ukhistory英國(guó)歷史英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況

1、Brief British History,English History,Before the Middle Ages The Middle Ages The 16th Century The 17th Century The 18th Century The 19th Century The 20th Century,Before the Middle Ages,The Stone Age hunters and gatherers of 10,000 years ago The Neolithic Age（新石器時(shí)代） Stonehenge (2000 B.C. to 1500 B.C.

2、) Celtic peoples (700 B.C.) History of invasions 1. The Romans (1st -5th century) 2. The Angles, Saxons and Jutes (5th-8th century) 3. The Viking raiders from Scandinavia (911th century) 4. The Norman Conquest (1066,Back,Stone Henge (石林，巨石陣,Celtic People,Original inhabitants-the Celts 凱爾特人 Britons,

3、a tribe of Celts,The Romans,First landing in 55 BC Complete control over the land in 43 AD leaving in around 410 AD Roman influence,Roman Influence,introduction of Christianity the Latin language roman laws, taxes, engineering skills, architecture Roman social system System of writing and numbering

4、the first written description of the land appeared,The Angles, Saxons and Jutes（盎格魯人，撒克遜人 ，朱特人,Three Germanic tribes from now Denmark and northern Germany Gradual control of the country from 450 to 600 The making of a United Kingdom, England, a whole people, the English Transition from tribal societ

5、y（部落社會(huì)） into feudal society （封建社會(huì),Back,Viking Raiders（維京強(qiáng)盜,Scandinavia includes 4 countries: Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland About 787, the English began to be troubled by bands of Danish Vikings. At first, the Danes came only on plundering the country. Gradually, however, they came to make permane

6、nt settlement,The Norman Conquest 諾曼征服,William of Normandy (or William the Conqueror) King Harold of England 哈羅德國(guó)王 the Battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯之戰(zhàn) Norman Conquest The French-speaking Normans under Duke William came in 1066. After defeating the English at Hastings, William was crowned as King of England

7、. Revolts were cruelly suppressed and the conquest was completed with sword and fire. Norman influence,Back,Norman Influence,a firmly established feudal system a much stronger control over the country by the Rome backed Catholic Church French as the official language,The Middle Ages,The Middle Ages

8、(10661485) The Crusades The One Hundred Years War with France ( 1337-1453) Joan of Arc The Black Death ( 1348-1369,Return,The Crusades 十字軍東征,A series of wars (from 11th to 14th centuries) in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch the “Holy Land” (i.e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once li

9、ved) from the “Infidels”異教徒；不信正統(tǒng)宗教者 (i.e. the Muslims,Back,Back,The Black Death,3 plagues,在1348年，一場(chǎng)瘟疫或者黑死病通過(guò)從亞洲來(lái)的商人來(lái)到歐洲，并被在那些商人的商船里的老鼠傳播開(kāi)來(lái)。黑死病在1348年到1353年這短短的五年時(shí)間里奪去了歐洲大陸近三分之一的人口,The 16th Century,The Wars of the Roses A New Monarchy The Reformation Movement / Protestant Movement Bloody Mary The Reig

10、n of Queen Elizabeth I,Return,War of the Roses,The war lasted 30 years (14551485) There are 2 families House of York ( white rose) House of Lancaster ( red rose,改編自暢銷歷史小說(shuō)的白王后發(fā)生在英國(guó)“玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)期”這是15世紀(jì)在亨利六世、愛(ài)德華四世和理查三世統(tǒng)治期間的一場(chǎng)英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，在以白玫瑰為族徽的約克家族和以紅玫瑰為族徽的蘭開(kāi)斯特家族之間展開(kāi)。這是一個(gè)描述愛(ài)、損失、誘惑、欺騙、背叛和謀殺的故事，三個(gè)來(lái)歷不同但卻擁有相同野心的女人在爭(zhēng)奪

11、王位的斗爭(zhēng)中展開(kāi)殊死較量,A new monarchy,Henry , founded the Tudor Dynasty(都鐸王朝) -a centralized monarchy of a totally new type,Reformation Movement,The Roman Catholic Church had long been burdensome to the King of England Henry s need for a divorce lead to a row with the Pope Henry countered by dissolving the Ro

12、man Catholic Church in Britain and setting up the Church of England Protestantism,Bloody Mary,Counter- Reformation Movement Mary was a Catholic and a militant Catholic 283 Protestant martyrs burnt the whole island was convulsed with the Reformation and Counter-Reformation for half a century,Bloody M

13、ary,Elizabeth,Tudor Dynasty Henry 1485-1509 Henry 1509-1547 Edward 1547-1553 Mary 1553-1558 Elizabeth 15581603,Queen Elizabeth,The 17th Century,James Revolution / The Civil War (16421649) Around the King (Charles I & “Divine Right”) Around the Parliament The Restoration The Glorious Revolution,Retur

14、n,James,In 1603, Queen Elizabeth died childless James of Scotland James of England In 1707, Scotland joined the Union,The Restoration Period王朝復(fù)辟,King Charles King James,The Glorious Revolution,Mary （詹姆士二世女兒） William , Prince of Orange 奧蘭治親王 Constitutional Monarchy,The 18th Century,Victory over Franc

15、e The Battle of Waterloo 1815 The Battle of Trafalgar 1805，英軍在這場(chǎng)海戰(zhàn)中擊敗了拿破侖的法國(guó)西班牙聯(lián)合艦隊(duì),法國(guó)海軍司令被俘虜,英國(guó)海軍司令納爾遜海軍上將中彈陣亡。 The Industrial Revolution Invention of the steam engine Factories and coal-mines multiplied with big towns spring up Conflicts between labor and capital Loss of American colonies The “Pil

16、grim Fathers” and the ship Mayflower Declaration of Independence,Return,The 19th Century,Reformation in Britain To overcome social problems To make Parliament more representative To improve local government and social services Progress in communications Railway network and steamship, telegraphy and

17、electric telephone, electric lighting, electric trams, the Penny Post Victorian Age the monarch from 1837 to 1901,Return,The 20th Century,The Second World War The Battle of Britain Independence of most of the colonies “second fiddle” The United Nations and the “three worlds” The “Cold War” between Russia and the West New discoveries and new techniques Motor-car, the wireless, the airplane, nuclear war, space rockets, men on the moon, entertainment like gramophone, cinema, radio and television, etc,Return,The 20th Century,A centu