比較句式的翻譯.ppt

1、英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在表示比較的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和使用方法上有較大的差別，從文化差異方面來(lái)看，英美人一般不作絕對(duì)的肯定或否定，總是作相對(duì)的比較，而漢語(yǔ)則習(xí)慣于使用最高級(jí)形式。此外，還有一些比較句式在漢語(yǔ)中反映不出來(lái)。常見(jiàn)的比較句式翻譯有以下幾個(gè)方面：,句法翻譯之二：比較句式,1）不同比較句式的替換 2）等比句式 3）差比句式 4）極比句式 5）比例句式 6）擇比句式 7）介詞表示比較8）其他表達(dá)方法,比較句式（1）：不同比較句式的替換,從形式上看，英語(yǔ)中表示比較時(shí)有三種格式：原級(jí)（A is as as B），比較級(jí)（A is more than B）和最高級(jí)（A is most），但實(shí)際上這些結(jié)構(gòu)形式可以替換使

2、用，翻譯時(shí)可以靈活處理。 Never has China made better economic developments than now.,中國(guó)從未取得像現(xiàn)在這樣好的經(jīng)濟(jì)成就！,比較級(jí)按原級(jí)翻譯 A is more than B（A比B）這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以替換成B is not as as A（B不像A那么），意義上沒(méi)有區(qū)別，因此在翻譯時(shí)可以采用原級(jí)形式來(lái)處理比較級(jí)。,比較句式（1）：不同比較句式的替換,Even though the United States produces more automobiles than any other country, it still imports

3、 large numbers of autos from Germany, Japan and Sweden, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States.,盡管美國(guó)的汽車產(chǎn)量居世界首位，但它仍然從德國(guó)、日本和瑞典進(jìn)口大量汽車，主要原因是美國(guó)市場(chǎng)有這種需求。, 比較級(jí)按最高級(jí)翻譯,比較句式（2）：等比句式,等比句式表示兩個(gè)相比較的事物處于同樣情況，翻譯時(shí)可按原級(jí)處理。有以下幾種形式：,We have kept business relationship with Goodyear for years as

4、it is as creditable as ever., asas這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示單純的比較，“同一樣”； 另外，它還可以表示“既又” 。,集裝箱化是一種高效運(yùn)貨法，因?yàn)檫@種方法既省時(shí)又簡(jiǎn)單。,Containerization is an efficient mode of shipment as it is as simple as time-saving.,我們與固特異公司保持多年的商業(yè)關(guān)系，理由是該公司一貫講信用。,A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man.,沒(méi)有愛(ài)的家不稱其為家，

5、正如沒(méi)有靈魂的軀體不稱其為人一樣。, no more than和no morethan 這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都表示前者與后者一樣，通常翻譯成“同一樣”。,Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and more serious faults.,有頭腦的人不會(huì)指望廣告里說(shuō)的都是真的，同樣也不會(huì)指望求職的人會(huì)說(shuō)出自己的缺點(diǎn)和嚴(yán)重過(guò)失。,比較句式（2）：

6、等比句式,Capitals are to the business what food is to men.,資本對(duì)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，如同食物對(duì)于人一樣重要。, “A is to B what C is to D” 和“A is to B as C is to D”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的“A對(duì)于B，如同C對(duì)于D”。該句型常見(jiàn)的變體有 “What C is to D，A is to B”；“As C is to D，so is A to B”等。,The talented are to the company as capital is to the company.,人才對(duì)于公司來(lái)說(shuō)如同資本對(duì)于公

7、司一樣重要。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,One may as well make business transactions via the Internet at home as do business with the other party in person.,人們?cè)诩依锿ㄟ^(guò)因特網(wǎng)進(jìn)行交易，如同親自與對(duì)方做生意一般。, may as wellas和might as wellas 這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)都表示“如同一樣”，“猶如”。,You may as well go as not, if you wish to do so.,去留均可，悉聽(tīng)尊便。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,It is in bu

8、siness as in any other field that people must abide by the law.,在商業(yè)和在其他任何領(lǐng)域一樣，人們必須遵紀(jì)守法。, It is in ( with ) as in ( with )這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的“同一樣”“好比”，“猶如”等。,It is in studying as in eating; he who does it gets the benefits, and not he who sees it done.,讀書和吃飯一樣，得益的是吃飯的人，而不是旁觀者。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,Sufficient fundin

9、g is no less necessary than good management to the normal operation of a firm.,充足的資金和良好的管理對(duì)公司的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)同樣重要。, no lessthan和no less than：某些no lessthan結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于asas,通常翻譯成“同樣”，“無(wú)異于”，“既也” 。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,Drunk driving is no less than suicide and killing.,酒后駕車無(wú)異于自殺和殺人。,If the company had had enough funding at that

10、time, it would have bought the patent. As it is, it missed the chance.,如果當(dāng)時(shí)資金充足的話，公司就會(huì)買下這個(gè)專利，可實(shí)際上它沒(méi)有錢，因而失去了機(jī)會(huì)。, as it is：可接在假設(shè)句之后一句的句首，表示實(shí)際情況與假設(shè)正相反，可譯成“而實(shí)際上”，“可是現(xiàn)在” 等。當(dāng)as it is放在句尾或名詞、代詞后時(shí)，表示“按現(xiàn)狀，如實(shí)地”，可有復(fù)數(shù)形式和變化形式。,You have to take things as they are.,你必須接受事物的現(xiàn)狀。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,He finds fault with me a

11、s I am without having anything better to suggest.,他只是對(duì)我現(xiàn)在的一切加以指責(zé)，而沒(méi)有提出什么良策。,過(guò)去經(jīng)商犯的錯(cuò)誤并沒(méi)有使他變得更聰明。,The blunders he committed in business deals in the past have made him none the wiser., nonethe比較級(jí)：這種結(jié)構(gòu)含有“同以前一樣”的意思，可翻譯成“沒(méi)有更”或“一點(diǎn)兒也不”。,比較句式（2）：等比句式,After the treatment, he is none the better.,治療后，他并沒(méi)有因此見(jiàn)好（

12、一點(diǎn)兒也不見(jiàn)好）。,比較句式（3）：差比句式,I suspect more than a few men have encountered the same dilemma, although under different circumstances.,差比句式就是表示“比多”或“比少”的句式，它們有時(shí)表示特殊的意思，其形式有幾種：,我猜想，盡管場(chǎng)合各不相同，遇到這種窘境的人卻不止這么幾個(gè)。, more than 這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示對(duì)程度的加強(qiáng)，可翻譯成“不止”，“不只”，“不僅僅”，“極其”等。,Each political party in the United States is mor

13、e interested in winning elections than in putting across a particular policy or law.,美國(guó)每個(gè)政黨所關(guān)心的與其說(shuō)是要推行一項(xiàng)特定的政策或法律，不如說(shuō)是要爭(zhēng)取在選舉中獲勝。,morethan除了表示比較之外，還可代替rather than，譯為“與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)”。但是在英語(yǔ)的morethan結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往肯定than前面的部分，而漢語(yǔ)的“與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，往往肯定后面的“不如說(shuō)”，因此在翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)該將than前后兩個(gè)部分互相交換位置。,比較句式（3）：差比句式,The child was less hurt

14、 than frightened.,與其說(shuō)這孩子受了傷，不如說(shuō)他受到了驚嚇。, less than這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可以翻譯成“與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)”。,I was less angry than surprised.,我并不怎么生氣，更多的是我感到吃驚。,比較句式（3）：差比句式,比較句式（3）：差比句式,He got promoted not so much by his utter devotion to his work as by fawning upon（奉承）his supervisor.,The book is not written so much for the executives a

15、s for the public.,他得到提升，與其說(shuō)是靠對(duì)工作的極大投入，不如說(shuō)是靠巴結(jié)上司。,這本書與其說(shuō)是為了管理人員而寫，倒不如說(shuō)是為了大眾而寫。, not so muchas相當(dāng)于less than，同樣可以翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的“與其說(shuō)不如說(shuō)”;依舊。,這些房子非常昂貴，低收入者買不起。,These houses are more expensive than low-income people can afford., more than can/could：這種結(jié)構(gòu)暗含否定意義，是一種含蓄的表達(dá)方法。,比較句式（3）：差比句式,The car ran out of gas on the

16、way, and what was worse, there was not a single gas station in the vicinity.,汽車在半路上沒(méi)有油了，更糟糕的是，附近連一個(gè)加油站的影子也沒(méi)有。, whatbe比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)：通常作為插入語(yǔ)，表示后者比前者“更”，常用的比較級(jí)形容詞包括more, worse, rarer, better, happier, odder, more (important, surprising, remarkable, curious, certain)等。有時(shí)候比較級(jí)前面還可以加上even, still, much等副詞來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。,To

17、fulfill the task requires of us great endeavors, what is more important, selfless loyalty to our firm.,完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)需要我們付出極大的努力，更重要的是，需要我們對(duì)公司無(wú)私的忠誠(chéng)。,比較句式（3）：差比句式,This year SONY has produced as many game machines again as Microsoft.,今年索尼公司生產(chǎn)的游戲機(jī)是微軟的兩倍。, asagain as：這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示前項(xiàng)是后項(xiàng)的兩倍。,I have only $200, but I need

18、 much again to buy a digital camera.,我只有200美元，而我買數(shù)碼照相機(jī)需要400美元。,比較句式（3）：差比句式,比較句式（4）：極比句式, nothing / no 比較級(jí)：這種結(jié)構(gòu)是最高級(jí)的一種委婉的表達(dá)方式，有時(shí)也可以用few或hardly來(lái)表示幾乎相同的意思，在翻譯時(shí)可譯成“最”，“沒(méi)有比更”。,To the businessman, nothing is more precious than time, yet nothing is less valued.,對(duì)商人來(lái)說(shuō)，最寶貴的莫過(guò)于時(shí)間，而最不值錢的也是時(shí)間。,幾乎沒(méi)有其他應(yīng)聘者比他更適合做這

19、項(xiàng)工作了。,Few other candidates are better qualified for the job than he is.,極比句式就是表示“最”，除了常見(jiàn)的以形容詞和副詞most以及-est形式所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)之外，還有其他一些情況。例如：,由于我公司缺少必要資金，我方非常愿意接受貴方的合作。,As our company is in lack of the necessary capital, we cant be more willing to accept your cooperation., not比較級(jí)（than）：這種結(jié)構(gòu)是最高級(jí)的一種委婉的表達(dá)方式。,比較句式（

20、4）：極比句式,He who wishes to be wise can not do better than inquire into the past experience of mankind.,人欲求知，最好的途徑莫過(guò)于研究人類過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。,比較句式（4）：極比句式, asas any: 這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成“最”。,Bill Gates is as rich as any billionaire in the world.,比爾 蓋茨是世界上最富有的億萬(wàn)富翁。,中國(guó)的投資環(huán)境是世界上最適宜的。,The environment for investment in China is as

21、suitable as any in the world.,比較句式（4）：極比句式, 否定詞+soas：這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成“最”，“沒(méi)有比更”。,Nothing is so thrilling as a business trip to Europe.,出差去歐洲最令人興奮。,他做成交易時(shí)顯得最快活。,He never looked so cheerful as when he concluded a transaction.,比較句式（4）：極比句式, the last: 這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示“最不”、“決不”，而它的具體含義要視具體情況而定。再比如：,That company is the la

22、st one with which we will conduct business from now on due to its lack of sincerity.,我方今后決不與那家公司做生意，它缺乏誠(chéng)意。,解雇通知單是雇員最不想收到的東西。,A pink slip is the last thing that employees want to receive.,比較句式（4）：極比句式,The Japanese aggressors committed the last crime in China as well as in other Asian countries.,日本侵略者

23、在中國(guó)以及亞洲其他國(guó)家犯下了最惡劣的罪行。,這是最新式的個(gè)人電腦。,This is the last thing in personal computer.,美國(guó)商會(huì)正在討論一個(gè)最重要的問(wèn)題，即是否延長(zhǎng)對(duì)華最惠國(guó)待遇的問(wèn)題。,The US Chamber of Commerce are discussing a question of the last importancewhether or not to extend MFN treatment to China.,比較句式（4）：極比句式, of all others 和 of all things：這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“在所有的中最”，通常翻

24、譯成“最” 。,She is the managing director of all others for the position.,她擔(dān)任總經(jīng)理這個(gè)職位最為合適。,所有人當(dāng)中，你最合適承擔(dān)此項(xiàng)工作。,You are the man of all others for the work.,He tried to do, of all things, that job.,他偏偏想要做那份工作。,比較句式（5）：比例句式, the morethe more：這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成“越越”。,The more the US government threatens economic sanction

25、s against China, the more defiant China becomes of the United States.,美國(guó)越是威脅要對(duì)華實(shí)行經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁，中國(guó)就越是與美國(guó)對(duì)著干。,他出差的次數(shù)越多，就越?jīng)]有新鮮感。,The more business trip he takes, the less excited he feels.,比例句式包括平行比較和漸進(jìn)比較，其結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡(jiǎn)單，常見(jiàn)以下幾種形式：,The more, the merrier.,The sooner, the better.,The more, the better.,人越多，越開(kāi)心。,越快越好。,越多越好。

26、,比較句式（5）：比例句式, moremore：這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成“越越”。,When there is more investment risk, we should be more courageous.,投資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大，我們就應(yīng)該越勇敢。,欲速則不達(dá)。,More haste, less speed.,比較句式（5）：比例句式, (ever) +比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)：這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常翻譯成“日益”；“越來(lái)越”。,中國(guó)正在日益富強(qiáng)。,China is growing ever richer and stronger.,Some 32% of Americans say that their pe

27、rsonal financial situation becomes worse and worse. 大約32%的美國(guó)人說(shuō)，他們個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況變得越來(lái)越糟糕。,比較句式（6）：擇比句式,與其干不好，不如不干。,Better do nothing than do a poor job.,擇比句式就是在兩種選項(xiàng)上選擇一個(gè)，通常翻譯成“與其不如”，“寧可也不”，“喜歡不愿”等。例如：,Generally speaking, I have a preference for Chinese commodities to foreign ones.,一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我喜歡用中國(guó)商品，不愿意用外國(guó)商品。,Bet

28、ter late than never.,改過(guò)不嫌遲/亡羊補(bǔ)牢，為時(shí)不晚。,比較句式（6）：擇比句式,他喜歡發(fā)電子郵件，不喜歡寫信。,He prefers to e-mail rather than write letters.,擇比句式就是在兩種選項(xiàng)上選擇一個(gè)，通常翻譯成“與其不如”，“寧可也不”，“喜歡不愿”等。例如：,I would try hard to retain old clients rather than keep finding new ones.,我寧愿想方設(shè)法保住老客戶，也不愿意一個(gè)勁地尋找新客戶。,比較句式（7）：介詞表示比較,他把財(cái)富看得比健康重要，這一點(diǎn)都不奇怪。,It is not strange at all that he values wealth above health.,表示數(shù)量多少、質(zhì)量?jī)?yōu)劣、程度高低等的比較。某些介詞可以按照比較級(jí)去翻譯，這些介詞包括：above, before, behind