考必過00015英語二復(fù)習(xí)[材料應(yīng)用]

1、00015英語二復(fù)習(xí)資料重點單詞擴充講解：1. organizational: a 組織上的由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：organize: v 組織； organization: n 組織； organizer: n 組織者請看下列習(xí)題，選擇該組詞里恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：1). Last week, our school _ a spring outing.2). The task calls for the highest _ skill.3). China has joined World Trade _.4). He is the _ of the speech contest.Answers: org

2、anized, organizational, Organization, organizer2. objective: n 目標(biāo)； a 客觀的，反義詞subjective: 主觀的3. predict: v 預(yù)言、預(yù)示；由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：prediction: n 預(yù)言； predictable: a 可預(yù)測的； predictor: n 預(yù)言家4. simplify: v 簡化由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：simple: a 簡單的； simply: ad 簡單地，僅僅地； simplification: n 簡化； simplified: a 被簡化的。Exercises for the abo

3、ve words:1). The machine is _ in operation but complex in structure.2). Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet in the original is beyond our capacity while _ edition is quite easy.3). There is no point in arguing about it, because it is _ a question of procedure.4). The _ of working process freed the workers

4、 fro heavy labor.Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification5. tendency: n 趨勢、傾向；tend : v 傾向于， tend to do sthe.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.Or old people tend to get fatter.6. managerial: a 經(jīng)理的、經(jīng)營上的；由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：manage: v管理、經(jīng)營； management: n; manager: n 經(jīng)營者，管理者； manageable:

5、 a 可管理的、可經(jīng)營的。7. argue: v 爭辯、爭論，常用固定搭配：argu with sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人爭論； argue sb into doing sth說服某人做某事； argue sb out of doing sth說服某人不要做某事。e.g. 1. The young couple always argue with each other over their childseducation.2. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.8. define: v 給下定義；

6、 definition: n 定義9. profitability: n 賺錢， 獲利由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：profit: n 利潤； profitable: a 有利可圖的, 有好處的；profitless: a 沒有利潤的。1). He has made a _ from running a small restaurant.2). The deal was _ to all of us.3). They valued _ differently, which led to disagreement as to the correctness of decision.Answer: prof

7、it, profitable; profitability.10. correctness: n 正確性； 字根：correct: a 正確的； v 糾正， correction: n 糾正； incorrect: a 不正確的。11. unintended: a 非計劃中的，由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：intend: v 打算，計劃；intention: n ； intended: a 計劃中的課文難句講解、分析1. A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.(p1)

8、譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。分析：該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。made from among alternative courses of action that are available是過去分詞短語做定語修飾a choice; 其中that are available是定語從句修飾courses of action.像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學(xué)會分析。這是整個英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中很重要的能力！2. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objecti

9、ves are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them. (p1)譯：做出決策的原因是因為存在問題，目標(biāo)或目的有錯誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實現(xiàn)。分析：該句又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。That引導(dǎo)三個并列的表語從句，a problem exists，goals or objectives are wrong；something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短語：make a decision:做出決策；stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙3

10、. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions. (p2)譯：通常管理者必須對未來的情況做出最佳預(yù)測，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生，但因為不確定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風(fēng)險。分析：前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。what the future will be是at的賓語；as little

11、as possible做leave的賓語；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，相當(dāng)于because.4. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)譯：如果沒有選擇，就不會有決策。分析：這是一句很簡單的條件狀語從句，但它有一個很重要的考點：to be made。這是動詞不定式做定語修飾decision，有將來意味。比如：The last question to be discussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.5. For managers, every

12、 decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)譯：對于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。分析：這句話的考點是based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like。同樣是過去分詞短語做定語修飾constraints。其中詞組：baseon以為基礎(chǔ)。 如：The film is based on s short story by Jack London.6. Bu

13、t the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives. (p4)譯：但是這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。分析：該句主語the tendency to simplify，謂語blinds; them是賓語。to simplify是定語，修飾the tendency；to other alternatives是賓補。其中短語：blind sb to sth:使看不見；we shouldnt let our prejudices blind us to the facts.7. Because individuals

14、 (and organizations) frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choice may depend on who makes the decision. (p6 line 4-6)譯：因為個人（和組織）關(guān)于如何達到目的常有不同的觀點，哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰做出決策。分析：這是一個由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。其中how to attain the goals做介詞about的賓語，who makes the decision做介詞on的賓語。8. Some of

15、 these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person to person and from department to department. (p7 line 2-4)譯：其中有一些目標(biāo)比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門而異。分析：請注意比較級more important than，詞組：vary from person to person譯成中文：因人而異，可以推出：因季節(jié)而異vary from seaso

16、n to season.9. When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems, production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7 line 5-7)譯：當(dāng)面對同一件日常事情時，銷售經(jīng)理傾向于看銷售問題，而生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理則會看生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的問題，等等。分析：前半部分為?？純?nèi)容，它是when + 過去分詞短語，構(gòu)成時間狀語部分。其中詞組：be presented with = be faced with當(dāng)面對When faced wi

17、th difficulties, we should be brave.10. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon. (p9)譯：人們經(jīng)常假設(shè)一項決策是孤立的現(xiàn)象。分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單：主謂賓（從句）。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象；復(fù)數(shù)變化較特殊：phenomena重點單詞、詞組詳講1. interview: n/v 采訪、面試；interviewer: n 采訪者； interviewee: n 被采訪者e.g. 1. Who

18、s the most famous person youve ever interviewed on TV?2. In a TV interview last night, she denied she had any intention of resigning.2. criticism: n 批評，評論； criticize: v 批評； critical: a 批評的、挑剔的、關(guān)鍵的；critic: n 評論家, 請?zhí)钐羁础? He is a literary _.2 We are at a _time in our history.3 He cant take _.4 The boy

19、was _ by his father for being late for school.Answers: critic, critical, criticism, criticized3. indifference: n 冷漠、漠不關(guān)心；indifferent: a 冷漠的，反義詞：enthusiastic: 熱情的cf: different: a 不同的，名詞：difference; 反義詞：same.4. inefficiency: n 無效，由此聯(lián)想得到：efficient: a 高效率的； efficiency: n inefficient: a 低效率的5. conservati

20、ve: a 保守的、保存的； conserve: v 保存； conservation: n 6. apply to sb for sth: 向某人申請某物e.g. The student applied to the embassy for a visa.7. take the trouble to do sth: 不辭勞苦、費力地做某事e.g. If you took the trouble to listen to what I was saying, youd know what I was talking about.8. put oneself in somebodys place

21、: 設(shè)身處地If you put yourself in your mothers place, you will understand why she is so worried about you.9. in hand: 手頭上有，進行中Ive got enough money in hand to buy a new car.10. turn down: 調(diào)小，降低，拒絕Turn down the TV, for the baby is sleeping.He turned down the job because the pay isnt good enough.課文難句分析1. Th

22、e key words here are preparation and confidence, which will carry you far. （p2）譯：這里的關(guān)鍵詞是準(zhǔn)備和自信，它們將使你前程遠大。分析：which will carry you far非限定性定語從句，修飾preparation and confidence。另外請注意：key關(guān)鍵的；preparation是prepare的名詞；confidence: n 信心。Confident: a 有信心的；self-confidence: 自信心。2. Find out all you can about the job y

23、ou are applying for and the origination you hope to work for. (p4)譯：了解你所申請的工作和你希望為之工作的組織。分析：you are applying for定語，修飾the job; you hope to work for定語修飾the origination。詞組：apply to sb for sth向某人申請什么。3. It shows an unattractive indifference to your employer and to your job. (p6)譯：它表明你對雇主和你的工作的態(tài)度冷漠，不感興趣。

24、分析：it主語；shows謂語；an unattractive indifference賓語；to your employer and to your job間接賓語。Show sth to sb=show sb sth.另外，請注意：indifference: 冷漠，漠視。4. He wants somebody who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a real interest in the job. (p7)分析：who is hard-working with a pleasant personality and a

25、real interest in the job全部都是定語，修飾somebody。注意介詞with表示帶有。； have interest in sth對有興趣。5. Anything that you find out about the prospective employer can be used to your advantage during the interview to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for. (p8)譯：你找到的任

26、何有關(guān)未來雇主的信息在面試中都能為你所用，以表示你費了心思去掌握一些關(guān)于你希望為其工作的人的事實。分析：從這個句子的長度大家也能看出這是一個復(fù)雜句。主體結(jié)構(gòu)為：anything can be used to your advantage. that you find out about the prospective employer是定語從句；during the interview狀語；to show that you have bothered to master some facts about the people who you hope to work for是目的狀語；who

27、you hope to work for是另外一個定語從句修飾the people. 詞組：to your advantage: 對你有利；work for sb為某人工作。6. Do not be afraid to ask for clarification of something that has been said during the interview if you want to be sure what was implied, but do be polite. (p10)譯：面試中如果你想確切地知道某些話的含義，不要害怕請對方解釋清楚，但一定要有禮貌。分析：基本句型：no

28、t be afraid to do sth; 不要害怕去做某事；ask for clarification要求澄清；that has been said during the interview定語，修飾something; what was implied賓語；do be polite: 其中do為了強調(diào)，如：do be careful! I do love you! He does lie to us!7. Have the letter inviting you for an interview ready to show in case there is any difficulty

29、in communication. (p16)譯： 拿著邀請你面試的通知書，以防萬一交談出現(xiàn)困難時顯示。分析：這是一個祈使句。Have動詞，拿著；the letter賓語；inviting you for an interview現(xiàn)在分詞做定語；ready to show狀語；in case there is any difficulty in communication條件狀語從句；詞組：there is some difficulty in sth/doing sth在方面有困難。如：We have some difficulty speaking English fluently.8.

30、There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn. (p20)譯：由五個人構(gòu)成的專門小組幾乎不可能輪流與你握手。分析：這句話的重點在于that a panel of five ants to go through the process of all shaking hands with you in turn是一個同位語從句，是對little likelihood的解釋。其中：likelihood: n 可能

31、性，相當(dāng)于possibility; go through經(jīng)歷； in turn:輪流。9. Would you mind rephrasing the question, please? (p23)譯：您介意換個說法來問這個問題嗎？分析：考點mind doing sth. 如： Would you mind turning down the TV?語法：介紹as的相關(guān)用法as是一個乍一看簡單，但實際在英語中用法很復(fù)雜的小詞。從詞類上講，可以用作介詞、副詞、連詞以及關(guān)系代詞；從語法功能角度來看，可以構(gòu)成介詞賓語，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，時間狀語從句，方式狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，比較狀語從句和定語從句。

32、此外as還出現(xiàn)在很多固定搭配中，如： as if, as though, as long as, as to, as for, so as to, etc.請看下列例句,并請分析出as的具體用法。1. I work as an English teacher in a middle school.2. Run as fast as you can.3. Young as he is, he knows more than I.4. Just as I was leaving, the telephone rang.5. Please do as I have told you.6. As I

33、am the oldest child in my family, I must take care of the other children.7. Such people as you have described are rare nowLearn new words and phrases1. astronomer: n 天文學(xué)家；astronomy: n 天文學(xué)2.explode: v 爆炸,由此聯(lián)想：explosive: a 爆炸性的/n 炸藥；explosion: n 爆炸1). When the bomb_, many people were seriously wounded

34、.2). The unexpected _ frightened the little girl.3). It might be possible to convert _ energy into heat.Answers: exploded, explosion, explosive3. density: n 密度；聯(lián)想產(chǎn)生：dense: a 密度大的，反義詞：sparse; densely: ad高密度地；densely-populated人口稠密的；sparsely-populated人口稀疏的1). The _ fog kept the travelers from finding t

35、he correct direction.2). The business area of the city is _ populated.3). This liquid has a much greater _ than water.Answers: dense, densely, density4. shrink: v 收縮、退縮、縮水1). As a result of careless washing, the jacket has shrunk to a childs size.2).The girl shrinks at the sight of blood.5. measurem

36、ent: n 衡量、測量；由此聯(lián)想：measure: n措施/v 衡量、測量；measurable: a 可衡量的，可測量的1). We must take _ to protect our environment.2). We have come within _ distance of success.3). Clocks give us a _ of time.4). There the rainfall is _ not in inches but in feet.Answers: measures, measurable, measurement, measured6.implica

37、tion: n 含義、暗示；imply: v 暗示7. basis: n 基礎(chǔ)、根據(jù)，由此可以聯(lián)想得到：base: n 底部；v 以為底，為根據(jù)；basic: a 基礎(chǔ)的，根本的；basically: ad 根本上來說, 1). If you want to improve your English, you must have a solid _.2). The furniture of out dorm is really _: two beds, two chairs and tables.3). The charges are false for they are not _ on p

38、roven facts.4). Since no better plan can be worked out, we have to adopt the _ workable one.Answers: basis, basic, based, basically8. observatory: n 天文臺；由此可以聯(lián)想得到：observe: v 觀察；observation: n 觀察；observer: n 觀察家9. convincing: a 有說服力的，使人信服的；convince: v 使人信服；convinced: a 感到有說服力的，常見搭配：convince sb of sth;

39、 convince sb that1). He gave us a convincing speech.2). He convinced me f his sincerity.10. operate: v 運轉(zhuǎn)、操作、動手術(shù)；operation : n 手術(shù)，操作；operator: 操作者11. research into對進行研究She is researching into possible cures for AIDS.12. swallow up: 吞沒、耗盡Many small businesses have been swallowed up by large companies

40、.13. apply to sb/sth：適用于某人/某事，請對比：apply to sb for sth向某人申請某事；apply A to B將A 應(yīng)用于B1). You should apply what you have learned to your work.2). I applied to him for a new job.3). The study method doesnt apply to everyoneAnalyze the important sentences among the text1. Well, its difficult to answer this

41、question, since the terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.(p1) 譯：哦，這個問題很難回答，因為我們通常用來描述一種科學(xué)現(xiàn)象的現(xiàn)有術(shù)語在這里不夠用。句子分析：it是形式主語，to answer this question是句子主語；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon是定語從句，修飾terms; inadequate: 不充分的，不合格的。

42、2. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space not a thing into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape-not even light. (p1)譯：天文學(xué)家和科學(xué)家認(rèn)為黑洞是一個空間區(qū)域，而不是一個物體，物質(zhì)會掉進黑洞而沒有物體可以從中逃脫出來，即使是光也不行。句子分析：into which和from which引導(dǎo)兩個定語從句，介詞：into和fall搭配；from 和escape搭配。這種介詞+w

43、hich的定語從句的形式請多注意。3. The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. (p2)譯：（關(guān)于黑洞形成的）理論就是一些星球的密度增長到某個特定的點就會爆炸。句子分析：這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu)句。that用來引導(dǎo)表語從句，不可省略。其中又包含一個when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。to a particular point是達到某一個特定的點的含義。4. But if the star is very large (much bigger than our sun)

44、this process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results. (p2)譯：但如果星球很大（比我們的太陽還要大得多），其收縮過程可能很劇烈，以致于產(chǎn)生了黑洞。句子分析：這是一個if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，sothat表示如此以致，是結(jié)果狀語從句。如：Im so tired that I can even sleep on my way home.5. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble, but still having the same mass and

45、a stronger gravitational pull, and you have some idea of the force of a black hole. (p2)譯：假想一下地球收縮到彈球兒那么大，但仍具有同樣的質(zhì)量和更強的吸引力，你就會對黑洞的力量又某種概念。句子分析：該句的主要結(jié)構(gòu)為imagine.and you 事實上相當(dāng)于if you imagine, you will have some idea. 這種句子結(jié)構(gòu)在歷年的考試中曾出現(xiàn)過。請記?。浩硎咕? and + 陳述句= if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。如：Hurry up and you can catch the las

46、t train! 另外，該句還有兩個定語成分reduced to the size of a marble和having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull用來修飾the earth.前者為過去分詞，而后者為現(xiàn)在分詞。詞組：have some idea of sth對有所了解6. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. (p3line13-14)譯：只是近來科學(xué)家才開始對黑洞進行具體的研究。句子分析：本句的核

47、心結(jié)構(gòu)為it isthat的強調(diào)句型，強調(diào)時間狀語only recently。詞組：research into sth對進行研究。7. The most convincing evidence of black holes comes from research into binary star systems. (p4)譯：有關(guān)黑洞最有說服力的證據(jù)來自對雙星體系的研究。句子分析：該句主語evidence，謂語comes from；賓語research into binary star systems。The most convincing是定語，修飾evidence.其中請注意convinc

48、ing:令人信服的，通常修飾物的形容詞多以-ing結(jié)尾；而修飾人的多以-ed結(jié)尾。如：I feel excited after hearing the surprising news.8. Matter from the one which we can see is being pulled towards the companion star. (p4)譯：我們所看到的星球的物質(zhì)正在被吸引到伴星去。句子分析：主語matter; 謂語is being pulled，這是一個進行被動語態(tài)；towards the companion star介詞賓語；from the one which we

49、can see定語。9. On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. (p5line4-6)譯：另一方面，科學(xué)家也提出有一天高科技會利用黑洞的力量為人類服務(wù)。句子分析：請注意在本句中suggest不是建議的含義，是指出、指明的意思。advanced高級的、先進的；make use of sth利用，該詞組可以拓展成：make good use of 好好加以利用

50、；make full use of充分加以利用。10. They show us a world which operates in a totally different way from our own and they question our most basic experience of apace and time.(p5)譯：他們展示給我們一個不同于我們自己的世界運行方式的世界，并對我們最基本的時空經(jīng)驗提出了質(zhì)疑。 句子分析：這個句子復(fù)雜在于：從which引導(dǎo)的很長的定語從句，特別注意;operate：v 操作；in a way以某種方式；be different from同不

51、同；question: v 質(zhì)疑，詢問。Learn new words and phrases1. resolve: v 旋轉(zhuǎn)，常見搭配關(guān)系為：resolve around sb/sth圍繞轉(zhuǎn)。She spends all of her time resolving around her family.The earth resolves around the sun.2. solar: a 太陽的，日光的solar energy太陽能；solar system太陽系；solar month陽歷月3. concerned: a 有關(guān)的、擔(dān)心的Her job is something conce

52、rned with computer.He is concerned about the result of the exam.4. colored: a 有色的，對比；colorful: a 豐富多彩的I like orange-colored coat.Everybody likes colorful life.5. religion: n 宗教，religious: a 虔誠的；請對比：region: n 地區(qū)；regional: a 地區(qū)的6. circumstance: n 情況、境遇；Under no circumstances can we waste time.7. a gre

53、at many = a number of = many很多，修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞。而a great deal of + u.nA great many students are absent today.I have wasted a great deal of time.8. above all: 首先、首要 After the war, he longed above all to see his wife and family.9. as a rule: 通常、一般而言As a rule, I only watch sports news.Analyze the important sente

54、nces among the text:1. First of all, let us consider the earth as a planet revolving around the sun. (p1)譯：首先，讓我們把地球看作是圍繞太陽運行的一顆行星。句子分析：first of all首先，詞組：consider sth as sth把當(dāng)作，與之類似的詞組還有：look up sth as sth; review sth as sth; treat sth as sth; revolving around the sun是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語修飾a planet。2. These ni

55、ne planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar system. (p1)譯：這九大行星和太陽一起構(gòu)成我們所說的太陽系。句子分析：該句主語為：These nine planets；謂語是make up；what is called our solar system是賓語；together with the sun是狀語，而并非句子主語。關(guān)于該語法內(nèi)容請見本講后面的grammar-主謂一致。3. How this wonderful system started and what kept it working

56、 with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery (p1)譯：這個奇妙的星系是怎樣起源的？什么使它保持極其精確的運轉(zhuǎn)，很大程度上現(xiàn)在還是一個謎。句子分析：這也是一個主語很復(fù)雜的句子：How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy是主語，它是一個主語從句。關(guān)于該語法內(nèi)容請見本講后面的grammar-主謂一致。4. The total water area is about three times as large as the land area. (