在句子中用來修飾動詞

1、Unit 16, Unit 17,At the end of the unit, you should grasp,Adverbial clauses of time Adverbial clauses of reason. Adverbial clauses of the First Conditional. As in clauses of time, reason and comparison,Functions,Narrating a sequence of events Stating future intentions,在句子中用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句的成份，叫狀語。在主

2、從復合句中起狀語作用的從句叫做狀語從句。狀語從句的位置可以在主句之前，通常在主句前加逗號；也可以在主句之后。常見的狀語從句表示時間、地點、條件、原因、讓步、方式、比較、目的、結果等意義,when “當.時” , while “當.時/而”, whenever “無論什么時候”, every/each time “每當”, As “正當時候”, before “在 之前”, after “在之后”, Since “自從 以來”, till/until “直到”, as soon as, the moment, the minute “一 就”, hardly when, no sooner th

3、an “剛 就,I.Adverbial clauses of time(時間狀語從句,常見的時間狀語從句,1. 由連詞when “當.時”引導的時間狀語從句 在含有when引導的時間狀語從句的句子中，從句的動作和主句的動作可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先于主句的動作,eg. When he was at university, he often did morning- exercise. Ill let you know when you come,2.while 與 as 也可以表示“當.時候”， while表示“在期間, 主句的動作發(fā)生在這段時間內。而as表示 “一邊一邊”, 它強調主句和從句的動

4、作同時發(fā)生。,eg. Please write while I dictate. 在我念的時候，請你記下。 He came up as I was speaking. 我正在說話當兒，他來了,3. when, while, as 連接時間狀語從句時的細微差別。 I. when (at or during the time that) 只表示一般的時間關系，它既可指時間的一點（a point of time），也可指一段時間（a period of time）.用when 時從句的動作可與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，也可先于主句的動作，因此when 用得最多,III. as (at the same m

5、oment that) 往往可與when通用，但它著重指從句與主句的動作同時發(fā)生,II. while (during the time that) 只能指一段時間，而不能指時間的一點。用while時，從句的動作或者與主句的動作同時發(fā)生，或者主句的動作是在從句的動作的進展過程中發(fā)生的，因此從句中的謂語必須是表示延續(xù)性動作或狀態(tài)的動詞，這是while 與when的主要差別,4. 由before “在 之前” 引導的時間狀語從句 before引導的時間狀語從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之后。 eg. Say good-bye before you leave. 在你離開之前，說聲再見,5. 由after “在

6、之后” 引導的時間狀語從句 after引導的時間狀語從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前。 eg.After he arrived he began to work at school. 他到達以后就開始在學,6. 由 as soon as, the moment, the minute “一 就” 引導的時間狀語從句 as soon as, the moment, the minute引導的時間狀語從句的動作與主句的動作一前一后發(fā)生，時間緊湊。 eg. He reads out as soon as he come into the classroom. 他一進教室就大聲念書。 The moment t

7、he button is pressed the machine starts. 一按電鈕，機器就開始動起來,7. 由till/until “直到 ” 引導的時間狀語從句 這個句子要注意它的漢語翻譯。 eg. They did not stop discussing until they came into a conclusion. 直到得出結論，他們才停止討論,NOTE: 在時間狀語從句中，一般不用將來時，而用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替將來時。 eg. Ill let you know when you come. 你來的時候，我會告訴你的,Well wait for you if you come b

8、efore six oclock. 如果你六點鐘以前來我們就等你,II. 原因狀語從句 (Adverbial Clause of Cause,常用because “因為”，as “因為，由于” ，since“因為，既然”等詞引入,a. 由because “因為”引導的原因狀語從句 because引導的原因狀語從句表示原因的語氣最 強，表示有必然的因果關系。由because引導的 原因狀語從句往往放在末尾。常用來回答why？ eg. He cannot go to school because he is ill. 他因為生病不能去上學,有時也可用短語介詞because of來表示原因，beca

9、use后接句子，而because of后接名詞、代詞等，它的后面不能接句子。 eg. He cannot go to school because of his illness,b. 由as “因為，由于” 引導的原因狀語從句 as引導的原因狀語從句表示原因的語氣比because從句要弱一些，有順便提一下的意味。 eg. Everyone likes you as you are both kind and honest. 人人都喜歡你，因為你既和氣，又誠實,c. 由since“因為，既然” 引導的原因狀語從句 since引導的原因狀語從句表示經(jīng)過一些分析，且聽話對方已知曉原因。 eg. Si

10、nce she insists you must come. 既然她堅持，你就一定要來,III. 條件狀語從句(Adverbial Clause of Condition,條件狀語從句常用if unless“除非，如果不”， as/as long as “只要”等詞引導。 eg. If it rains on Sunday, we will not go on a trip. 如果這個星期日下雨的話，我們就不外出旅行。 Youll fail unless you work hard. 除非你積極工作，不 然你總要失敗。 You can surely overcome these difficu

11、lties so long as we are closely united. 只要我們緊密地團結一致，一定能克服這些困難的,條件狀語從句中一般不用將來時 在表示將來要發(fā)生的動作時，要用將來時態(tài)。但是，在條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)而不用一般將來時態(tài)。 Eg. If you go to England next year, youll learn a lot of English. If Carol comes here tomorrow, Ill tell her all about it,IV. 讓步狀語從句,although, though, even if(并列連詞：but) Tom

12、 still doesnt understand. I have explained three times.-Although / Though I have explained three times, Tom still doesnt understand,二、主句謂語動詞的幾種不同形式,1）主句中的謂語形式通常是：will + 動詞 eg. If we leave now, well catch the 11:30 train. Ill give you another book if you dont like this one. 2）在表示客觀真理，自然規(guī)律等時，主句中的謂語動詞可

13、以用一般現(xiàn)在時。 Eg. If you heat ice, it turns to water. If one eats too much, he gets flat,Eg. We should help him if he asks. If it rains, we can stay at home and watch TV. If its too cold tomorrow morning, I might come by bus,3）有時主句中的謂語可以是：情態(tài)動詞 （should, must, could/can, might/may）+動詞,三、As 用法小結,as 可以作連詞、副詞

14、、介詞、代詞，用法較多。下面歸納我們已學過的幾種用法。 在進行兩者比較時用這兩種句型：asas ; not so as,1) asas 表示兩者相等 eg. Tom is as handsome as Jack. Mary sings as well as Jane,2) not so (as) as 表示兩者不相等 eg. Mary doesnt sing as well as Jane. I. 這兩種句型中的第一個as 是副詞，后面常跟形容詞、副詞。句型中的第二個as是連詞或介詞，后面可以跟名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語或從句（比較狀語從句,eg. Hes as tall as his

15、 father. Her car isnt as (so) fast as mine. Well do as much as we can. The students arent as good as they were. Ill eat as much as possible,II. asas結構常用于構成一些固定的比喻。 eg. as black as pitch, as white as sheet. as light as a feather, as poor as a church mouse,III. as 引導時間狀語從句,IV. as引導原因狀語從句,Eg: My brothe

16、r always read the newspaper as he ate his meal. Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afternoon,Eg: A theres a strong wind, youd better put on your heavy coat. Please return the book to the library as you will go there this afternoon,I lost a lot of weight. I was ill,I lost

17、 a lot of weight when I was ill,She opened the letter. She saw it wasnt for her,She opened the letter before she saw it wasnt for her,My brother came to see me. My father asked him to,My brother came to see me, because my father asked him to,It will rain. We can stay at home and watch TV,If it rains

18、, we can stay at home and watch TV,Exercise,Functional practice,I. Narrating a sequence of events,敘述事情發(fā)生的先后順序，不僅可以借助于動詞的時態(tài)，也可以借助于表示時間的短語或狀語從句,After she married Chen Ping , Cui Dan travelled around China. When she visited me, she brought me some books,II. Stating future intentions,What are you going to do? - Im going to become the yougest surgeon in China. Im going to take the exam again of course. Im not going to take it until next year. Im going to have a rest,III. Making Plans,What are we going to do this weekend? - Well go to the cinema if there is a good film on. - What shall we do if i