Sme financing causes and solutions 中小企業(yè)融資難的原因及其解決途徑分析 外文翻譯

1、sme financing causes and solutionsabstractas a new financing lease financing tools ,in recent years in our countrys modern economy is developing rapidly .however, most of the lease financing companies in actively explore the market at the same time .the risk of financing lease knowledge and understa

2、nding but will stay on the surface .risk control work also at groping stage .construction perfect, system risk control system necessary and urgent .the author financing lease in a systematic, on the basis of risk .according to its own work experience, the system is presented countermeasures .to help

3、 enterprises to renew the idea .do risk control work .keywords: financing lease risk risk controlsome financing causes and solutionslynn m.fishersince the reform and opening up, the chinese small and medium-sized enterprises are the rapid development of chinas national economy, improve the contribut

4、ion, small and medium-sized enterprises in promoting economic growth and create jobs, increase farmers income, the transfer of rural surplus labor force is playing more and more important, etc. however, in recent years, the development of small and medium-sized enterprises facing great difficulties.

5、 especially the influence to the further development of small and medium-sized enterprises in china is the most important factor to same financing channel is narrow, financing, financing number structure unreasonable, financing cost is high. if less than 30% of the industrial sector contribution of

6、state-owned enterprise occupied 70% of bank loan, but creates 70 percent of the gdp of the non-state-owned enterprises only 30% of the bank loans. if this phenomenon is not sufficient to improve, small and medium-sized enterprises will be difficult, sustained and rapid development of the whole natio

7、nal economy will directly influence the development.1. some financing reason analysisfrom the above we can see the present financing, financing china has restricted the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. the reason is that both small and medium-sized enterprise itself, also have bank

8、 management system, there are more reasons of national policy.1.1 enterprise itself. (1)the small scale of capital, small and medium-sized enterprises information idea indifference. small and medium-sized enterprises operating in small scale, production technology, product structure behind a single

9、level and low technology, to resist the risk ability is poor, fluctuating prices of raw materials or products, management risk is bigger. add small and medium-sized enterprise credit is not high, credit, bank lending non-americans options. many small and medium-sized enterprise information disclosur

10、e awareness, financial management level is low, the lack of objective information and transparent. in addition, individual small and medium-sized enterprise still malicious smoke escape capital, default, shell, suspended creditor bank, causing serious harm to the loss of credit funds of the small an

11、d medium-sized enterprises, the overall level of credit.(2)some financial system is not perfect, the internal control system is not perfect, the accounting information distortion, banks and enterprises information asymmetry, for some financing difficulty increases. assess, some financial system is n

12、ot perfect 50%, many small and medium-sized enterprise quality management, low lack of financial management knowledge, major financial decision-making by their heads to decide, management is very chaotic. at the same time, in order to cope with the inspection and supervision department also prepare

13、two sets, and even more so, enterprise, to provide accurate accounting information, the bank also cannot find the reality of the enterprise to increase the risk of bank loan business.1.2 bank reasons(1) the policy system of bank loan and unbalanced directly affect the direct financing channels. our

14、financial institutions with four commercial bank, the banking industry and the high altitude monopoly, consistent four bank lending to state-owned enterprises only wish. this is mainly in the ownership of state-owned banks and enterprises, the differences between the bank and the enterprise system b

15、arriers. in addition, the provisions of the state bank is overdue, bad debts of non-performing loans, so the bank implements process for four years of small and medium-sized enterprises of a more cautious lenders nature and carefully. the securities listed in the strict request, mainboard market lis

16、ted company is mainly for large state-owned enterprises, domestic enterprises, especially the non-state technology enterprises , the second-board market, fund and other forms of financing is still in the early stage of building, medium and small-sized enterprises direct financing channels to achieve

17、.(2)information asymmetry affect the relationship between banks and enterprises. as the provider of bank capital and cant attend the daily operation and management of funds, and the user (some) of information asymmetry between will bring the contradictions and problems. usually, the small and medium

18、-sized enterprises in the management of state owned more than bank information, therefore, has advantages of small and medium-sized enterprises in the process of contract in the event of using the capital or damage the interests of process, bank of bank risk of excessive. due to the small and medium

19、-sized enterprises and large enterprises in operation ability, mortgage guarantee transparency and the difference, and the size of the loan to the management cost differences, lack of small and medium-sized enterprises for domestic banks provide more financing services.(3) lack of small and medium-s

20、ized enterprises and the matching of the small and medium sized financial institutions. at present, the bank is still lack of organizational system for some financing service policy banks, while chinas existing in the small and medium-sized commercial banks such as urban rural credit cooperatives, s

21、hare-holding commercial banks, urban commercial banks, but because they are not rongziquan policy and its problems havent solved, cannot satisfy some loans. some small and medium sized financial institutions from the start, not from the state-owned enterprise system, management level is not high, th

22、e development ability is insufficient, thus reduced the financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises. the financial system reform is relatively backward, from the planned economy continued financial structure unreasonable problems still not completely effectively solve the small and mediu

23、m-sized banks, and private banks.(4)of small and medium-sized enterprises through issuing stocks and bonds are not unblocked financing channels. our company law shall apply for stock market conditions of the registered capital of a joint stock limited company shall not be less than rmb 5 million yua

24、n, the shareholders of a listed company amount not less than rmb 3000 yuan, public issuance of shares reached more than 25% of the total shares of the company, the company exceeds rmb total share capital of the four billion yuan, the proportion of shares for 10% above, etc, these hard conditions of

25、small and medium-sized enterprises will be rejected, hindering some financing through capital market. the law also provides a limited liability company bonds shall be not less than 60 million yuan net worth it, a joint stock limited company shall not be less than 3,000 yuan net, and have strong ente

26、rprise guarantee, are not allowed to issue, this series of private enterprise of small and medium-sized enterprises also limit conditions by issuing bonds financing of space.1.3 government departments government support to small and medium-sized enterprises. government retains a planned economy, lon

27、g-term since, the national policy support to enterprises, although these years national policy change, but did not happen substantial changes. especially the country executes large state-owned enterprises at present to the preferential policies for small and medium-sized enterprises, and still cant

28、enjoy the preferential policy.in china, although the difference of small and medium-sized enterprises to reduce rates, two or three year from shall be exempted from income tax preferential tax policy, etc, but due to the small and medium-sized enterprises are small-scale taxpayers, in the process of

29、 operation, shall enjoy the preferential policy. finally often actual2 to solve our some financing waysdue to the financing, enterprises, banking and government tripartite, therefore, to solve the difficulty in financing some, needs the joint efforts of the three.2.1 regulate internal management of

30、small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the comprehensive quality of enterprises(1) to clarify the rights, establish enterprise joint-stock system. actively promote enterprise property rights system reform, the only enterprise of property rights, the operator to clarify their behavior and the fu

31、ture development of the enterprise, the enterprise is responsible for the credit can be established. according to the requirements of the modern enterprise system and its own characteristics, the small and medium-sized enterprises energetically promoting some, joint-stock system reform. through the

32、property rights transfer, lease, auction share-holding system, etc, speeding up the reform of the small and medium-sized enterprises go enliven pace. in the process of reform, strengthen the voluntary contribution to encourage employees to enterprise staff guanqiedu assets for the enterprise develop

33、ment, opening up new financing channels.(2)to standardize enterprise financial system and improve financial management level. according to the relevant provisions of the state, establishing and perfecting the enterprises financial and accounting systems, dont do the books, establish and improve the

34、system of financial statements, and improve enterprise financial status of transparency and the credibility of the financial statements. pay the debt and bank actively establish enterprise, payment of the credit system, improve the level of trust companies.(3)to strengthen internal management, impro

35、ve enterprises credit rating. normally, a level above the level of credit enterprise, financial institutions to consider its financing application, so enterprises to establish a good corporate image, eliminate the bad credit histories, enhances the enterprise prestige degree of reimbursement, vigoro

36、usly develop products market. also established a credit rating system of evaluation indexes, and actively cooperate with the government departments concerned, constructing credit system as soon as possible.2.2 financial institutions of self-improvement(1) the financial departments should according t

37、o the requirements of the development of market economy, the reasonable allocation of financial capital, should not go to guide the market with the ownership.in financial regulations, fully utilize rate of market of leverage, the financial market regulation. according to the requirements of small an

38、d medium-sized enterprises such as credit amount is small, short time, high frequency characteristics, can properly raising interest rates, booth low cost, make oneself of the credit of small and medium-sized enterprises also forgave unnecessary travel and folk usury of borrowing. in addition, comme

39、rcial banks should develop more updates of financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises, improve service efficiency, the credit for the small and medium-sized enterprises to provide relevant information and advisory services, to help small and medium-sized enterprise financial managemen

40、t system of health.(2) various financing for common development. continue to expand the scale of chinas stock market, establish the gem, as soon as possible, the enterprise property market directly in state-owned enterprises listed at the same time, allowed conditions for listing of small and medium

41、-sized enterprises into the capital market. also solve a listed company of its shares in listed state-owned, can realize the circulation problems, shares of stock, promoting the circulation of the gem market as soon as possible. gem mainly depends on the development of the enterprise, such as potent

42、ial small and medium-sized enterprises into state-owned enterprises create conditions as soon as possible.(3)cultivating and developing bond financing market, develop china investment fund market, promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises of scientific research innovation ability

43、. in order to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises should straighten out the issuance examination system, gradually relaxing restrictions, expand the scale of perfect bond issued amount secured credit rating system, support the operation efficiency and repay ability of small

44、 and medium-sized enterprises through the issuance of bonds. also should include convertible bonds issuance of corporate bonds, and actively explore the asset securitization, real estate mortgage securitization, etc. vigorously promote the open-end fund of the development of securities investment fu

45、nds, the abundant fund variety, guide savings to investment. while developing venture investment funds.(4)establishing and perfecting the bank for small and medium-sized enterprises, specialized service system for small and medium-sized enterprise service. for small and medium-sized enterprise devel

46、opment services to the small and medium sized financial institutions, accelerate the establishment of small and medium sized financial institutions. the small and medium sized financial institutions general understanding of local basic-level, can use local information about the production status of

47、small and medium-sized enterprises, so that small and medium sized financial institutions in providing financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises, with information and transaction costs low. the small and medium sized financial institutions and the common development of small and medium

48、-sized enterprises can promote each other, the two complement each other.2.3 government should take effective measures to increase the financing for small and medium-sized enterprises.(1)the government departments for solving the problem of small and medium-sized enterprises financing take a series

49、of policy measures, the peoples bank of china on may 6, 1998 by about the improvement of financial services, support the development of national economy, the requirements of the guiding opinions of commercial bank of small and medium-sized enterprises, establish credit loans to small and medium-size

50、d enterprise service, on june 20, 1998 by about further improve financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises, and puts forward the opinion of supporting the development of small and middle-sized enterprises 8 measures, on 19 october 1998, by about expanding in small loan interest rate f

51、luctuation range of notice, decided to expand in small loans floating range, on november 17, 1999, issued on strengthening and improving the financial services for small businesses, puts forward the suggestions to further strengthen and improve the small financial services 10 measures, also, the sma

52、ll and medium-sized enterprises established in 2003, the promotion of small and medium-sized enterprises through it marks and to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in china formally standardized and legalized track. above measure to help small and medium-sized enterprises

53、to obtain funds sources of small and medium-sized enterprises, support plays a positive effect.(2) improve our some funding support policies. the government department mainly preferential tax and financial subsidies, loans to aid financially support. the preferential tax is the country through lower

54、 rates, tax breaks and improve the depreciation of fixed assets, etc. to reduce the tax burden of small and medium-sized enterprises, but subsidies are encouraged by the government of small and medium-sized enterprises of small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting the employment of absorbing scie

55、nce and technology progress and encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to export, the financial aid, the government help small and medium-sized enterprises obtain loans have loan guarantee, loans, the government directly of preferential loans, etc.anyhow, want to effectively solve the problem

56、of small and medium-sized enterprises, the financing needs of government, enterprises and the joint efforts of the tripartite bank financing channels, creating a diversified, social credit and perfect social economic environment for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and provide

57、a relaxed financing environment.中小企業(yè)融資難的原因及其解決途徑分析摘要融資租賃作為一種新型的融資工具，近年來在我國現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展迅猛。然而，大多融資租賃公司在積極開拓市場的同時(shí)，對融資租賃風(fēng)險(xiǎn)了解和認(rèn)識卻仍停留在表面上，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制工作也處于摸索階段。建設(shè)完善、系統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制體系必要而緊迫，筆者在系統(tǒng)梳理融資租賃風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合自身工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)對對策，以幫助企業(yè)更新觀念，做好風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制工作。關(guān)鍵詞：融資租賃 風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制中小企業(yè)融資難的原因及其解決途徑分析lynn m.fisher改革開放以來，我國中小企業(yè)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展，對我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的貢獻(xiàn)率不斷

58、提高，中小企業(yè)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會、增加農(nóng)民收入、轉(zhuǎn)移農(nóng)村富余勞動力等方面發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。但是，最近幾年，我國中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展面臨著很大的困難。尤其影響我國中小企業(yè)進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的最重要的因素是中小企業(yè)融資渠道狹窄、融資數(shù)量少、融資結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、融資成本高。如對工業(yè)增加值貢獻(xiàn)率不到30%的國有企業(yè)占用了70%以上的銀行貸款，但創(chuàng)造了70%的國民生產(chǎn)總值的非國有企業(yè)只獲得30%的銀行貸款。如果這種現(xiàn)象得不到充分改善，中小企業(yè)將難以持續(xù)快速發(fā)展 從以上融資的現(xiàn)狀分析可以看出“融資難”已，會直接影響整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。1中小企業(yè)融資難的原因分析經(jīng)嚴(yán)重制約我國中小企業(yè)發(fā)展。究其根源，既有中小企業(yè)

59、自身的原因，也有銀行管理制度方面的原因，更有國家政策方面的原因。1.1 企業(yè)自身原因（1）中小企業(yè)資本規(guī)模小，信息觀念淡漠。中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營規(guī)模小，生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平落后，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)單一且科技含量低，抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力差，經(jīng)不起原材料或產(chǎn)品價(jià)格的波動，經(jīng)營風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大。加上中小企業(yè)信譽(yù)不高，信用觀念淡漠，導(dǎo)致銀行放貸慎之又慎。不少中小企業(yè)信息披露意識不強(qiáng)，財(cái)務(wù)管理水平低下，信息缺乏客觀和透明。此外，個別中小企業(yè)還惡意抽逃資金，拖欠帳款、空殼經(jīng)營、懸空銀行債權(quán)，造成信貸資金流失，嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了中小企業(yè)的整體信用水平。（2）中小企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)制度不健全，內(nèi)部控制制度不完善，會計(jì)信息失真，造成銀行與企業(yè)信息不對稱，為中小企業(yè)融資增加了難度。椐調(diào)查，我國中小企業(yè)50%以上財(cái)務(wù)制度不健全，許多中小企業(yè)的經(jīng)營管理者自身素質(zhì)較低，缺乏應(yīng)有的財(cái)務(wù)