高中虛擬語氣教案

1、虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣是什么定義：在表示一種完全假設(shè)的情況或主觀愿望時，動詞（實意動詞、情態(tài)動詞、系動詞、助動詞）需用一種特殊的形式，稱為虛擬語氣。用來表達非真實的情況，如建議、命令、安排、猜測、愿望/遺憾、假設(shè)、空想、白日夢等。e.g. 1.If I were you,I would forgive Mary.假設(shè)2.I wish you had come to the party yesterday.愿望3.If only（要是就好了） you could understand me！愿望二、虛擬語氣怎么用（1）虛擬語氣在非真實性條件句/虛擬條件句中的應(yīng)用虛擬條件從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)

2、If+主語+did/were（過去式）主語+should/would/could/might+do（動詞原形）與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+had（助動詞） done（過去分詞）主語+should/ would/could/might+have(助動詞) done與將來事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+didIf+主語+were to doIf+主語+should do主語+should/would/could/might+do（動詞原形）e.g.4.If(先行詞) I were（無人稱變化） you，I should seize the chance to go abroad. 5.If you

3、had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.6.If Professor Li should have（had/were to have） time tomorrow，we could ask him questions.例題1.Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week?If you had told me, I could have helped.例題2. We would be (be) back in the hotel now if you didnt

4、lose the map.例題3. Sorry,I am too busy now.If I （D）time,I would certainly go for an outgoing with you.A.have had B.had had C.have D.had例題4. -Do you think John has passed the driving test?-No.If so,he( C )his car to our college yesterday.A.would drive B.drove C.would have driven D.had driven注意：在條件句中可省

5、略if，且把were，should，had（需是助動詞）提到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝（否定不用縮寫）e.g.7.Were I twenty now，I would join the army?，F(xiàn)在8.Should Mr.White call，what would you say?將來9.Had we made a great effort，we might have succeeded.過去10.Had I not warned you，you could have been killed.（not置于主語之后）過去例題5.Had the goverments and scientists not

6、worked together,AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen (fall) since their highest in 2005. 標(biāo)志詞：now，tomorrow，lastnight總結(jié)：如何判斷時態(tài) 翻譯真實條件句：這種條件句實現(xiàn)的可能性非常大，在條件句中常用表示現(xiàn)在的某種時態(tài)代替表示將來時時態(tài) 提示詞：if，unless用法1）主將從現(xiàn)；2)主句有情態(tài)動詞，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時；3)主句是祈使句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。e.g. If I have time,Ill come over to see you. If we leave now,

7、we can still catch the bus.（2）錯綜時間條件句中虛擬語氣的使用（混合虛擬語氣）當(dāng)從句的動作與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)其所表達的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。e.g.11.If you had studied（過去） hard before，you would be（現(xiàn)在） a college student now.12.If the doctor hadnt tried（過去） his best to save you，you wouldnt be（現(xiàn)在） standing here now.13.If I were（現(xiàn)在） you，I wouldnt

8、 have missed （過去）the film last night.例題6.If we ( D )a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.A.have booked B.booked C.book D.had booked（3）含蓄條件句中虛擬語氣的使用（主句虛擬） 有時條件句并不是用if引導(dǎo)的從句表示，而是通過一些詞或短語表示，如without，but for,but,otherwise,or（否則）等。e.g.14.But for your advice，I could not have done it so su

9、ccessfully.15.We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help.16.I should have come to meet you，but I was really busy.例題7. Without his wartime experiences,Heimingway ( D )his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written（4）見提示詞

10、表建議、愿望、命令、堅持含義的詞，用虛擬語氣動詞用（should）+do提示詞：一、堅持（insist）二、命令（order，command）三、建議（suggest，advise，propose）四、要求（demand，desire，request，require）五、其他（necessary，natural，important，plan）e.g.17.He suggested that we （should）start off（出發(fā)，動身，開始從事） early the next day（明天）.18.They insited that the boy （should）go with th

11、em.19.It is necessary that he （should）be sent there at once.20.My suggestion is that we （should）send a few people to help them.注意：suggest作“建議”講時，表示一種意見時，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣；若作“表明，暗示”解，用于陳述一種實際情況的時候，從句用陳述語氣。e.g. 21.What he said suggested that he was a fraud.insist作“堅持要求”解，表示一種要求、請求時，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣；若insist作“堅持認為”解，用于陳述一種看

12、法、實情時，從句用陳述語氣。e.g. 22.He insisted that he was innocent.例題8.When the poice are looking into（調(diào)查） a case it is essential（基本的） that all the facts ( B )first.A.are examined(檢查) B.be examined C.should examine D.were examined例題9.She requested that no one ( D )her decision until the next meeting.A.told B.te

13、ll C.told of D.be told of例題10. My mom suggests that we should eat out for a change this weekend.（5）虛擬語氣在其他從句及一些固定句式中的用法 與現(xiàn)在事實相反were/did主語+wish+從句 與過去事實相反had done 與將來事實相反would/could doe.g.23.We wish we had paid more attention to it.24.I wish I were a bird.25.I wish he would try again.在if only(要是就好了)引

14、導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望現(xiàn)在：were/did 過去：had done 將來：would doe.g. 26.Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teachers advice.注意：區(qū)別only if（只有，表條件）e.g. 27.I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 虛擬語氣，謂語動詞were/did（現(xiàn)在）had主句+as if（though）（仿佛，好像）+從句 done（過去），would/could do（將來） 陳述語氣，謂語動詞用正常

15、時態(tài)e.g.28.The two newcomers talked as if they had known each other for years.29.It looks as if it isnt clean enough to swim here.例題11.It was John who broken the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it.Its time +從句Its （high/about）time（that）sb did/should do sth. 某人該做了。e.g. 30.Its time that we stopped/should stop this practice.例題12.Jake is a great talker.I