Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài)課件

1、Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),1,Lecture 14-15 Passive Voice,被動(dòng)態(tài),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),2,Active or passive voice,Generally, passive voice should be used in English academic writing, because the use of passive voice can create an impression of objectivity and to put emphasis on facts rather than on scientists or the

2、writers of academic works.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),3,The active voice appears more direct and concise, and it can make our writing appear more vigorous and confident. The passive voice may sound clumsy, plodding or overly cautious in contrast.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),4,Passive voice can be useful to writers. Fo

3、r example, passive voice is effective when you want to stress what was done rather than who did it, as in the sentence, Darwins The Origin of Species was published in 1859. Passive voice is also useful when you want to avoid accountability - thats why embarrassed politicians report that funds were f

4、ound to be missing rather than I stole the money. Passive voice is also useful for adding variety, softening commands, avoiding embarrassment and slowing the pace of writing and reading.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),5,Passive voice verbs are widely used in scientific writing and that passive voice verbs are ge

5、nerally used appropriately, primarily for presenting objective information.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),6,Rhodes (1997) reveals that the incidence of passive voice verbs was greatest in the most object-oriented field (chemistry/physics), second highest in a somewhat less object-oriented field (botany), and lo

6、west in the least object-oriented field (psychology).,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),7,Generally, passive structures are more appropriate for expository purposes (describing procedures and presenting data) and active structures for argumentative purposes (Riley, 1991).,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),8,They built the house in

7、 1968. The house was built in 1968. You are to leave the bag here. The bag is to be left here. People proved him wrong. He was proved wrong.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),9,People think that he is coming. It is thought that he is coming. He is thought to be coming. (non-finite passive) People expect that electr

8、icity supply will be adequate next year. It is expected that electricity supply will be adequate next year. Electricity supply is expected to be adequate next year.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),10,I have taken careful note of your remarks. Careful note has been taken of your remarks. Your remarks have been tak

9、en careful note of. We must take full advantage of the excellent situation both at home and abroad. Full advantage must be taken of the excellent situation both at home and abroad. The excellent situation must be taken full advantage of both at home and abroad.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),11,She could see her

10、self in the mirror. He lacks confidence. When will the football match take place? They have four children and a nice apartment. We could hardly see each other in the fog.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),12,Passive Voice,1. 表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）不是表示動(dòng)作，而是表示某種狀態(tài)或情況，有“擁有、容納、適合、缺少、明白”等意思，這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，常見(jiàn)的有：lack

11、, fit, mean, hold, resemble, have, cost, equal, contain, suit, comprise, become, last, possess, benefit, befall, fail, consist of, look like等。,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),13,E.g. The book costs ten dollars. Whats become of her? Jane resembles her mother.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),14,2. 某些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)也可以表示被動(dòng)的意義，常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞包括：bak

12、e, owe, brew, cook, print, bind, do等。,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),15,E.g. The meat is cooking. The cakes are baking. The tea is brewing. The book is printing. Apples are selling cheaply. The cow was milking. The eggs are frying. Drums and gongs are beating.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),16,3. 主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的詞 （1）某些感官動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞加形

13、容詞可以表示被動(dòng)的意思，如look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound 等。 E.g. The flowers smells sweet. The cloth feels very soft. The dish tastes delicious.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),17,（2）某些及物動(dòng)詞后面加副詞也可以表示被動(dòng)的意思，如: wash, write, sell, read, open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot, split, strike, record, act, clean

14、, draw, iron, keep, photograph等。,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),18,E.g. This type of recorder sells well. That kind of shirt washes very well. Ripe apples peel easily. This play wont act. The flat lets for 60 yuan a month. The novel reads well. The door opens with difficulty. The wood wont burn. He does not phot

15、ograph.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),19,The box doesnt lock. The box was not locked. The door opened. The door was opened. The theory proved to be correct. The theory was proved to be correct.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),20,（3）want, deserve, need, require, stand, take, wont bear, worth等詞的后面可以用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。 E.g. The b

16、ook is worth reading. This point deserves mentioning. The coat requires mending. The children need looking after. The table wants cleaning. The rule will take some learning. That wont bear thinking of.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),21,（4）某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞后面可以用不定式主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。 E.g. The rock is hard to break. She is easy

17、to approach. The fish is not fit to eat. He is hard to please. The passage is difficult to read.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),22,4. 被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) with) She was killed _ a sword. The house was destroyed _ fire. (with; by) She was seized _ a man. She was seized _ a fever. (by/with),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),31,6. 祈使句的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 肯定祈使句的

18、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為： let +賓語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞; 否定祈使句的結(jié)構(gòu)為： dont let +賓語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞 或者：let +賓語(yǔ)+not be done,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),32,E.g. Let us do it at once Let it be done at once. Move the table into the corridor. Let the table be moved into the corridor. Dont trust her. Dont let her be trusted./ Let her not be trusted. Dont f

19、orget to water the flower. Let it not be forgotten to water the flower/ Dont let the flower be forgotten to be watered.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),33,7. 疑問(wèn)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要用“by+特殊疑問(wèn)詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。 e.g. Who invented the machine? By whom was the machine invented? Which team won the match? By which team was the match won?

20、Who has won the prize? By whom was the prize won?,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),34,8. 反意疑問(wèn)句改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，把賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)。 E.g. John broke the vase, didnt he? The vase was broken by John, wasnt it? They are building a library, arent they? A library is being built by them, isnt it? He can jump over the wall, cant he? The wall

21、can be jumped over by him, cant it?,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),35,Proof reading,1. According to sine (正弦) theories derived from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier and more pleasant when inhibitions (禁制) overcoming. 2. When overall exports exceed imports, a country says to have a trade surplus.,Lecture

22、-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),36,3. Because radio communication had failed once before, I was afraid the men in the crew on the plant might be lost touch with the platform. 4. There is, it seems, no limit to the satisfaction to find in the pursuit of knowledge.,Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),37,More exercises,1. Guilin, a city in

23、southern China, _ its beautiful scenery, surpassing that of any other place in the world. A. is well known with B. well known as C. well known with D. is well known for (D),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),38,2. The children went there to watch the iron tower_. A erecting B. be erected C. being erected D. to erect

24、 (C),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),39,3. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court. A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. were objected to having (A),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),40,4. _ permission to hold a party at home, Mary started to write a

25、n invitation to her friends. A. Giving B. Having been given C. Having given D. To be given (B),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),41,5. The local health organization is reported _ twenty five years ago when Dr. Andon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been se

26、t up (C),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),42,6. - So far_. -That is too bad. A. we received nothing from him B. nothing from him has been received C. he sent no message to us D. nothing received (B),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),43,7. The rest of the evening _singing and dancing. A. has given up to B. will give up to C. will

27、be given up to D. gives up to (C),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),44,8. _that the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation (凝聚) of an interstellar (星際) gas cloud (氣體云). A. It is believed B. To believe C. It is to be believed D. Believed (A),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),45,9. _the financ

28、ial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator. A. He was deprived of B. That he was deprived of C. Deprived of D. Although he was deprived (C),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),46,10. Having been asked to speak at the convention,_. A. some notes were p

29、repared for Dr. Smith B. Dr. Smith prepared some notes C. the convention members were pleased to hear Dr. Smith D. some notes were prepared by Dr. Smith. (B),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),47,11. I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all these old houses _down. A. will have been pulled B. will be pul

30、ling C. will have pulled D. will be pulled (A),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),48,12. _ a good chance, he will try all his best to learn more. A. Given B. Having given C. Being given D. To be given (A),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),49,13. It was essential that the application forms _ back before the dead line. A. be sent B.

31、must be sent C. were sent D. would be sent (A),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),50,14. Although a teenager Fred could resist _ what to do and what not to do. A. being told B. telling C. to be told D. to tell (A),Lecture-14-15-被動(dòng)態(tài),51,15. If he _ in better health, he _ abroad to study. A. werewould have been sent B. wascould be sent C.