氣象常用專業(yè)英語詞匯

1、主題詞表 English Chinese01. 大氣 atmospheric science 大氣科學meteorology 氣象學atmosphere 大氣atmospheric impurity 大氣雜質atmospheric suspended matter 大氣懸浮物atmospheric composition 大氣成分atmospheric mass 大氣質量atmospheric density 大氣密度atmospheric subdivision 大氣分層homosphere 均質層heterosphere 非均質層standard pressure level 標準層iso

2、thermal layer 等溫層lower atmosphere 低層大氣middle atmosphere 中層大氣upper atmosphere 高層大氣troposphere 對流層tropopause 對流層頂stratosphere 平流層stratopause 平流層頂mesosphere 中間層mesopause 中間層頂thermosphere 熱層exosphere 外逸層ionosphere 電離層magnetosphere 磁層ozonosphere 臭氧層free atmosphere 自由大氣planetary atmosphere 行星大氣standard at

3、mosphere(reference atmosphere) 標準大氣 （參考大氣）homogeneous atmosphere 均質大氣isothermal atmosphere 等溫大氣polytropic atmosphere 多元大氣scale height 大氣標高meteorological element 氣象要素air temperature 氣溫wet-bulb temperature 濕球溫度dry-bulb temperature 干球溫度atmospheric pressure 氣壓standard atmosphere pressure 標準大氣壓station pr

4、essure 本站氣壓sea-level pressure 海平面氣壓pressure gradient 氣壓梯度barometric height formula 壓高公式pressure gradient force 氣壓梯度力Coriolis force 科里奧利力water vapor 水蒸汽water vapor pressure 水汽壓humidity 濕度relative humidity 相對濕度absolute humidity 絕對濕度specific humidity 比濕mixing ratio 混合比dew point temperature 露點(溫度)depres

5、sion of the dew point （溫度）露點差super-saturated air 過飽和空氣saturation specific humidity 飽和比濕saturation vapor pressure 飽和水汽壓saturation deficit 飽和差cloud 云low cloud 低云middle cloud 中云high cloud 高云cloud amount 云量cloud height 云高cloud genera 云屬cloud etage 云族cloud species 云種cloud variety 云類cloud form 云狀cirrus, C

6、i 卷云cirrostratus, Cs 卷層云cirrocumulus, Cc 卷積云altocumulus, Ac 高積云altostratus, As 高層云cumulus, Cu 積云cumulus humilis, Cu hum 淡積云cumulus congestus, Cu con 濃積云cumulonimbus, Cb 積雨云cumulus fractus, Cu fra 碎積云stratocumulus, Sc 層積云stratus, St 層云nimbostratus, Ns 雨層云stratiform cloud 層狀云cumuliform cloud 積狀云cold c

7、loud 冷云warm cloud 暖云ice cloud 冰云wind 風wind direction 風向wind speed, wind velocity 風速maximum wind speed 最大風速extreme wind speed 極大風速wind speed profile 風速廓線wind force 風力wind force scale 風級Beaufort wind scale 蒲福風級calm 0級風light air 1級風light breeze 2級風gentle breeze 3級風moderate breeze 4級風fresh breeze 5級風str

8、ong breeze 6級風near gale 7級風gale 8級風strong gale 9級風storm 10級風violent storm 11級風hurricane 12級風gust 陣風local wind 地方性風surface wind 地面風foehn 焚風mountain-valley breeze 山谷風sea-land breeze 海陸風on-shore wind 向岸風off-shore wind 離岸風gorge wind 峽谷風predominant wind direction 主導風向prevailing wind 盛行風wind pressure 風壓wi

9、nd energy 風能wind energy resources 風能資源wind energy rose 風能玫瑰圖visibility 能見度clear sky 晴天partly cloudy 少云cloudy 多云overcast 陰天blue of the sky 天空藍度sky condition 天空狀況precipitation 降水a(chǎn)mount of precipitation 降水量precipitation intensity 降水強度showery precipitation 陣性降水convective precipitation 對流性降水orographic pr

10、ecipitation 地形降水rain 雨rain drop 雨滴rain shadow 雨影glaze 雨凇rain day 雨日rainfall amount 雨量continuous precipitation 連續(xù)性降水intermittent precipitation 間歇性降水showery rain 陣雨freezing rain 凍雨drizzle 毛毛雨light rain 小雨moderate rain 中雨heavy rain 大雨torrential rain 暴雨local precipitation 地方性降水orographic rain 地形雨storm 風

11、暴sandstorm, duststorm 沙塵暴hail storm 雹暴haze 霾dust 浮塵dew 露frost 霜frost point 霜點first frost 初霜latest frost 終霜tornado 龍卷dust devil 塵卷風snow 雪sleet 雨夾雪showery snow 陣雪snow crystal 雪晶snowflake 雪花snow grains 米雪snowstorm 雪暴snow cover 積雪snowfall amount 雪量snow depth 雪深snow day 雪日icing 積冰hail 冰雹thunder 雷thunders

12、torm 雷暴thunder shower 雷陣雨lightning 閃電fog 霧mist 輕霧wet fog 濕霧sea fog 海霧ice fog 冰霧frontal fog 鋒面霧advection fog 平流霧radiation fog 輻射霧advection-radiation fog 平流輻射霧mixing fog 混合霧evaporation fog 蒸發(fā)霧supercooled fog 過冷卻霧ground fog 地面霧upslope fog 上坡霧air-mass fog 氣團霧tropical air fog 熱帶氣團霧rime 霧凇graupel 霰percent

13、age of sunshine 日照百分率sunshine duration 日照時數(shù)duration of possible sunshine 可照時數(shù)02. 大氣探測 atmospheric sounding and observing 大氣探測meteorological observation 氣象觀測surface observation 地面觀測visual observation 目測background pollution observation 本底污染觀測field observation 外場觀測conventional observation 常規(guī)觀測sounding

14、探空upper air observation 高空觀測aircraft sounding 飛機探測rocket sounding 火箭探測radio sounding 無線電探空surface data 地面資料upper air data 高空資料observation site 觀測場meteorological platform 氣象觀測平臺automatic meteorological station 自動氣象站meteorological instrument 氣象儀器screen,instrument shelter 百葉箱thermometer 溫度表telethermome

15、ter 遙測溫度表thermograph 溫度計geothermometer 地溫表surface geothermometer 地面溫度表angle geothermometer 曲管地溫表tube-typed geothermometer 直管地溫表maximum thermometer 最高溫度表minimum thermometer 最低溫度表mercury thermometer 水銀溫度表Lyman- hygrometer 萊曼-濕度表bimetallic thermograph 雙金屬片溫度計barograph 氣壓計aneroid barograph 空盒氣壓計mountain

16、 barograph 高山氣壓計barometer 氣壓表aneroid barometer 空盒氣壓表ship-barometer 船用氣壓表mountain barometer 高山氣壓表pressure altimeter 氣壓測高表normal barometer 標準氣壓表mercury barometer 水銀氣壓表Fortin barometer 福丁氣壓表Kew pattern barometer 寇烏氣壓表hygrograph 濕度計hygrometer 濕度表psychrometer 干濕表aspirated psychrometer 通風干濕表Assmann psychr

17、ometer 阿斯曼干濕表dew-point hygrometer 露點濕度表hair hygrometer 毛發(fā)濕度表hair hygrograph 毛發(fā)濕度計black and white bulb thermometer 黑白球溫度表barothermograph 氣壓溫度計dry-bulb thermometer 干球溫度表wet-bulb thermometer 濕球溫度表sunshine recorder 日照計Jordan sunshine recorder 喬唐日照計Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder 康培爾-司托克日照計pyrheliomete

18、r 直接輻射表pyranometer 總輻射表sky radiometer diffusometer 天空輻射表albedometer 反照率表pyranometer 凈輻射表evaporograph 蒸發(fā)計evaporation pan 小型蒸發(fā)器evaporation tank 大型蒸發(fā)器standard pan 標準蒸發(fā)器ceiling projector 云冪燈visibility meter,visiometer 能見度表raingauge 雨量器pluviograph,recording raingauge 雨量計accumulative raingauge 累計雨量器tiltin

19、g bucket raingauge 翻斗式雨量計electric conductivity raingauge 水導式雨量計siphon rainfall recorder 虹吸式雨量計rainfall intensity recorder 雨強計telemetering pluviograph 遙測雨量計wind vane 風向標anemometer 風速表contact anemometer 電接風速表cup anemometer 轉杯風速表propeller anemometer 螺旋槳式風速表anemorumbometer 風向風速表anemograph 風速計meteorologi

20、cal rocket 氣象火箭sounding rocket 探空火箭weather radar 天氣雷達meteorological radar 氣象雷達lidar 激光雷達sodar, acoustic radar 聲雷達Doppler radar 多普勒天氣雷達atmospheric remote sensing 大氣遙感meteorological satellite 氣象衛(wèi)星synoptic data 天氣資料real time data 實時資料radiation transfer equation 輻射傳輸方程atmospheric transmission model 大氣傳輸

21、模式03. 大氣物理學 atmospheric physics 大氣物理學cloud physics 云物理學advection 平流convection 對流aerosol 氣溶膠cloud droplet-size distribution 云滴譜raindrop size distribution 雨滴譜fog-drop 霧滴cloud droplet 云滴supercooled cloud droplet 過冷云滴drop spectrum 滴譜collision 碰撞coagulation 碰并ice crystal 冰晶ice point 冰點condensation 凝結evap

22、oration 蒸發(fā)solidification 凝固deposition 凝華sublimation 升華freezing 凍結condensation nucleus 凝結核salt nucleus 鹽核weather modification 人工影響天氣cloud dissipation 消云salt-seeding 鹽粉播撒frost prevention 防霜artificial precipitation 人工降水cloud cluster 云團tropical cloud cluster 熱帶云團cloud system 云系comma cloud system 逗點云系ban

23、ded cloud system 帶狀云系vortex cloud system 渦旋云系atmospheric radiation 大氣輻射solar radiation 太陽輻射solar constant 太陽常數(shù)outgoing long-wave radiation, OLR 向外長波輻射visible light 可見光radiation balance 輻射平衡global radiation 總輻射direct radiation 直接輻射effective radiation 有效輻射scattered radiation 散射輻射diffuse radiation 漫射輻射

24、sky radiation 天空輻射upward tatal radiation 向上全輻射downward total radiation 向下全輻射incoming radiation 入射輻射albedo of the earth-atmosphere system 地氣系統(tǒng)反照率albedo of underlying surface 下墊面反照率atmospheric counter radiation 大氣逆輻射radiance 輻射率albedo 反照率planetary temperature 行星溫度atmospheric window 大氣窗atmospheric abso

25、rptivity 大氣吸收率primary scattering 一次散射Mie scattering 米散射multiple scattering 多次散射Rayleigh scattering 瑞利散射sky brightness, sky luminance 天空亮度atmospheric optical thickness, atmospheric optical depth 大氣光學厚度atmospheric transparency 大氣透明度atmospheric optical phenomena 大氣光學現(xiàn)象atmospheric turbidity 大氣渾濁度mirage

26、蜃景twilight 曙暮光aurora australis 南極光aurora borealis 北極光halo 暈46 halo 46度暈22 halo 22度暈solar halo 日暈lunar halo 月暈solar corona 日華lunar corona 月華rainbow 虹secondary rainbow 霓corona 華twilight colors 霞aurora 極光glory 寶光環(huán)magnetic storm 磁暴04. 大氣化學 atmospheric chemistry 大氣化學atmospheric photolysis 大氣光解作用atmospher

27、ic ozone 大氣臭氧atmospheric trace gas 大氣痕量氣體photochemical reaction 光化反應photochemical smog 光化煙霧precipitation chemistry 降水化學atmospheric background 大氣本底值atmospheric pollution 大氣污染air pollution 空氣污染primary pollutant 原生污染物secondary pollutant 次生污染物atmospheric cleaning 大氣凈化floating dust 飄塵dustfall 降塵greenhous

28、e gasses 溫室氣體atmospheric pollutant 大氣污染物smog aerosol 煙霧氣溶膠ash cloud 煙灰云smog 煙霧smoke screen 煙幕acid rain 酸雨smoke 煙smoke plume 煙羽plume rise 煙羽抬升fallout 沉降物05. 動力氣象學 dynamic meteorology 動力氣象學atmospheric thermodynamics 大氣熱力學sensible heat 感熱latent heat 潛熱reversible adiabatic process 可逆絕熱過程irreversible adi

29、abatic process 不可逆絕熱過程moisture inversion 逆濕thermodynamic equation 熱力學方程temperature inversion 逆溫turbulence inversion 湍流逆溫surface inversion 地面逆溫radiation inversion 輻射逆溫capping inversion 覆蓋逆溫subsidence inversion 下沉逆溫frontal inversion 鋒面逆溫inversion layer 逆溫層temperature gradient 溫度梯度temperature advection

30、 溫度平流adiabatic ascending 絕熱上升adiabatic sinking 絕熱下沉adiabatic cooling 絕熱冷卻adiabatic heating 絕熱增溫pseudo-adiabatic process 假絕熱過程diabatic process 非絕熱過程convective condensation level, CCL 對流凝結高度mixing condensation level 混合凝結高度temperature lapse rate 氣溫直減率dry adiabatic lapse rate 干絕熱直減率moist adiabatic lapse

31、 rate 濕絕熱直減率condensation level, CL 凝結高度virtual temperature 虛溫dry adiabatic process 干絕熱過程moist adiabatic process 濕絕熱過程potential temperature 位溫equation of motion 運動方程continuity equation 連續(xù)方程equation of state 狀態(tài)方程vorticity equation 渦度方程divergence equation 散度方程hydrostatic equation 流體靜力方程-equation 方程pert

32、urbation equation 擾動方程thermal wind equation 熱成風方程advective equation 平流方程balance equation 平衡方程baroclinic process 斜壓過程geostrophic adjustment 地轉適應available potential energy 有效位能geopotential meter 位勢米geopotential height 位勢高度inertial instability 慣性不穩(wěn)定free convection level 自由對流高度atmospheric stability 大氣穩(wěn)定

33、度static stability 靜力穩(wěn)定度absolute stability 絕對穩(wěn)定absolute instability 絕對不穩(wěn)定neutral stability 中性穩(wěn)定conditional instability 條件性不穩(wěn)定barotropic instability 正壓不穩(wěn)定baroclinic instability 斜壓不穩(wěn)定latent instability 潛在不穩(wěn)定conservation of potential vorticity 位渦守恒z-coordinate z坐標p-coordinate p坐標-coordinate 坐標-coordinat

34、e 位溫坐標convergence 輻合divergence 輻散divergence 散度horizontal divergence 水平散度vorticity 渦度Rossby wave 羅斯貝波stationary wave 定常波cyclostrophic wind 旋衡風gradient wind 梯度風thermal wind 熱成風veering wind 順轉風geostrophic wind 地轉風antitriptic wind 摩擦風jet stream 急流northern branch jet stream 北支急流southern branch jet stream

35、 南支急流basic flow 基本氣流subtropical jet stream 副熱帶急流axis of jet stream 急流軸warm advection 暖平流cold advection 冷平流upward flow 上升氣流downward flow 下沉氣流geostrophic motion 地轉運動quasi-geostrophic motion 準地轉運動Ekman layer ?？寺鼘覧kman spiral ?？寺菥€atmospheric circulation 大氣環(huán)流meridional circulation 經(jīng)向環(huán)流zonal circulation

36、緯向環(huán)流Hadley cell 哈得來環(huán)流Walker cell 沃克環(huán)流direct circulation 直接環(huán)流indirect circulation 間接環(huán)流圈trade-wind circulation 信風環(huán)流circulation cell 環(huán)流圈local circulation 局地環(huán)流three-cell meridional circulation 三圈經(jīng)向環(huán)流circulation index 環(huán)流指數(shù)high index 高指數(shù)low index 低指數(shù)index cycle 指數(shù)循環(huán)circulation theorem 環(huán)流定理Kelvins theorem

37、of circulation 開爾文環(huán)流定理Bjerknes circulation theorem 皮葉克尼斯環(huán)流定理cross-equatorial flow 越赤道氣流atmospheric center of action 大氣活動中心scaling 尺度分析synoptic scale 天氣尺度planetary scale 行星尺度meso scale 中尺度mesoscale model 中尺度模式general circulation model, GCM 大氣環(huán)流模式barotropic model 正壓模式baroclinic model 斜壓模式06. 天氣學 synop

38、tic meteorology 天氣學weather 天氣synoptic chart 天氣圖weather symbol 天氣符號barb 風速羽wind shaft 風矢桿wind arrow 風矢present weather 現(xiàn)在天氣past weather 過去天氣upper air chart 高空天氣圖surface chart 地面天氣圖isobaric surface 等壓面standard isobaric surface, mandatory level 標準等壓面contour chart 等壓面圖rainfall chart 雨量圖isoline 等值線isother

39、m 等溫線isodrosotherm 等露點線isallotherm 等變溫線isobar 等壓線topographic isobar 地形等壓線isallobar 等變壓線contour line 等高線shear line 切變線squall line 颮線pressure field 氣壓場wind field 風場allobaric field 變壓場anallobaric center 正變壓中心katallobaric center 負變壓中心humidity field 濕度場wet tongue 濕舌dry tongue 干舌dry line 干線temperature fie

40、ld 溫度場cold tongue 冷舌warm tongue 暖舌pressure system 氣壓系統(tǒng)low pressure, depression 低氣壓deepening of a depression 低壓加深cold low 冷低壓warm low 暖低壓mesoscale low 中尺度低壓thermal low 熱低壓cut-off low 切斷低壓orographic depression 地形低壓trough 低壓槽trough line 槽線inverted trough 倒槽cold trough 冷槽long-wave trough 長波槽East Asia ma

41、jor trough 東亞大槽cyclone 氣旋cyclonic circulation 氣旋性環(huán)流cyclonic shear 氣旋性切變extratropical cyclone 溫帶氣旋cyclone family 氣旋族occluded cyclone 錮囚氣旋cyclogenesis 氣旋生成cyclolysis 氣旋消散cold vortex 冷渦warm vortex 暖渦permanent depression 永久性低壓semi-permanent depression 半永久性低壓Aleutian low 阿留申低壓Icelandic low 冰島低壓Changjiang

42、-Huaihe cyclone 江淮氣旋Changjiang-Huaihe shear line 江淮切變線South China Sea depression 南海低壓Mongolian low 蒙古低壓Northeast China low 東北低壓mid-tropospheric cyclone 對流層中層氣旋Southwest China vortex 西南低渦high pressure 高氣壓cold high 冷高壓warm high 暖高壓ridge 高壓脊ridge line 脊線warm ridge 暖脊col pressure field 鞍形氣壓場high pressur

43、e barrier 高壓壩deformation field 變形場anticyclone 反氣旋anticyclonic circulation 反氣旋環(huán)流anticyclonic shear 反氣旋切變anticyclogenesis 反氣旋生成anticyclolysis 反氣旋消散permanent high 永久性高壓semi-permanent high 半永久性高壓subtropical high 副熱帶高壓Siberian high 西伯利亞高壓South Asia high 南亞高壓blocking high 阻塞高壓blocking situation 阻塞形勢Ural b

44、locking high 烏拉爾山阻塞高壓Okhotsk high 鄂霍次克海高壓Pacific high 太平洋高壓Azores high 亞速爾高壓air mass 氣團air-mass analysis 氣團分析air-mass source 氣團源地air-mass classification 氣團分類air-mass property 氣團屬性air-mass transformation 氣團變性conservative property of air mass 氣團保守性transformed air mass 變性氣團warm air mass 暖氣團cold air mas

45、s 冷氣團arctic air mass 北極氣團polar air mass 極地氣團tropical air mass 熱帶氣團equatorial air mass 赤道氣團continental air mass 大陸氣團maritime air mass 海洋氣團tropical marine air mass 熱帶海洋氣團front 鋒frontal surface 鋒面frontal zone 鋒區(qū)frontal slope 鋒面坡度warm front 暖鋒cold front 冷鋒occluded front 錮囚鋒cold occluded front 冷性錮囚鋒warm

46、occluded front 暖性錮囚鋒neutral occluded front 中性錮囚鋒rapidly moving cold front 快行冷鋒slowly moving cold front 慢行冷鋒stationary front 靜止鋒polar front 極鋒arctic front 北極鋒antarctic front 南極鋒surface front 地面鋒upper front 高空鋒frontal analysis 鋒面分析frontal weather 鋒面天氣warm front cloud system 暖鋒云系cold front cloud system

47、 冷鋒云系frontal precipitation 鋒面降水orographic occluded front 地形錮囚鋒North China occluded front 華北錮囚鋒orographic stationary front 地形靜止鋒South China quasi-stationary front 華南準靜止鋒Kunming quasi-stationary front 昆明準靜止鋒Tianshan quasi-stationary front 天山準靜止鋒synoptic analysis 天氣分析synoptic situation 天氣形勢synoptic pro

48、cess 天氣過程synoptic system 天氣系統(tǒng)planetary scale system 行星尺度系統(tǒng)synoptic scale system 天氣尺度系統(tǒng)subsynoptic scale system 次天氣尺度系統(tǒng)mesoscale system 中尺度系統(tǒng)microscale system 小尺度系統(tǒng)cold wave 寒潮cold outburst 寒潮爆發(fā)intertropocal convergence zone, ITCZ 熱帶輻合帶tropical easterlies jet 熱帶東風急流tropical high 熱帶高壓tropical monsoon

49、熱帶季風easterly wave 東風波subtropical calms 副熱帶無風帶tropical cyclone 熱帶氣旋tropical depression 熱帶低壓tropical storm 熱帶風暴severe tropical storm 強熱帶風暴typhoon 臺風typhoon eye 臺風眼storm center 風暴中心Meiyu, plum rain 梅雨Meiyu front 梅雨鋒onset of Meiyu 入梅ending of Meiyu 出梅Meiyu period 梅雨期El Nino 厄爾尼諾ENSO 恩索La Nina 拉尼娜souther

50、n oscillation, SO 南方濤動sea surface temperature, SST 海面溫度brave west wind 咆哮西風帶quasi-biennial oscillation, QBO 準兩年振蕩equatorial low 赤道低壓equatorial calms 赤道無風帶polar vortex 極渦polar low 極地低壓weather forecast 天氣預報severe weather warning 危險天氣警報urban weather 城市天氣foehn effect 焚風效應heat wave 熱浪Qinghai-Xizang high

51、青藏高壓07. 氣候學 climatology 氣候學climate 氣候climatic element 氣候要素factors for climatic formation 氣候形成因子solar climate 太陽氣候ideal climate 理想氣候global climate 全球氣候global climate system 全球氣候系統(tǒng)urban climate 城市氣候indoor climate 室內(nèi)氣候continental climate 大陸性氣候marine climate 海洋性氣候arid climate 干旱氣候semi-arid climate 半干旱氣候

52、humid climate 濕潤氣候warm-wet climate 濕熱氣候mountain climate 山地氣候plateau climate 高原氣候vertical climatic zone 垂直氣候帶diurnal variation 日變化departure 距平diurnal range 日較差annual range 年較差annual mean 年平均annual amount 年總量season 季節(jié)seasonality 季節(jié)性frost peroid 霜期frost day 霜日rainy season 雨季hot season 熱季cool season 涼季c

53、ontinentality 大陸度oceanity 海洋度air-sea interaction 海氣相互作用water cycle 水循環(huán)dry season 干季dry spell 干期aridity 干燥度moisture index 濕潤度greenhouse effect 溫室效應heat island effect 熱島效應heat sink 熱匯heat source 熱源heat balance 熱量平衡pentad 候wind rose 風玫瑰圖wind vector 風矢量average wind velocity 平均風速resultant wind 合成風firn 永久

54、積雪firn line 永久雪線isohel 等日照線planetary wind system 行星風系trade winds 信風temperate westerlies 溫帶西風帶monsoon 季風summer monsoon 夏季風winter monsoon 冬季風East Asian monsoon 東亞季風plateau monsoon 高原季風monsoon burst 季風爆發(fā)monsoon onset 季風建立monsoon depression 季風低壓monsoon circulation 季風環(huán)流monsoon climate 季風氣候monsoon region 季風區(qū)monsoon index 季風指數(shù)break monsoon 季風中斷climatic type 氣候型climatic classification 氣候分類climate regionalization 氣候區(qū)劃climatic region 氣候區(qū)climatic belt, c