初三英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句用法詳解及練習(xí)

1、 定語(yǔ)從句的用法和精練一、定語(yǔ)從句的概念 在復(fù)合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語(yǔ)從句一般放在先行詞的后面。 二、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見(jiàn)的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起連接作用,同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的重要成分。 三、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi) 根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系,定語(yǔ)從句可分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。限制性定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞,主句與從句不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),從句不可省去,非限制性

2、定語(yǔ)從句主句與從句之間有逗號(hào)分開(kāi),起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。 四、關(guān)系代詞的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂(lè)。(that作主語(yǔ)) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍(lán)色的。(that作賓語(yǔ)) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)不可省略,作賓語(yǔ)可省略。例如: The building which stands ne

3、ar the train station is a supermarket.位于火車(chē)站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語(yǔ)) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語(yǔ)) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主語(yǔ),whom用作賓語(yǔ)。在口語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)方面幫助我的那個(gè)女孩是英國(guó)人。(作主語(yǔ)) Who is the teache

4、r (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在與李明談話(huà)的老師是誰(shuí)?(作賓語(yǔ)) 注意:(1)當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中含有介詞,介詞放在句末時(shí),who, that, which可省略,但介詞在關(guān)系代詞前時(shí),只能用“介詞+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們?nèi)ツ昃幼〉姆孔印?Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請(qǐng)告訴我你從誰(shuí)那借的這本英文小說(shuō)。 (2)含有介詞的固定動(dòng)詞詞組中,介詞不可前置,只能放在原來(lái)的位置上。例

5、如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個(gè)人。 (3)that 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不能放它的前面,只能放在從句中動(dòng)詞的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠(yuǎn)。 (4)關(guān)系詞只能用that的情況: a. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個(gè)通過(guò)考試的人。 b.被

6、修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么東西要買(mǎi)嗎? c.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時(shí),只能用that,而不用which.例如: This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車(chē)。 d. 先行詞里同時(shí)

7、含有人或物時(shí),只能用that, 而不用which.例如: I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個(gè)房間所見(jiàn)到的人和一些照片。 e.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如: Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)? f.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句用that,而不用which.例如: There is a book on the desk that belongs to T

8、om. 桌子上那本書(shū)是湯姆的。 (5)關(guān)系詞只能用which,而不用that 的情況: a.先行詞為that, those時(shí),用which, 而不用that.例如: Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么? b.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),一般用which,而不用that.例如: This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。 c.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,用which, 而不用that.例如: Tom came back, which made us happy. 湯姆回來(lái)了,這使我們很高興。 五、關(guān)

9、系副詞的用法 (1)when指時(shí)間,其先行詞表示時(shí)間,在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如: This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。 (2)where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。例如: This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。 (3)why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語(yǔ)作用。例如: Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒(méi)人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。 I.單項(xiàng)填空。 1. -Do you know the man _is talk

10、ing with your father? -Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim? A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day? A. that you bought

11、B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who

12、s B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in . 用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞that, which, who, whom填空。 1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _had