肝膽外科文獻(xiàn)常用英語單詞.doc

1、文獻(xiàn)生詞malignancy 惡性,惡性腫瘤hepatectomy 肝切除術(shù)bilirubin 膽紅素bilirubinemia 膽紅素血癥Hyperbilirubinemia 高膽紅素血癥Indocyanine green 吲哚花青綠indocyanine green retention 靛青綠滯留量試驗(yàn)hepatic insufficiency 肝功能不全,肝功能衰退jaundice 黃疸retrospective review 回顧性調(diào)查intraoperative 手術(shù)中的,術(shù)中parameters 參數(shù)Logistic Regression Logistic回歸prognosis 預(yù)

2、后prognostic 預(yù)后的hilar 門的,臍的cholangiocarcinoma 膽管上皮癌intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 肝內(nèi)膽管癌anatomic 解剖的,解剖學(xué)的hepatic hilus 肝門perioperative 圍手術(shù)期的indication 適應(yīng)證,指征curative 治愈的resection 切除術(shù)likelihood 可能性liver function 肝功能metastasis 轉(zhuǎn)移hepatocellular carcinoma 肝細(xì)胞癌unexpected 意外的,忽然的cholestasis 膽汁淤積biliary dra

3、inage 膽汁引流extended hemihepatectomy 擴(kuò)大半肝切除術(shù)Trisegmentectomy 三段切除Chronic viral hepatitis 慢性病毒性肝炎cirrhosis 肝硬化serum 免疫血清,血清on admission 入院時,住醫(yī)院時percutaneous 經(jīng)皮的transhepatic 經(jīng)肝的endoscopic biliary drainage 內(nèi)鏡膽管引流,內(nèi)鏡膽管引流術(shù),endoscopic 內(nèi)窺鏡的;內(nèi)窺鏡檢查的drainage tube 引流管,排液管portal vein 門(靜)脈embolization 栓塞,栓塞術(shù),栓子形成

4、peritoneal 腹膜的dissemination 播散,散布laparotomy 剖腹手術(shù)distant metastasis 遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移Surgical Procedures 外科手術(shù)anastomosis 吻合術(shù)enteric 腸的in terms of 以的觀點(diǎn);以的方式hemorrhage 出血hemorrhagic 出血性的hemolysis 溶血hemolytic 溶血的hematology 血液學(xué)hematological 血液的 hemodynamics 血流動力學(xué)coagulation status 高凝狀態(tài)prothrombin time 凝血酶原時間activated

5、 partial thromboplastin time激活部分促凝血酶原激酶時間antithrombin 抗凝血酶thrombolytic 溶血栓藥,血栓溶解劑duration 持續(xù)時間;期間nonlinear least squares method 非線性最小平方法natural logarithm 自然對數(shù)categorize 分類galactose tolerance test 半乳糖耐量試驗(yàn)half life 半衰期computed tomography scan 計算機(jī)體層攝影掃描,CT掃描contrast medium 對比劑,造影劑bolus 推注integrated sof

6、tware 集成軟件variables 變量continuous variable 連續(xù)變量categorical variable 分類變量univariate 單變量multivariate 多變量univariate analysis 單變量分析multivariate analysis 多元分析,多元統(tǒng)計分析 stepwise procedure 逐步過程chi square test 2檢驗(yàn),卡方檢驗(yàn),cutoff value 截斷值Odds Ratio 比值比Mann Whitney test 曼-懷二氏檢驗(yàn)tailed 有尾的receiver operating characte

7、ristic curve接受者（機(jī)）操作特征曲線morbidity and mortality 并發(fā)癥和死亡率decompression 減壓in regard to 關(guān)于,至于living related liver transplantation活體親屬供肝肝移植術(shù)parenchyma 實(shí)質(zhì)liver parenchyma 肝實(shí)質(zhì)excretory 排泄的,分泌的 parenchymal 質(zhì)的,主質(zhì)的shrinkage 皺縮,皺縮度biotransformation 生物轉(zhuǎn)化adenosine triphosphate 三磷腺苷ammonia 氨Aspartate Aminotransfe

8、rase 天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Alanine Aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶Lactate Dehydrogenase 乳酸脫氫酶alkaline phosphatase 堿性磷酸酶glutamyl 谷氨酰基Inferior Vena Cava 下腔靜脈abdominal aorta 腹主動脈Paraaortic 主動脈旁的celiac axis 腹腔干common hepatic artery 肝總動脈proper hepatic artery 肝固有動脈superior mesenteric Artery 腸系膜上動脈Hepatic artery thrombosis 肝

9、動脈血栓形成pseudoaneurysm 假性動脈瘤portacaval shunt 門(靜脈與)腔靜脈分流術(shù)arterialization 動脈化angiography 血管造影術(shù) occlusion 閉塞 梗塞occluded 閉塞的collateral 側(cè)的,側(cè)支,副的confluence 合流,匯流autologous vein graft 自體靜脈移植物porta hepatis 肝門Portal lymph node 肝門淋巴結(jié)second order biliary radicles 二級膽管根lobar atrophy 肝葉萎縮caudate lobe 尾狀葉falciform

10、 ligament 肝鐮狀韌帶periampullary 壺腹周圍的Retroduodenal 十二指腸后的jejunum(jejunal)空腸（的）ileum (ileal) 回腸（的）colon(colonic) 結(jié)腸（的）rectum (rectal) 直腸（的）anal canal 肛管oncology 腫瘤學(xué)oncological 腫瘤學(xué)的neoplasm 腫瘤，新生物neoplastic 腫瘤的，新生物的neoplastic seeding 腫瘤播種papillary tumor 乳頭瘤adenocarcinoma 腺癌cystadenoma 囊腺瘤testis 睪丸gastrin

11、oma 胃泌素瘤squamous cell carcinoma 鱗狀細(xì)胞癌carcinoid tumors 類癌sarcoma 肉瘤focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) 局灶性結(jié)節(jié)性增生parenchymal disease 器質(zhì)性疾病advanced cancer 晚期癌癥well differentiated 分化良好nodule 結(jié)節(jié)nodal metastases 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移therapeutic effect 療效neoadjuvant chemotherapy 新輔助化療radiofrequency ablation 射頻消蝕arterial chemoe

12、mbolization 動脈化療性栓塞infiltrating 浸潤macroscopically 肉眼檢查的;目視的carcinoembryonic antigen 癌胚抗原 indication 適應(yīng)癥 指征contraindication 禁忌證preoperative workup 術(shù)前全面評估postoperative morbidity rate 術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率operative approach 手術(shù)入路radical operation 根治術(shù),根治性手術(shù)en bloc 整個地,整塊地inoperable 不能手術(shù)的,不能做手術(shù)的palliative 姑息的diagnosti

13、c laparoscopy 診斷性腹腔鏡檢查non-therapeutic laparotomy 非治療性剖腹探查術(shù)invasive techniques 微創(chuàng)技術(shù)procedural complications 手術(shù)并發(fā)癥pancreaticoduodenectomy 胰十二指腸切除術(shù)Adrenalectomy 腎上腺切除術(shù)thrombectomy 血栓摘除術(shù)lymphadenectomy 淋巴結(jié)切除術(shù)Lymph Node Dissection 淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)lymph node harvest 淋巴結(jié)清掃end to side anastomosis 端側(cè)吻合術(shù)hepaticojejunos

14、tomy 肝空腸吻合術(shù)cholecystectomy 膽囊切除術(shù)Caudate lobectomy 尾狀葉切除術(shù)radiopharmaceutical agent 放射性藥劑iodized oil 碘化油absolute ethanol 無水乙醇scintigraphy 閃爍掃描術(shù)helical 螺旋的,螺旋狀,螺旋狀的cross sectional imaging 橫斷層面成像magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像endoscopy retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)內(nèi)鏡下逆行膽胰管造影magnetic

15、resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)磁共振胰膽管成像intraoperative ultrasonography 術(shù)中超聲檢查法contrast enhanced computed tomography對比增強(qiáng)掃描CTpositron emission tomography PET正電子發(fā)射斷層掃描cholangiogram 膽管造影Recurrence 復(fù)發(fā)follow up 隨訪concomitant 伴發(fā)的,附隨的comorbidities 并存病bleeding 出血,流血extravasation 外滲,溢出hemobilia 膽道出血b

16、iliary fistula 膽瘺pleural effusion 胸腔積液lung edema 肺水腫splenomegaly 脾腫大hypersplenism 脾功能亢進(jìn)hepatic encephalopathy 肝性腦病ascites 腹水subphrenic abscess 膈下膿腫endotoxaemia 內(nèi)毒素血癥myocardial infarction 心肌梗死pyrexial 發(fā)熱的hypothermic 低體溫的Biliary Stricture 膽管狹窄steatohepatitis 脂肪性肝炎fatty liver 脂肪肝 adipose tissue 脂肪組織pri

17、mary sclerosing cholangitis 原發(fā)性硬化性膽管炎angina 心絞痛sepsis 敗血癥,膿毒癥perfusion 灌注ex vivo 離體,在活體外in situ 原位right upper quadrant 右上象限proximal part 近心端perineural 神經(jīng)周圍的bifurcation 二根分叉部,分岔ipsilateral 身體的同側(cè)的,同側(cè)的Institutional Review Board 機(jī)構(gòu)審查委員會Ethics Committees 倫理學(xué)委員會predispose to 易患，使易感染、誘發(fā)platelet 血小板hyperali

18、mentation 高營養(yǎng)支持cirrhotic 硬變的morbidity 并發(fā)癥，發(fā)病率medications 用藥dislodge 移去,逐出,取出gonadal 性腺的,生殖腺的Histologic 組織學(xué)的frozen section 冰凍切片atrophy 萎縮hypertrophy 肥大,過度生長proliferation 增生,增殖hyperplasia 增生;數(shù)量性肥大 Stem cells 干細(xì)胞bone marrow derived 骨髓衍生的epithelium 上皮,上皮細(xì)胞encased 包裹reconstruction 重建,再造,重構(gòu)inflammatory 炎癥

19、性的broad spectrum antibiotics 廣譜抗菌素blood culture 血培養(yǎng)Gram Negative bacillus 革蘭陰性芽胞桿菌cut surface 切面stent 支架catheter 導(dǎo)管direct cannulation 直接插管spectrophotometer 分光光度計rupture 破裂,vt.(使)破裂somatostatin 生長抑素Extracellular Matrix 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)cohort 同期組群Length of Stay 住院時間after discharge 出院后stratified 分層的,成層的clear cut

20、明確的In this regard 在這方面come at a cost 是有代價的progressively 進(jìn)行性地,漸進(jìn)地rationale 原理,基礎(chǔ)理論homogeneous 同類的 同質(zhì)的heterogeneous 異類的,不同的putative 假定的omnipotent 全能的,無所不能的as controls 作為對照preconditioned 預(yù)處理preconditioning 預(yù)處理prospectively 前瞻性prospective randomized date 前瞻性隨機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)Disease-Specific survival 疾病特異性生存率irrevers

21、ible 不可逆的references 參考Cochrane 循證醫(yī)學(xué)cholangiopancreatography 胰膽管造影術(shù)resolution 分辨率（決心，決議 解決）herein 如此,鑒于，在此處iatrogenic 醫(yī)源性palliation 緩和,減輕running suture 連續(xù)縫合orthotopic liver transplantation 原位肝移植chemoradiation 放化療preneoplastic change 癌前變化carcinogenesis 致癌作用dysplasia 發(fā)育不良,不典型增生endoprosthesis 內(nèi)鏡置管術(shù)pruri

22、tus 瘙癢pruritis 瘙癢癥Etiology (aetiology) 病原學(xué)etiologic 病原學(xué)的epidemiology 流行病學(xué)epidemiological 流行病學(xué)的pathophysiology 病理生理學(xué)lesion 病變Radionuclide 放射性核素nitrosamine 亞硝胺類pathogenesis 發(fā)病機(jī)制carcinoid 類癌Mucinous Adenocarcinoma 粘液腺癌Clear cell adenocarcinoma 透明細(xì)胞腺癌Signet ring cell adenocarcinoma 印戒細(xì)胞腺癌Adenosquamous C

23、arcinoma 腺鱗狀癌Squamous Cell Carcinoma 鱗狀細(xì)胞癌Oat Cell Carcinoma 燕麥細(xì)胞癌Undifferentiated Carcinoma 未分化癌Papillomatosis 乳頭狀瘤病Papillary Carcinoma 乳頭狀癌hepatoblastoma 肝母細(xì)胞瘤Haemangioendothelioma 血管內(nèi)皮瘤neuroendocrine tumour 神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌瘤Leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤malignant fibrous histiocytoma 惡化纖維組織細(xì)胞瘤nodular tumors 結(jié)節(jié)性腫瘤cach

24、exia 惡液質(zhì)sterilize 滅菌,消毒surgical radicality 手術(shù)的根治性angiogenetic 血管生成angiogenic 血管源性的，生成血管的antiangiogenic 抗血管生成的chemosensitization 化療增敏photosensitizer 感光劑,光敏劑irradiation 放射，照射conformational radiotherapy 適形放射治療brachytherapy 短距離放射治療stereotactic 立體定位的,立體定向的interventional radiology 介入放射學(xué)oxaliplatin 奧沙利鉑dox

25、orubicin 多柔比星gemcitabine 吉西他濱immunosuppressant 免疫抑制劑Portography 門靜脈造影術(shù)contrast agent 對比劑,造影劑lipiodol 碘油Iodophor 碘伏c(diǎn)ystic duct 膽囊管choledochal duct 膽總管choledochal cysts 膽總管囊腫Choledocholithiasis 膽總管結(jié)石hepatolithiasis 肝內(nèi)膽管結(jié)石病oriental cholangiohepatitis 東方人膽管肝炎Biliary malformation 膽管畸形Liver fluke 肝吸蟲proto

26、col 治療方案therapeutic regimen 治療方案Palliative Treatment 姑息治療Signs and Symptoms 體征和癥狀plethora 多血癥,多血質(zhì)Differential Diagnosis 鑒別診斷Randomized Controlled Trials 隨機(jī)對照試驗(yàn)enterocinesia 腸動,腸蠕動Ligation 結(jié)扎術(shù)luminal obstruction 官腔阻塞screening 普檢,篩查,篩選predisposing factor 易感因素enhanced susceptibility 增強(qiáng)易感性hyperbaric oxy

27、gen treatment 高壓氧治療asymptomatic 無癥狀的indolent 無痛的Intractable Pain 頑固性疼痛visceral 內(nèi)臟的steatosis 脂肪變性latency 潛伏期side effects 副作用decompensation 失代償anoxia 缺養(yǎng)癥anoxic 缺氧的anoxemia. 缺氧血癥;血缺氧ischemia 局部缺血,缺血Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury 缺血再灌注損傷ischemic change 缺血性改變anemia 貧血pyogenic 化膿的purulent 化膿性,膿性的hepatomegaly

28、 肝腫大umbilical fissure 裂臍cytokine 細(xì)胞因子neuropeptide 神經(jīng)肽neurotransmitter 神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)fluorescence in situ hybridization 熒光原位雜交necrosis 壞死necrocytosis 細(xì)胞壞死apoptosis 凋亡apoptotic 細(xì)胞凋亡的desmoplastic reaction 纖維成形性反應(yīng)oncogene 癌基因Suppressor Genes 抑制基因genetic 遺傳的epigenetic change 基因外改變hypermethylation 超甲基化sequential oc

29、currence 順序發(fā)生stepwise 分步的,分段的,逐步的mesenchymal 間質(zhì)morphology 形態(tài)atypia 非典型,異型性Phenotype 表型dehydration 脫水paraffin 石蠟impregnation 浸漬,受精,受孕embedding 包埋,埋植serial section 連續(xù)切片anesthesia 麻醉anesthesiology 麻醉學(xué)anesthetist 麻醉師palpation 觸診orifice 管口,口,小孔o(hù)ne orifice 一個管口intubate插管pancreatic secretion 胰腋centrifuge 離

30、心,離心機(jī)cannulation 管子reactive oxygen species 活性氧recanalization 再通，再穿通 Celiac Plexus 腹腔叢arteriolar 微動脈的,小動脈的Collateral Circulation 側(cè)支循環(huán)intima 內(nèi)膜subintimal 內(nèi)膜下的mitochondria 線粒體multifocal 多病灶的endemic 地方性的amenable 適合的 more specifically 更具體地說mainstay 主要依據(jù)kink 扭折,紐結(jié)lethal 致命的peculiarity 特性armamentarium 醫(yī)療設(shè)備,設(shè)備demarcate 劃界線,分開,區(qū)別paucity 資料貧乏 migration 移位interim report 中期報告nihilistic 虛無主義的enigmatic 難理解的，神秘的occult 隱匿的，潛隱的autopsy 尸檢detritus 腐屑,腐質(zhì),碎屑antegrade 順行的retrograde 逆行的endogenous 內(nèi)源的,內(nèi)生的exogenous 外源的,外生的intracorporeal 體內(nèi)的extracorporeal 體外的au