5、的很快,且隨著位點(diǎn)間遺傳距離的增大,位點(diǎn)間連鎖不平衡強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢(shì)。【英文摘要】Soybean is the major food and cash crop in China, and is an important source of fat, protein and health-care active substance. Northeast China is the main soybean producing area. A total of 1300 soybean cultivars had been released in China from 1923 to 2005,

6、including 682 from northeast China. Based on the previous research, 140 northeast soybean cultivars were conducted in the following research by 157 SSR markers and 29 EST-SSR markers uniformly distributed in the nuclear genome of 20 LGs. (1) Analysis of the genetic diversity of soybean cultivars in

7、northeast China and exploration of the genetic specificity and complementary in different location and at various periods. (2) Analysis of population genetic structure of northeast soybean cultivars. (3) Analysis of LD and attenuation of northeast soybean cultivars. Then breeding traits QTL are loca

8、ted. The results are as follows:1. There were 878 alleles of genetic richness,4.72 alleles per locus,0.482 of average PIC inside of the released cultivar population detected by 186 SSR markers. According to the Neighbor-Join clustering method, northeast soybean cultivars were divided into three subg

9、roups composed of Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning soybean cultivar. Besides, Heilongjiang subsets can be divided into 3 small subgroups. According to provincial cluster analysis, Heilongjiang Is closed to Jilin and far from Liaoning. According to period cluster analysis, Ancestor is closely related

10、 to the 1971-1990 sub-groups and distinctly related to 2001-2005 sub-groups.2. Analysis of specificity and deficiency of northeast soybean cultivars between different provincial and periodic subpopulations shows, (1) There are 97,22 and 27 special alleles in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning respecti

11、vely. There are 30,65 and 75 deficient alleles in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning respectively. (2) Deficient alleles in provincial subpopulations and period subpopulations are 30,65,75 and 73, 25,20,4,1, respectively. According to these results, Heilongjiang soybean cultivars, on both supplementar

12、y allelic variation and specific allelic variation, have the potential application value to expand genetic diversity of Jilin and Liaonings soybean cultivars, which benefits from vast territory, rich genetic and parents wide variety of sources.new genetic diversity of Released cultivar increased com

13、pared with old ones. But, recently, the genetic basis of northeast soybean cultivars became increasingly narrow, leading to the unity of the genetic basis of population.3. Total 140 northeast soybean cultivars can be clusted into five subpopulation based on the Hardy-Weinberg model detected by STRUC

14、TURE software, the rectificatory population structure as the co-variable for association mapping. Under the significant level of p0.005, association mapping results showed that,38 SSR and EST-SSR markers associated with seven breeding target traits (days to flowering, plant height,100-seed weight, c

15、ontent of moisture, content of total protein, content of fat, mix of protein and fat). There were a few locus associated with two or more traits simultaneously, which might be the genetic reason of correlation among traits or pleiotropic phenomena. In addition,11 associated markers were in agreement

16、 with mapped QTLs from FBL mapping procedure. Satt134 associated with plant height was the highest explained trait (0.26, p0.000001) in this study.4. LD analysis of total 140 northeast soybean cultivars by TASSEL software shows that among 17205 locus pairs from 186 SSR locus of 20 LGs, the different

17、 degrees of LD were detected not only among syntenic markers but also among nonsyntenic ones. With statistical probabilitys support, there are 1245 coupled locus which accounts for 7.24% of gross amount of locus pairs, the number of syntenic LD locus is 139, accounting for 11.17% of LD pairs. Davera

18、ge value among 1245 LD pairs is 0.38, the part of greater than 0.5 accounting for 9.48% of total LD pairs. D average value among syntenic and nonsyntenic pairs is 0.44 and 0.37, the part of greater than 0.5 accounting for 24.46% and 7.69%. Synteny pairs of SSR and decay scatter chart of genetic dist

19、ance by SPSS software shows that LD of northeast soybean cultivars decayed fast because of the minimum distance extended by LD decay was very small.As the genetic distance between locus increases, the strength of LD between locus showed decreasing trend.【關(guān)鍵詞】大豆 育成品種 群體結(jié)構(gòu) 關(guān)聯(lián)分析【英文關(guān)鍵詞】soybean cultivars

20、 released population structure association analysis【目錄】基于SSR標(biāo)記的中國東北大豆育成品種遺傳多樣性及育種性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析摘要3-5Abstract5-6第1章 文獻(xiàn)綜述11-201.1 中國大豆育成品種概況11-121.1.1 大豆的分類地位111.1.2 中國大豆育種進(jìn)展11-121.2 大豆種植資源及遺傳多樣性的研究12-151.2.1 大豆種植資源研究的重要性和緊迫性12-131.2.2 遺傳多樣性的涵義及研究意義13-141.2.3 大豆育成品種遺傳多樣性研究方法141.2.4 以分子標(biāo)記為基礎(chǔ)的大豆品種遺傳多樣性研究14-151

21、.3 關(guān)聯(lián)分析及其研究進(jìn)展15-181.3.1 關(guān)聯(lián)分析的概念和特點(diǎn)15-161.3.2 關(guān)聯(lián)分析的方法161.3.3 連鎖不平衡關(guān)聯(lián)分析的基礎(chǔ)16-171.3.4 大豆關(guān)聯(lián)分析的研究進(jìn)展17-181.4 本研究的目的和技術(shù)路線18-20第2章 材料與方法20-262.1 試驗(yàn)材料20-212.2 田間試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與農(nóng)藝性狀調(diào)查和測(cè)量方法212.3 分子標(biāo)記選擇212.4 基因組DNA提取、PCR擴(kuò)增及SSR分析21-222.4.1 基因組DNA提取與PCR擴(kuò)增21-222.4.2 PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物的電泳檢測(cè)222.5 數(shù)據(jù)分析22-262.5.1 遺傳豐富度222.5.2 多態(tài)信息量22-232.

22、5.3 特有、特缺、互補(bǔ)等位變異232.5.4 遺傳距離232.5.5 群體遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)232.5.6 東北大豆育成品種群體LD的衡量23-242.5.7 大豆育成品種群體關(guān)聯(lián)分析24-26第三章 我國1923-2005東北大豆育成品種遺傳多樣性研究26-343.1 我國1923-2005東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種分省亞群間遺傳多樣性26-283.1.1 分省亞群間的遺傳多樣性26-273.1.2 分省亞群間的互補(bǔ)等位變異273.1.3 分省亞群間的特有、特缺等位變異27-283.2 我國1923-2005東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種分時(shí)期亞群間遺傳多樣性28-293.2.1 分時(shí)期亞群間的遺傳多樣性283.2.2 分時(shí)期亞群間的互補(bǔ)等位變異28-293.2.3 分時(shí)期亞群間的特有、特缺等位變異293.3 我國1923-2005東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種基于遺傳距離的聚類分析29-323.3.1 品種間聚類分析29-313.3.2 分省亞群間聚類分析313.3.3 分時(shí)期亞群間聚類分析31-323.4 分析與討論32-343.4.1 對(duì)分省、分時(shí)期亞群遺傳多樣性結(jié)果的分析與討論32-333.4.2 對(duì)東北地區(qū)大豆育成品種聚