中醫(yī)基礎(chǔ)理論專業(yè)英語PPT課件

1、Basic Theory of TCM,General View,Historical figures in TCM,Famous doctors,At the peak of traditional Chinese medicine ,there comes forth many brilliant doctors known by the young and the old, such as Bian Que ,Hua Tuo ,Zhang Zhongjin, Sun Simiao. Their legends inspire us and make us confident of our

2、 traditional culture.,4,Hua Tuo,Bian Que,Shen Nong,Huang Di,Huang Di,He is the earliest ancestor of acupuncture and moxibustion（針灸鼻祖）. It was similar to Shen Nong, Huang Dis Classic of Internal Medicine was also not written by himself. Its said that it might be finished in Qin and Han Dynasty time,S

3、hen Nong,Shen Nongs Herbal Classic wasnt written by himself, it was finished in Warring States Period or Qin and Han Dynasty time Shen Nong tasted hundreds of grass and found herbs This book was the earlist extant medical monograph (現(xiàn)存的最早的醫(yī)學(xué)專著）,Hua Tuo,Hua Tuo,He is the earlist ancestor of surgery,l

4、ived in late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was famous for surgical operation and ma fei san (a kind of narcotic made of herbs). He created a body building exercise called five animals exercise，it is based on the movements of tiger, deer, bear, ape(猿）and crane（鶴）.,Bian Que,Bian Que,He is the sphygmology me

5、diator(脈學(xué)介導(dǎo)者）of Traditional Chinese Medical Science and lived in Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period. The four diagnostic methods (四診合參望聞問切）was created by him.,Sun Simiao,Sun Simiao,He is the king of medicine（藥王）,lived in Tang Dynasty.He finished the book Golden Prescriptions for Emergencies

6、備急千金方，it was the earliest clinical medicine encyclopedia(臨床醫(yī)學(xué)百科全書） in China.,Zhang Zhongjing,Zhang Zhongjing,He is the herbalist doctor saint (醫(yī)圣），lived in the Easten Han . He finished the famous medical monograph Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Disease傷寒雜病論.,Ge Hong,He is the mediator of prev

7、entive medicine(預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)介導(dǎo)者），he was born in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and his theory contains the sprout idea (萌芽思想)of immunity.,Li Shizhen,Main Philosophy and Culture Basis,Confucianism Taoism Warcraft,Li Shizhen,Li Shizhen (李時(shí)珍) of the Ming Dynasty, whose monumental masterpiece, Compendium of Meteria Me

8、dica (本草綱目), includes 1,892 medicinal substances, 11,096 prescriptions, and 1,162 illustrations.,The Four Traditional Diagnostic Methods,Inspection,Olfaction,Inquiry,Pulse-taking,Classic Works,Huangdis Canon of Medicine / Huangdis Internal Classic Plain Questions & Miraculous Pivot Classic of Diffic

9、ult Issues Treatise on Cold Damage (exogenous febrile diseases) and Miscellaneous Diseases Treatise on Cold Damage (exogenous febrile diseases) Synopsis of Prescriptions of Golden Chamber Shennongs Classic of Materia Medica,Basic Character,holism treatment based on syndrome differentiation,Basic Cha

10、racter,holism 1. human is an organic whole, governed by heart, centering on five viscera. Whats inside must be shown outside (with manifestations).,five viscera, six bowels, six extraordinary bowels,meridians and collaterals,head, face, stem and limbs, five sense organs, skin and striae, muscle and

11、tendon, orifices, pulse, tongue, etc,inside,outside,connection,Basic Character,holism 2. unity of human and nature (correspondence between nature and human) inadaptation to new environment Epistaxis usually happens in springtime. Thoracic and hypochondriac diseases usually happen in summertime. Diar

12、rhea and cold stroke usually happen in late summer. Wind malaria usually happens in fall. Arthralgia and syncope usually happen in wintertime. Exercise to prevent cold, shade-sheltering to prevent summerheat.,Basic Character,holism 3. unity of human and society When treat the rich, emphasize supplem

13、enting the healthy qi. When treat the poor, emphasize attacking/eliminating pathogenic qi.,Basic Character,treatment based on syndrome differentiation syndrome: the pathogenesis behind a series of symptoms and signs shown outwardly (cause, location, property, tendency) four diagnostic methods: inspe

14、ction, listening and smelling, inquiry, palpation (pulse taking) (inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation) establish the general and specific treating method, choose proper medicinals to form a formula same treatment for different diseases different treatments for the same disease,Basic Perc

15、eption,essence-qi yin-yang five elements,Basic Perception,yin-yang yang within yin yin within yin yang within yang yin within yang,Basic Perception,yin-yang opposition of yin and yang mutual rooting / interdependence between yin and yang waxing and waning of yin and yang yin-yang balance yin-yang ha

16、rmony yin-yang conversion / inter-transformation,Basic Perception,yin-yang extreme yin resembling yang extreme yang resembling yin waxing and waning of yin and yang,Basic Perception,five elements,water, kidney,metal, lungs,fire，heart,to generate,to restrict,earth, spleen,wood, liver,Basic Perception

17、,five elements “The five kinds of materials in nature are all used by people. None of them can be dispensed with” “Water and fire are used for cooking, metal and wood for cultivating and earth gives birth to everything, which are all used by people” “Wood gets cut by metal, fire extinguished by wate

18、r, earth unclogged by wood, metal hurt by fire, water stopped by earth. Everything on earth follows this rule, and it is hard to list one by one”,Basic Perception,five elements “Wood means to grow (upward) freely and unfold/stretch out” “Fire means to flare up” “Earth means to give birth to all thin

19、gs” “Metal means to suppress and change” “Water means to moisten and flow downward”,essence, qi, blood, fluid and humor,essence (prenatal essence, acquired essence) to generate fertility and reproduction to promote growth and development to produce marrow and encephalon, nourish bones and transform

20、into blood to nourish and moisten to defend the body,essence, qi, blood, fluid and humor,qi (prenatal essential qi, essential qi from water and grain, pectoral qi) to promote and move to warm to defend the body to secure to transport and transform to nourish,essence, qi, blood, fluid and humor,qi (p

21、renatal essential qi, essential qi from water and grain, pectoral qi) qi movement: ascending, descending, exiting, entering (upward, downward, outward, inward movement) classification: genuine qi, source qi, pectoral qi, nutrient qi, defensive qi,essence, qi, blood, fluid and humor,blood to nourish

22、and moisten to carry and transport (fresh air and food nutrition, metabolized waste, interior message in communication between organs) to be the material basis for spiritual activity circulation: qi promoting and securing condition: sufficient volume of blood, proper temperature sound and unobstruct

23、ed vessel normal function of heart, lungs, liver, spleen,essence, qi, blood, fluid and humor,fluid and humor to nourish and moisten to carry and transport (fresh air and food nutrition, metabolized waste, interior message in communication between organs) to be the material basis for spiritual activi

24、ty circulation: qi promoting and securing condition: sufficient volume of blood, proper temperature sound and unobstructed vessel normal function of heart, lungs, liver, spleen,exogenous disease six-meridian, defensive-qi-nutrient-blood, and three-energizer differentiation internal miscellaneous dis

25、eases visceral differentiation,exogenous disease six-meridian, defensive-qi-nutrient-blood, and three-energizer differentiation,exogenous disease six-meridian, defensive-qi-nutrient-blood, and three-energizer differentiation,exogenous disease six-meridian, defensive-qi-nutrient-blood, and three-ener

26、gizer differentiation,internal miscellaneous diseases visceral differentiation,main visceral function,lungs ascending/ diffusion, descending/depurative downbearing, governing qi, respiration, and smoothing water passage, spreading defensive qi over the superficies spleen (stomach) ascending (descend

27、ing), governing muscle and limbs, digestion, transformation and transportation of food and fluid, restricting blood within vessels heart governing blood circulation and vessels, mind and spiritual activities liver ascending/upbearing effusion, soothing/free coursing, regulating the smooth flow of qi

28、 and blood, help digestion, storing blood, governing sinews kidney storing essence, prenatal yin and yang, warming, promoting growth and reproduction, qi absorption,common heart disorders: depressive psychosis, mania, insomnia, frequent dreaming, palpitation, cardiodynia, vexation and fidget, amnesi

29、a, delirium and unconsciousness, intermittent, skipping or bound pulse, as well as orolingual pain or sore,common lungs disorders: out of breath, shortage of breath, a low or hoarse voice, lassitude, general weakness, easily catching cold, running nose, aversion to wind, cough, asthma, spitting, che

30、st distress, throat itching and pain, edema,common spleen disorders : abdominal distention and pain, poor appetite or anorexia, listlessness and tiredness, tastelessness, sweet and sticky taste in mouth, diarrhea or constipation, dysentery, edema, prolapse of inner organs (including chronic diarrhea

31、 with proctoptosis, uterine prolapse, gastroptosis, nephroptosis), chronic bleeding (including hemafecia, epistaxis (nasal), metrorrhagia, bleeding leucorrhea, gingival hemorrhage (gumline), if spleen qi weakens, face and lips appear sallow and lackluster,common liver disorders : depression, hypocho

32、ndriac and lower abdominal distention and pain, irritability and testiness, breast nodule and pain, dizziness, headache, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abnormal digestion, poor appetite, belching, acid regurgitation, stabbing pain in the hypochondrium, abdominal masses, ascites, i

33、mpotence, premature ejaculation, spermatorrhea, metrorrhagia, blurred vision, contracture of sinews, convulsion, spasm, congested eyes with itching pain.,common kidney disorders : poor growing development, premature senility, dyspnea, chronic cough, asthma, short breath, amnesia, insomnia, lumbar an

34、d lower limbs aching pain or weakness, tinnitus, deafness, bone and muscle atrophy, edema, urine and stool disorder, especially incontinence of urine and stool, impotence, premature ejaculation, spermatorrhea, infertility, coldness above knees and elbows.,main visceral function,stomach receiving foo

35、d and drink, digesting, descending, preference to moisture and aversion to dryness. disorders: food intake disorder, epigastric stuffiness, distention and pain, nausea, vomiting, belching, hiccup, regurgitation small intestine receiving chyme, further digestion, separating clear from turbid. disorde

36、rs: abdominal distention and pain, burburigmus, diarrhea. large intestine absorbing water and fluid, discharging wastes. disorders: constipation, diarrhea, dysentery with blood and pus stool, abdominal distention and pain, anus bulging and sinking,main visceral function,gall bladder storing and disc

37、harging bile, helping digestion, dominating decision, and related to emotional activity. disorders: bitter mouth, jaundice, timidity, easily getting frightened urinary bladder storing and discharging urine. disorders: frequent, urgent urination with burning pain, anuresis and uroschesis,three basic

38、pairs of ascendant and descendant,heart and kidney: heart yang going down and kidney yin going up to restrict and help each other (heart-kidney interaction) heart-sovereign fire, spirit and mind kidney-ministerial fire, prenatal essence common manifestations: palpitation, insomnia with dreams, fidge

39、t, amnesia, soreness of waist, tinnitus, nocturnal emission,three basic pairs of ascendant and descendant,heart and kidney jiao tai wan: huang lian, rou gui sang piao qiao san: sang piao qiao, long gu, gui jia, ren shen, fu shen, dang hui, chang pu, yuan zhi,three basic pairs of ascendant and descen

40、dant,spleen and stomach: they are interiorly and exteriorly related by the connection of meridian spleen-ascending clear essence stomach-descending turbid chyme common manifestation: bad appetite, anorexia, stomach or abdominal distention after meal, stomach or abdominal pain, regurgitation, belch,

41、unclear head, diarrhea with loose stool, or even blood and pus,three basic pairs of ascendant and descendant,spleen and stomach liu jun zi soup: dang shen, bai zhu, fu ling, gan cao, chen pi, ban xia,three basic pairs of ascendant and descendant,liver and lungs: liver-ascending, upbearing effusing l

42、ungs-descending, depurative downbearing common manifestation: cough, hyperpnoea, asthma, headache, dizziness, reddened or hot eyes,three basic pairs of ascendant and descendant,liver and lungs sang ju yin: sang ye, ju hua, chen pi, xing ren, lian qiao, lu gen, gan cao, bo he ling jiao gou teng tang:

43、 ling jiao, gou teng, ju hua, sang ye, di huang, shao yao, bai mu, fu ling, gan cao,main ascending/upbearing force,spleen and liver help qi normally go upward, bringing blood and essence to the top to nourish the tissues and organs, help to maintain normal position of viscera and organs common manif

44、estation: prolapse of organ or viscera, protracted diarrhea, unclear mind and head, listlessness,sheng ma-helping spleen ascend, and sending up clear yang,chai hu-helping liver stretch and effuse upward,general conditions and symptoms,chill, fever, sweating, type of pain, head, body, chest and abdom

45、inal condition, vision, hearing, movement, sleep, urine, stool, menstruation, food intake, complexion, sound of speaking, cough, asthma, sneezing, spitting, breathing, belch, burburigmus, smell and color of discharges and secretion, tongue, pulse, etc. common properties chill and fever exterior synd

46、rome, sole chill interior cold, sole fever interior heat, forceful sound excess, weak sound deficiency, distending pain qi stagnation, stabbing pain worsened at night blood stasis, oppressive pain cold or qi stagnation, pain prefers to warm or press deficiency, pain hates to press excess, yellow and

47、 foul discharges and secretion heat, pale and bland onescold, pale complexion qi or blood deficiency, sallow complexion spleen deficiency, reddened face heat, or yang excess, bluish color cold, purple color blood stagnation or cold,61,34在進(jìn)行容器壓力試驗(yàn)時(shí)，需要考慮哪些問題？為什么？,壓力容器設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)習(xí),(1)壓力試驗(yàn)一般用水，進(jìn)行液壓試驗(yàn)。液壓試驗(yàn)壓力為： 其

48、中：PT為內(nèi)壓試驗(yàn)的壓力，p為試驗(yàn)內(nèi)壓，s為試驗(yàn)溫度下的許用應(yīng)力，st為設(shè)計(jì)溫度下的許用應(yīng)力。,(2) 奧氏體不銹鋼為防止氯離子的腐蝕，應(yīng)控制Cl-2510-6,(3) 為防止試驗(yàn)時(shí)發(fā)生低溫脆性破壞，碳素鋼、16MnR、正火15MnVR溫度不能低于5oC，其他低合金鋼，溫度不低于15oC,Basic Character,holism 3. unity of human and society When treat the rich, emphasize supplementing the healthy qi. When treat the poor, emphasize attacking/

49、eliminating pathogenic qi.,Basic Perception,five elements “Wood means to grow (upward) freely and unfold/stretch out” “Fire means to flare up” “Earth means to give birth to all things” “Metal means to suppress and change” “Water means to moisten and flow downward”,essence, qi, blood, fluid and humor,essence (prenatal essence, acquired essence) to generate fertility and reproduction to promote growth and development to produce marrow and encephalon, nourish bones and transform into blood to nourish and moisten to defend the body,essence, q